Conference Session

Web-based learning

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-1508: WEBCT – A POWERFUL WEB-ENHANCED INSTRUCTION TOOLFOR ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY COURSESB. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University B. S. SRIDHARA Dr. B. S. Sridhara is a professor in the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Studies at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his B.S.M.E. and M.S.M.E. degrees from Bangalore University and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He received his M.S.M.E. and Ph. D. degrees from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, and Auburn University, Alabama. Dr. Sridhara has published several peer-reviewed articles in the areas of Acoustics, Vibration, finite element methods, and Engineering Education

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Design Projects in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Otieno, Northern Illinois University; Abul Azad, Northern Illinois University; Radha Balamuralikrishna, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

skills were to be used in the project todetermine what materials would best be used for building the casing for electronics andmounting the structure. After evaluating the functional requirements of the product, the studentsfrom this class performed a market survey and decided what annual quantity was appropriate tomanufacture. Based on the manufacturing quantities the students decided: a) type ofmanufacturing strategy for the product and manufacturing method to be used; b) a layout of themanufacturing area; c) the machines and equipment to be used in the plant; d) the productioncontrol techniques; e) an estimate of unit cost of production and the market price of the product;and, f) an economic analysis to justify the unit cost of the product

Conference Session

Electrical ET Projects and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Root, Bloomsburg University; Biswajit Ray, Bloomsburg University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

R33 412 T0602 TH 54 1 U1 LM139 DIP-14 TH Yes 55 1 U2 4420 DIP-8 TH Yes 56 1 U3 UC2845A DIP-8 TH Yes 57 1 XFMR_Isense SM Yes (Dot: Pin 1) Page 11.96.8 58 1 XFMR_Power TH Yes (a) Top (component) layer (c) Third layer(b) Second layer (d) Bottom (surface mount) layer Figure 4 Copper layers for the forward converter board

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Design & Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheng Lin, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-55: A HYDRAULIC WOOD-PALLET MACHINECheng Lin, Old Dominion University Page 11.55.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 A HYDRAULIC WOOD-PALLET MACHINEAbstractThis paper presents a design and test of a wood-pallet machine. The project was supervisedunder the Technology Application Center (TAC) at Old Dominion University.A hydraulic-power machine was designed to press six metal plates simultaneously onto sixend surfaces of a wood pallet, which is used to stack items during movement or storage.Operation of the machine significantly reduces the manual hammering time from fourminutes to forty five seconds. Students were guided to design the mechanical

Conference Session

Network Administration and Security

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ron McKean, Ferris State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. - Reported lose from large companies in 4th quarter of 2000... but labor market still tight.72002 – Estimated 26,000 Engineers unemployed82003 – Up to one million visas issued for high tech jobs. The motivation is challenged. Is it due to a domestic shortage or just replacement of high paid US professional with low cost foreign workers92006 – H1 B visas limits are again raised After a temporary lowering following the dot-com drop of 2000, the government has again increased it limits.Evolution of the curriculum …It soon became very clear that the networking aspect of the program would be most important forgraduate employment and industry need. Over the next several years, economic and technologytrends have supported this early

Conference Session

ECET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Adams, Western Carolina University; James Zhang, Western Carolina University; Paul Yanik, Western Carolina University; Kenneth Burbank, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

has integrated the capability of displayingDSP omputation into a Simulink R block. In addition, DIP switches on the DSK board can beengaged to introduce different levels of noise. The student would have to write a Matlab Rprogram to generate different levels of noise, but would not have to be concerned with thecoding of interrupt hardware. Matlab R has integrated the interrupt handling capability into aSimulink R block of the DIP switches.Fig. 5. A/D conversion example using a sampling rate of 1 sample per second and an encoding resolution of 3 bits per sample.(a) Graph of the original signal, sample-and-hold output, and quantizer output. (b) Resulting output bits generated by the binaryencoder as a function of time.Application in a

Conference Session

Computer ET Projects and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Steffen, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

anexplicit description of performance characteristics corresponding to a point on a rating scale. Ascoring rubric makes explicit expected qualities of expected performance on a rating scale or thedefinition of a single scoring point on a scale. The use of such a rubric is as important to thestudent as it is to the instructor doing the assessment. A rubric expresses what is expected fromthe student and how the instructor assesses the work.The rubric for assessing the Windows 2003 server project (Appendix B) was developed as aguideline of student assessment. This particular rubric expresses the achievement of letter gradesthrough the mastery of objectives. Each grade letter plateau expresses the number of objectivesthat the student needs to achieve

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sorraya Khiewnavawongsa, Purdue University; Ron Leong, Purdue University; Edie Schmidt, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

oninefficiency of the old, and ultimately, critically evaluate the value of evidence (Boom 1956;Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., & Bertram, B. M. 1973). The result of this paper will be based on a 40 minutes lecture, which goal is to helpstudents learn the concept and application of Material Requirement Planning (MRP) in the mosteffective manner. Learning, for the purpose of a mere 40 minutes lecture, will therefore besuperficially defined as the ability to understand, the ability to recall, and the ability to apply theknowledge meaningfully (Sekaran, 2003). 2.2. Demographic Survey At analyzing the hypotheses, we wanted to know how experienced our students are withthe technology (Breeze). To analyze the students, a demographic and

Conference Session

Simulation and Virtual Instrumentation in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Dangelo, Intel Corp.; Rajeswari Sundararajan, Arizona State University; Narciso Macia, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-551: A NOVEL APPROACH TO SIMULATING FACTORY CONTROLSYSTEM PROBLEMS THROUGH A PC AND FOUR MICROCONTROLLERSDaniel Dangelo, Intel Corp. Daniel Dangelo is a Test R & D Engineer at Intel Corporation in Chandler Arizona. He manages the CPU Low Cost Burn In Equipment New Product Extensions Development Working Group and provides electrical design and validation support. Dan has worked at four other technology companies during his greater than nineteen years in the industry. Dan has four patents pending and published five papers. Dan received his Master of Science in Technology and Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Arizona State University and Associate of

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Design & Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Penrod, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

gear reducers which are offered in a variety of ratios andpower ratings, but share a common housing size.The line of gear reducers used to develop the individualized specifications was the Link-Belt®Type D (i.e. double reduction), size DDI (i.e. the housing size and style), in-line, helical gearreducers. b Technical data for these units are contained on pages F-23 through F-30, F-35, and F-47 of the Link-Belt® catalog2. Table 1 provides a summary of the pertinent performance datafor models having ratios up to 25.6 and Figure 1 contains a plot of the data with a smooth curvefitted through the data points.Nominal Train Value 6.2 7.6 9.3 11.4 13.9 17.1 20.9 25.6Input Power (hp

Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration & Applications in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-2417: UTILIZING COLLABORATION FOR A REAL WORLDENGINEERING EDUCATIONWilliam Loendorf, Eastern Washington University WILLIAM R. LOENDORF obtained his B.Sc. in Engineering Science at the University of Wisconsin - Parkside, M.S. in Electrical Engineering at Colorado State University, and M.B.A. at the Lake Forest Graduate School of Management. He holds a Professional Engineer certification and was previously an Engineering Manager at Motorola. His interests include engineering management, real-time embedded systems, and digital signal processing.Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University DONALD C. RICHTER obtained his B. Sc. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from the

Conference Session

Electrical ET Projects and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Asgill, Southern Polytechnic State University; Thomas Fallon, Southern Polytechnic State University; Walter E. Thain Jr.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-2160: DEVELOPING A CAPSTONE COURSE FORTELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYAustin Asgill, Southern Polytechnic State University Dr Austin B. Asgill received his B.Eng.(hons) (E.E.) degree from Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, his M.Sc. (E.E.) degree from the University of Aston in Birmingham and his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of South Florida. He is an Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology at Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU). Prior to joining the faculty at SPSU, he was an Associate Professor of Electronic Engineering Technology at Florida A&M University (FAMU), where he served as Program

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University; Jay Porter, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. 565-570. 3. Creed, C.J., Suuberg, E.M., Crawford, G.P., “Engineering Entrepreneurship: An Example of A Paradigm Shift in Engineering Education,” Journal of Engineering Education, April 2002, pp. 185-195. 4. Porter, J.R., Zoghi, B., Morgan, J.A., “Integrating Project Management into the Capstone Senior Design Course,” 2002 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference, Montreal, Canada, June 16-19, 2002 5. Morgan, J.A.., Wright, G., Porter, J.R., “Managing Senior Design Projects to Maximize Success: The TAT Team,” 2005 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference, Portland, Oregon, June 12

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Alvarado, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

into Higher Education, Surrey (1984).5. R. P. Foley, Review of the literature on PBL in the clinical setting. The Journal of the American Medical Association. v278, n9, p.696B (1997).6. S. Mehta, Quantitative and qualitative assessment of using PBL in a Mechanical Measurements class. Proceedings of the 2002 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Session 1566. Albuquerque, NM (2002).7. L. W. Lee, and T. Ceylan, Implementation of design in applied thermodynamics Course. Proceedings of the 2001 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Session 2633. Albuquerque, NM (2001).8. D. R. Brodeur, P. W. Young, and K. B. Blair, Problem-based learning in aerospace engineering education. Proceedings of the 2002 ASEE Annual

Conference Session

Design in Manufacturing

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mean-Shang Chen, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Page 11.1183.3 (a) (b) Figure 2Synthesis of a Crank-Rocker MechanismAnother four-bar mechanism is illustrated in Figure 3. The crank-rocker mechanism consists ofa crank (O2B), a connecting rod (BC), and an oscillating arm (O4C). The arm oscillates when thecrank rotates 360°. The length of the arm is100 mm and the horizontal distance between the twofixed pivots (O2O4) is 160 mm. The mechanism to be designed has a time ratio of 1.16, anoscillating angle of 75° for the arm, and an angle of 40° from the left extreme position of the armto the horizontal. Figure 3Figure 4a depicts the two extreme positions of

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Amos, Michigan Technological University; Michael Powers, Michigan Technological University; Guy Hembroff, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-630: THE ENTERPRISE PROGRAM: A VERTICALLY INTEGRATEDENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUMScott Amos, Michigan Technological University SCOTT J. AMOS is a Professor and Dean of the School of Technology at Michigan Technological University. He earned a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Utah,an MSEE from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and a PhD in Civil Engineering from the University of Florida.Michael Powers, Michigan Technological University MICHAEL N. POWERS is an Assistant Professor in Electrical Engineering Technology at MTU. He earned a BS in Mathematical Sciences from the USCGA in New London, CT and his MSEE from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA

Conference Session

Electrical ET Projects and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Joanne DeGroat, Ohio State University; Scott Amos, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

11.108.6References:1. K. Compton and S. Hauk, “Reconfigurable Computing: A Survey of Systems and Software,” ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 34, June 2002, pp. 171-210.2. A. L. Slade, B. E. thNelson, and B. L. Hutchings, “Reconfigurable Computing Application Frameworks,” Proceeding of the 11 Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM), April 20033. W. J. Dally and C. L. Seitz., “The Torus Routing Chip,” Journal of Distributed Computing, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1986, pp. 187-196.4. S. Hauk, “The Future of Reconfigurable Systems,” 5th Canadian Conference on Field Programmable Devices, June 1998.5. M. B. Taylor et al., “The RAW microprocessor: A computational Fabric for Software circuits and General-Purpose

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Design & Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Cooley, Purdue University-New Albany; Terrence O'Connor, Purdue University-New Albany

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

are facing the same direction. The usual application of this part is to sense alight reflection from a surface. In this application two QRB 1134s are set up opposite each otherwith the opposing sensor reversed from its partner sensor so that the photo emitter on sensor "A"faces the photo reflector of sensor "B" and the photo emitter of sensor "B" faces the photodetector sensor "A". This method allows for two sets of detector- emitter pairs facing each otherand only one is needed, so the second is disconnected. Connected in the manner described thereis one IR beam which is used to detect the passing of the projectile. The first of these twoQRB1134 pairs is used to detect the projectile at the first point, starting a counter circuit and

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Neff, Purdue University-Calumet; Susan Scachitti, Purdue University-Calumet; Lash Mapa, Purdue University-Calumet; James Higley, Purdue University-Calumet; Mohammad Zahraee, Purdue University-Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

% 50 30 20 0 0 4.3materials from a combination of sources, including tables, exhibits)drawings, text, and imported graphics. How well did thecourse meet this objective? b Apply knowledge 1.2 Math & Science(4) A specific objective of this course is to communicate and e Teamwork 3.4 Assist Others in Groups Team Assignment NA 30 40 20 10 0 3.9work effectively with others to accomplish set tasks and (part

Conference Session

Assessment & TC2K Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Khan, DeVry University-Addison; Robert Lawrence, DeVry University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

competences, and (b) validate thatstudents are achieving course and program objectives.The senior project is a two-semester course sequence in which the students synthesizetheir previous coursework. Students are required to plan, design, implement, document,and present the solution to a software/hardware engineering problem.Faculty use rubrics for the assessment of project proposal development in the eightsemester and for project implementation in form of prototype development anddemonstration in the ninth semester. Feedback from the rubrics is used to take correctiveaction to improve the course sequences, program objectives, and instructional delivery.I. IntroductionA rubric is an assessment tool that allows instructors to enhance the quality of

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Industrial Technology

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ranjeet Agarwala, East Carolina University; Tarek Abdel-Salam, East Carolina University; Craig Sanders, East Caroilina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

re-align their own working relationships in response to changes in theirteam members’ cultural norms and work styles.The performances of every student in the class were assessed, as shown in Table 3.Figure 5 presents the grade distribution of the class. It was observed that 21% of Assessment Exams 50 % Quizzes 10% Lab Assignments 30 % Class Attendance 10% Table 3: Student (Course) assessmentthe students obtained “A”, 25% “B”, 42% “C” , 8

Conference Session

Non-Technical Skills in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Brown, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Richard Pfile, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-2287: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A ONE CREDIT ETHICS COURSE FORENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYJames Brown, Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisRichard Pfile, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Page 11.1273.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 The Development of a One Credit Ethics course for Engineering TechnologyINTRODUCTIONThere is a high demand in engineering and technology for coursework in engineering ethics dueto the ABET requirements which stem from society’s changes of culture and core values. ABET“a-k” requirements are driving the necessity for cross-cultural ethical dilemmas to be

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Bruce Gehrig, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Anthony Brizendine, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-1999: TC2K: A SUCCESSFUL WORKING MODEL FOR CONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTDavid Cottrell, University of North Carolina-Charlotte DR. DAVID S. COTTRELL is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1978 and retired in 2000 after more than 22 years of service with the US Army Corps of Engineers. Studies at Texas A&M University resulted in an MS Degree in Civil Engineering in 1987 and a PhD in 1995. He is a registered Professional Engineer and has taught courses in statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, graphic communications, engineering economy, and construction

Conference Session

Computer ET Projects and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yong-Kyu Jung, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

order to take the laboratory practice beyond simulation to actual hardware implementation,FPGA-based debugging tools are necessary [8]. As illustrated in figure 2, the RTL emulationtool was developed for the new laboratory exercises, so that students can explore contemporarydesign environments including vendors and in-house simulation and emulation tools. Eventually,they will be able to verify their processor systems quickly and precisely. An RTL processorsystem is configured in an FPGA (a). Both instruction/data buses and control signals in FPGAare interfaced to the emulation engine (b) through the noise rejecting, shielded I/O connectionboxes (c). (c) (b

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohan Ketkar, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Technology program must demonstrate that graduates have: (a) an appropriate mastery of the knowledge, techniques, skills and modern tools of their disciplines, (b) an ability to apply current knowledge and adapt to emerging applications of mathematics, science, engineering and technology, (c) an ability to conduct, analyze and interpret experiments and apply experimental results to improve processes, (d) an ability to apply creativity in the design of systems, components or processes appropriate to program objectives, (e) an ability to function effectively on teams, (f) an ability to identify, analyze and solve technical problems, (g) an ability to communicate effectively

Conference Session

ECET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isaac Flory, Old Dominion University; Christian Hearn, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

rolling average in Figure 3indicates an overall improvement in attendance.Figures 2 and 4 present the data collected for Class B. This section was not informed of thefrequency of quizzes other than by general statements that were made in the syllabus and verbalstatements made during the initial class meeting. The students knew that quizzes would begiven, but there was no indication that the frequency of these events would be variable. Theattendance was relatively steady during the period leading up to the first test, after which it beganto drop significantly as shown in Figure 4. The minimum attendance is reached during this firstperiod, when the frequency of quizzes was at a high for the term. After the second test the

Conference Session

Diversity, Recruiting, and Retention in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aram Agajanian, DeVry University-Chicago; George Morgan, Colorado State University; William M. Timpson, Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

demands for the 21st century predicted by the United States Bureau of LaborStatistic be met1.DelimitationsThe sample for data collection is delimited to electronics students at DeVry University’s Chicagoarea campuses. Electronics students are sampled from the five trimesters of Electronics andComputer technology (ECT) and nine trimesters of EET/CET departments.Research QuestionsThe following are the research questions for the proposed study: 1. On self-confidence: a. Is there a significant difference between the genders of students in electronics programs at DeVry University’s Chicago area campuses in regard to self- confidence? b. Is there a significant difference between the program levels in electronics

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Design Projects in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jyhwen Wang, Texas A&M University; Steve Liu, Texas A&M University; Angie Hill Price

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. As the computer science students generally have limited experience inmechanical system design and fabrication, it was believed that the marionette system could beimproved with the involvement of MMET students. (a) Front view (b) Side view Figure 1 The marionette prototype developed by CPCS 462 studentsInterdisciplinary CollaborationRecognizing the students from different programs can have complementary skills, the Page 11.1267.4interdisciplinary collaboration was organized to develop a marionette system from scratch. Theproject consisted of three major components: 1) mechanical

Conference Session

Diversity, Recruiting, and Retention in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Ratcliff, Purdue University-Columbus/SE Indiana; Joseph Fuehne, Purdue University-Columbus/SE Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. 2005 Outlook for Indianapolis and Marion County, Indiana Business Review, Indiana Business Research Center, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Carol O. Rogers, editor, Vol. 78, No. 4, http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2003/outlook04/columbus.html2. County Profiles, A component of STATS Indiana, Indiana Department of Workforce Development, Maintained by Indiana Business Research Center at Indiana University’s Kelley School of Business, www.stats.indiana.edu3. Meridian Kessler Neighborhood Association, Indianapolis, Indiana, www.mkna.org4. Fuehne, J., Phillips, J., and Neth, B., Using a Foundation Grant to Introduce Technology Through the Local K- 12 School System, Proceeds of the Frontiers in Education Conference

Conference Session

Electromechanical & Manufacturing ET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shuping Wang, University of North Texas; Vijay Vaidyanathan, University of North Texas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

., Trigaud, T., and Moliton, J. P., “Optical waveguides etched in 6FDA-ODA by focused ion beam ,” Synthetic Metals, Vol. 124, 1, pp. 33-35, 20016 Shew, B., Huang, T., Liu, K., and Chou, C., “Oxygen quenching effect in ultra-deep x-ray lithography with SU-8 resist,” J. Micromech. Microeng., 14, pp. 410–414, 20047 Marques, C., Desta, Y. M., Rogers, J., Murphy, M. C., Kelly, K., “Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures on planar and nonplanar surfaces using a modified LIGA process,” J. Microelectromech. Syst., 6 4, pp. 329–336, 19978 Krchnavek, R. R., Lalk, G. R., and Hartman, D. H., “Laser direct writing of channel waveguides using spin-on polymers,” J. Appl. Phys., 66, pp. 5156 – 5160, 19899 Eldada, L., Xu