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Displaying results 36811 - 36840 of 49050 in total
Conference Session
Attracting and Retaining Students in Civil Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rhonda K. Young, University of Wyoming; Kristen L. Sanford P.E., Lafayette College; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Andrea Bill, University of Madison, Wisconsin; Michael Kyte, University of Idaho, Moscow; Kevin Heaslip, Utah State University; David S. Hurwitz, Oregon State University; Shashi S. Nambisan, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
in this effort, including further development and assessment,are explored.

Introduction
Transportation engineering workforce development at the university level is commonlypromoted through civil engineering programs. Nearly all of the nation’s 224 civil engineeringprograms have one or two required transportation courses as part of their undergraduateprogram.1 For some civil engineering sub-disciplines, such as geotechnical, materials, structures,and hydraulics, a logical sequence of required prerequisite courses leads to the required courses.For other disciplines, such as transportation, the logic and sequence is less clear. A lack of clarityand connection with other sub-disciplines pose significant challenges for faculty, students
Conference Session
Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University; Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; Radian G. Belu, Drexel University; Eric Carr, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
effective pathway to Page 22.76.2instructing students in producing novel solutions to technical problems in a systematic way.IntroductionRapid changes in Engineering Technology (ET) area require new and improved strategies inengineering technology education 1, 2. The general trend of today’s ET education is movingrapidly to project based learning. More than ever, the educational approach is leaning towardsmeeting the demands of industrial world in terms of skills development and degrees offered. ETcurricula need to adapt to emerging technologies by enabling students to acquire meaningful andrelevant practices. New courses based on novel approaches
Conference Session
SPECIAL SESSION: Interdisciplinary Course Design Opportunities for Chemical Engineers
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William J. Kelly, Villanova University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
instructors were in attendance at most/all of the classroom sessions, to promoteand maximize interdisciplinary information exchange and discussion.Evaluation of student performanceThe grading for the course is shown in the following Table 1 % of total Grade Class participation 15 Quiz (Exam) #1 20 Quiz (Exam) #2 20 Mid-semester Project - oral presentation 15 Final Project - oral presentation 10 --- - Report 20
Conference Session
Project-Based Learning
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald R. Ulseth, Iron Range Engineering; Jefferey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University; Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Dan Ewert, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Iron Range Engineering; Bart M. Johnson, Itasca Community College
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
Page 22.78.2professional and technical skills needed to "create, develop, lead, and manage in a widerange of enterprises that result in sustainable and enhanced economic regionaldevelopment through their disciplinary expertise."3The agency is funding the program at approximately $1 million per year to educateentering cohorts of 25 students through the two year experience. Graduating engineersfrom the program are expected to have experiences that would provide them with theexpertise to serve the industries of the region, contribute as entrepreneurs in the region, orleave the region and serve society in any of the capacities expected of engineersgraduating at the nation's colleges.Minnesota State University Mankato and Itasca Community College
Conference Session
Teaching Circuit Theory and Electronics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daren Reed Wilcox, Southern Polytechnic State University; Gerd Walter Wöstenkühler, University of Applied Sciences, Hochschule Harz
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
equipment: DCpower supply, digital multimeter, synthesized function generator, and digital oscilloscope (seeFigure 1). The least expensive is the breadboard (see Figure 2). The student assembles theelectronic devices on the breadboard. The breadboard provides a simple mechanism toelectrically interconnect the electronic devices. The top surface of the breadboard has 22 AWGgauge holes to insert the pins of the electronic device. The holes are referred to as contact pointsor tie points. Underneath the surface of the breadboard are strips of metal that form an electricalnode. The metal strip has spring clips that hold the inserted wire in place. The spacing betweenholes is 2.54 mm or 0.1 inch. The node can be extended by daisy chaining 22 AWG wire to
Conference Session
Curricular Developments in Energy Education I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Hayrettin B. Karayaka, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi; Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Korinne Caruso, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
Protection SystemsAll three on-site courses are senior elective level courses to define “power emphasis” in theprogram, particularly, in Electrical Engineering Technology.The certificate courses also include additional two on-line courses that are offered by NPI. Thesecourses are selected with advising faculty’s guidance from the online course offerings providedby NPI which include: 1. Nuclear Power Plant Fundamentals 2. Nuclear Power Plant Systems – PWR (Pressurized Water Reactors) 3. Nuclear Power Plant Systems – BWR (Boiling Water Reactors) 4. Nuclear Power Plant Operations 5. Human Performance for Nuclear Power Plant EngineersThese certificate courses can be taken as electives by mechanical engineering and engineeringtechnology
Conference Session
Collaborative Learning, Project-Based, Service Learning, and Impacts on Engineering Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Russell Korte, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Bruce Elliott-Litchfield, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Laura D. Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Aaron Daniel Lewicki, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Valeri Werpetinski, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Seung Won Hong, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Divisions
International
students.IntroductionFor some time there have been calls for improving the methods and content of engineeringeducation. These calls stem from concerns that the typical engineering curricula are notproviding students with experiences that enable them to acquire the competencies andprofessionalism required by the profession in the global 21st century. 1, 2 To address theseconcerns, some educators advocate for a more holistic curriculum and more practical experiencesthat can enhance student engagement and better prepare them for professional practice. 1 Otherspropose increasing the social interaction and development of students via collaborative,integrative learning experiences that allow them to develop a deeper understanding ofengineering and enhance their
Conference Session
Tablet PC use in Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chia-Keng Lee, University of California, Riverside; Thomas Stahovich, University of California, Riverside; Robert C. Calfee, University of California, Riverside
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
valuable for learning Statics.IntroductionIntelligent tutoring systems have long been a focus of research, with applications spanninga wide range of subjects such as computer programming,1 law,2 medicine,3 physics,4 andStatics.5 Most current systems rely on traditional WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus,Pointer) user interfaces. While such interfaces may be useful in some domains, they haveclear limitations. For example, they are typically not well-suited for instruction in domainsin which solutions require complex graphics. Engineering Statics is one such domain.Solving Statics problems requires the construction of free body diagrams and equilibriumequations, two tasks which are difficult to perform with a mouse and keyboard.Here we present our efforts
Conference Session
Innovations in Teaching: Mechanics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jim M. Papadopoulos, University of Wisconsin - Stout; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Vincent C. Prantil, Milwaukee School of Engineering
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
potential of the available tools throughout all of the formative phases of thecurriculum. Based on evidence from experience, we advocate for a new, consistent approach ofearly and continued exposure to FEA, beginning with the freshmen year, and continuing withsubsequent mechanics courses, in which students can learn and interpret results of FEA, withoutrequiring deep instruction in the underlying FE theory. We further argue that this concurrentFEA usage will improve students‟ understanding of mechanics theory and practice. We hope thatthis paper may provide a foundation and justification for considering the use of professionalsoftware in engineering education.1. IntroductionProfessional quality software for Finite Element Analysis is now routinely
Conference Session
DEED Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Bryce Holloway, U.S. Air Force Academy; Daniel D. Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kristin L. Wood, University of Texas, Austin; Al Mundy, U.S. Air Force Academy; Bradley Adam Camburn, University of Texas, Austin
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
defined as the ability to easily be moved or carried1. A key component of manymilitary systems is their ability to be quickly assembled/disassembled, moved to differentlocations, and to use minimum manpower and equipment in order to accomplish the mission.One problem in redesigning systems to increase portability is that there is not currently anestablished rubric for measuring portability. The portability of a system is a function of severaldifferent aspects. We have developed a rubric to measure a system’s portability. The rubricincludes 18 parameters (Table 1) as discussed in detail below.In order to use the rubric, each of the 18 portability measures identified above is quantified forthe system(s) being evaluated. This information can then be
Conference Session
Computer Science Applications
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dan Li, Northern Arizona University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
learningof the core data mining topics including data preprocessing, association mining,classification, cluster analysis, text mining, and visualization. The open-source datamining tool, RapidMiner, is introduced to assist students to explore and digest variousdata mining processes and algorithms. Overall, the hands-on experience provides studentsa better insight into data mining functions.1. IntroductionThe explosion of very large databases has created extraordinary opportunities formonitoring, analyzing and predicting global economical, geographical, demographic,medical, political, and other processes in the world. Statistical analysis and data miningtechniques have emerged for these purposes. Data mining is the process of discoveringpreviously
Conference Session
Engineering Mathematical Potpourri
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jean Hodges, Virginia Commonwealth University, Qatar
Tagged Divisions
Mathematics
, curriculum theorists, instructional researchers, and specialists in testing and assessment led by Lorin Anderson, one of Bloom‟s former students, published an updated version of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The revised version modified terminology, structure, and emphasis of the original taxonomy (see Figure 1) to provide “ „a clear
Conference Session
DEED Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Harry B. Santoso, Utah State University; Raymond E. Boyles, Utah State University; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Wade H. Goodridge, Utah State University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
design activity is a complexand methodology-based task which requires the student to follow specified processes and usestrategies. Consequently, research on metacognition in engineering design activity tends to applya mixed-methods approach because of the complex nature of the field.Interviews, most often used in qualitative-based research, are also valuable in a mixed-methodstudy. Interviews provide researchers an opportunity to confirm collected data from other data-collection techniques with the study participants. Table 1 below shows the sample distribution of Page 22.87.3engineering design studies in the Journal of Engineering Education
Conference Session
Innovations in Teaching: Mechanics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David B. Lanning, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
the sample Page 22.88.3skills are: a) Calculate the reactions at the supports of a simply-supported beam with arbitrary loading. b) Calculate the location of a centroid in a composite area. c) Calculate the area moment of inertia with respect to the centroid of a composite area. d) Predict the shape of shear force diagrams for a given loading on a beam. e) Predict the shape of a moment diagram for a given shear force diagram.Figure 1 shows a question from the practice test. This question corresponds to one of thespecific skills given in the list immediately above. Which of the following diagrams best shows the
Conference Session
ECE Division Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nuri Yilmazer, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Muhittin Yilmaz, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Remzi Seker, University of Arkansas, Little Rock
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
and their usage in DLD courses.The samples of the representative assignments given in basic activities are described below.They are given to improve the students' understanding of the synthesis of logic functions byusing Product-of-Sums (POS) and Sum-of-Products (SOP) simplification as well as theirsimplified implementation by utilizing Karnaugh-map or Boolean algebra. • Design the simplest circuit that has five inputs; a, b, c, d and e which produces an output value of 1 whenever exactly three or four of the input variables have the value 1; otherwise output will be 0. • Design a logic circuit that will implements the function f (a , b, c ) = ∑ m (1,2, 4,5,6 )After completing the first
Conference Session
Teaching Circuit Theory and Electronics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James W. Bales, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
week forthe first two sections of the term.Section 1: Let's Build!Week 1. On the first evening of class the students are shown the instructor's first-generation iPod,which has no external volume control. We connect the iPod to external speakers (e.g., those for adesktop computer) and draw the connections on the board. The instructor then takes a stick ofgraphite and draws heavy streak (~1-inch-wide and ~6-inches-long) down a sheet of paper. TheiPod output is connected across the ends of the streak. One speaker lead is attached to one end ofthe graphite streak, while the other is slid along the graphite, causing the sound level of thespeaker to rise and fall (Figure 1). These connections are then sketched on the board, andstudents (typically
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steve Warren, Kansas State University; Xiongjie Dong, Kansas State University; Tim J. Sobering, Kansas State University; Jason Yao, East Carolina University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
facility partially funded by the National Science Foundation that provides resources for the research and development of distributed medical monitoring technologies and learning tools that support biomedical contexts. His research focuses on (1) plug-and-play, point-of- care medical monitoring systems that utilize interoperability standards, (2) wearable sensors and signal processing techniques for the determination of human and animal physiological status, and (3) educational tools and techniques that maximize learning and student interest. Dr. Warren is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.Xiongjie Dong, Kansas State UniversityTim J. Sobering
Conference Session
Pedagogical Innovations in Laboratory Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brian P. Sangeorzan, Oakland University; Matthew Nathaniel Bruer, Oakland University; Laila Guessous, Oakland University; Xia Wang, Oakland University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
energy in a gallon of gasoline (Table 1), and Page 22.92.3asked to estimate the maximum fuel flow rate required, and the period or frequency of injectionsat rated speed. These calculations would be done prior to conducting the lab experiments. Table 1. Approximate Properties of Gasoline1 Density 760 kg/m3 Lower Heating Value (LHV) 44.0 MJ/kgAs an example of some fuel flow estimates and timing requirements, consider the followingexample of a 3.5 L, V6 engine found in a 2011 sport utility vehicle. This particular engine israted at 290 hp, at 6500
Conference Session
Mechanical and Architectural Engineering Laboratories
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Robin Kizirian, Drexel University; Brittany Killen, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
drivers, opening a worksheet andrecording the collected data in it. In order to effectively demonstrate this program, many testsusing different variable types had been run to show the accuracy and repeatability of the robotthrough offsets6-13. This test is very useful for calibrating the robot on an Internet basis and beingable to record data in real-time without having to be in the same location as the robot or theMP2000 Readout Controller. Furthermore, it helps with the improvement of Internet-basedcontrols with the Yamaha Robot (Figure 1). This project enhances the students’ programmingcapabilities and understanding of the accuracy parameters in the Robotics and Mechatronicsfields. The students learned the basic steps of connection-oriented
Conference Session
Engineering as the STEM Glue
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ben Pelleg, Drexel University; David Urias, Drexel University; Adam K. Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Ph.D., Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
enhance the program’s performance while summative analysis to measurethe final impact of the program. The evaluation methods used consisted of both qualitative andquantitative methods. The qualitative methods included observations, open-ended surveys,structured discussions, informal interviews, and peer evaluations. Quantitative data wascollected using paper-based surveys employing a Likert scale of 1-4 with 4 being the highest.The middle school students involved in the program were given a survey at the beginning of theschool year and one at the end. The surveys consisted of both open and closed ended questionswhich examined the student’s knowledge, interest, and attitude toward engineering. The detailsof the students’ evaluation were previously
Conference Session
Two-Year College Special Topics Potpourri
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Dowling, University of Southern Queensland
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
being reviewed, defines 10 levels of qualifications,from the Certificate I, at Level 1, through to the Doctor of Philosophy at Level 10. Twoqualifications are defined at Level 6 and both are two-year qualifications that are used to Page 22.95.2educate engineering technicians, who are referred to as engineering associates in Australia.Advanced Diploma programs are competency based and offered by VET institutions whilethe higher education Associate Degree programs were, until recently, only offered byuniversities. Graduates from these Level 6 qualifications ‘...will have broad knowledge andskills for paraprofessional, highly skilled work, and/or
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmed Cherif Megri, University of Wyoming
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
model, buthand craftsmanship is also necessary.The completed model is fully modular, designed to transport easily between variousfacilities. The usefulness of the model fulfilled many of the needs of the Chicago FireDepartment and City of Chicago as an educational tool within the fire department and forcommunity outreach.This project included: (1) Identification of the scale, materials, technologies, andstrategies for construction; (2) Physical mapping and computer modeling of thedowntown built environment; (3) Design of the physical model and computer/electroniccomponents; and (4) Construction of a reduced-area mock-up for final review andapproval by the City of Chicago. 1. IntroductionThis project was performed at Illinois Institute of
Conference Session
International Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Fakhteh Nakhavali, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Tagged Divisions
International
cultural misunderstanding. 1. Introduction The present study is within semantic – pragmatic framework. Over the years there has been aninterest in research about metaphors, idioms, and proverbs within different frameworks, but studies on Page 22.97.2 1animal expressions are few in both Persian and English. This research is an attempt to show somelingual misunderstandings through animal expressions. 2- Review of literature Below given a review of some linguistic researches on animal expressions: Fraser (1981, pp: 435-441) examined insulting animal expressions in different
Conference Session
Laboratories and Projects in BME
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
manyaspects of active and problem based learning (1, 3, 12, 25, 26, 27) and spanned the entiresemester. Although each of the references above presents various types of projects, noneare the unique combination of being student-driven, long-term, and targeted at thelearning of algorithmic thinking.Semester-Long ProjectThe computing project presented below was designed to focus on the learning ofalgorithmic thinking. As a team-based project could too easily allow one person to Page 22.98.3   2  perform the high-level algorithmic development and farm out the writing of
Conference Session
Female Faculty, Learning, NSF, and ABET Issues at Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College; Jerry O'Connor, San Antonio College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
program). Scores from the children’sevaluations were added as a bonus to each team. Page 22.99.4 Figure 1 Student Survey Results from Fall 2008 SemesterStudents completed an end-of-course survey comparing the projects and their value inrelation to their educational goals. The results are shown in graphs one to five and thestudents’ opinions are ranked from Strongly Agree (4 points) to Strongly Disagree (0 points). Figure 2 Student Survey Results from Spring 2009 Semester Figure 3
Conference Session
Curricular Developments in Energy Education I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
graduate and undergraduate engineering students. Job and long-termcareer opportunities for recent graduates involved with the energy program are also discussed.Lastly, a discussion is included regarding what changes and additions that are planned for theenergy program at Lawrence Tech to keep the program vibrant and adapting to the ongoingknowledge and understanding needs of today’s engineering graduates.1) BackgroundIn the early spring of 2003 Lawrence Technological University (also known as Lawrence Tech)submitted a proposal to NextEnergy (a nonprofit corporation created by the State of Michiganwith the mission to support and promote alternative energy within the State of Michigan) andwas awarded one of five $100,000 grants in early summer 2003
Conference Session
Engineering Mechanics Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
calculations.IntroductionStudent conceptual learning can be significantly enhanced by providing opportunities forstudents to see and feel the effects of their theoretical analysis. (1) This means more than justenhanced computer-based presentations. It means hands-on (physical or virtual) projects wherethe students get to directly test the theories given in textbooks and lectures.At our university, a quarter-long mechanical engineering senior technical elective course coversintermediate topics in stress analysis, including energy methods (Castigliano’s and Rayleigh- Page 22.101.2Ritz), torsion of non-circular cross-sections, axisymmetric problems, plates, shells
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
R. Roemer, University of Utah; Debra J. Mascaro, University of Utah; Eric R. Pardyjak, University of Utah; Stacy Bamberg, University of Utah
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
sustainable energy theme in our new classes is that it provides a suite of relevant 1.applications that students are motivated to learn about. This pathway allows students tobe introduced to fundamental and applied thermal fluids science concepts while learningcore numerical methods material. Lectures and homework problems in this class includeapplications such as: fluid statics, compressed air storage, wave motion, drag force,optimizing flow in piping networks, and contaminant dispersion. In addition to usingsustainability to motivate various numerical techniques, we have also used it to introducethe more advanced concept of mathematical modeling of multi-process systems andselection of appropriate
Conference Session
Biological & Agricultural Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Josue Orellana, Washington State University; Fabiola Quiroa, Washington State University; Ala' Ibrahim Abu-Lail; Nehal I. Abu-lail, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Biological & Agricultural
22.103.2 Introduction Since the past decade, the awareness of utilizing engineering tools and principles to addressproblems in cellular biology has been continuously increasing 1. Motivated by such demands, acellular engineering sub-discipline has been incorporated in the curricula of many biomedicalengineering departments nation-wide 1. According to recommendations of the engineeringeducation summit sponsored by the Whitaker foundation in 2005, competent cellular engineersshould have a strong foundational knowledge in mathematics, possess appropriate engineeringskills, be well trained in cell biology and chemistry and have been exposed to manyinterdisciplinary topics. With such skills and backgrounds, cellular engineers are expected
Conference Session
Assessing Students and Programs
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christa Moll Weisbrook, University of Missouri; William Schonberg, Missouri University of Science & Technology
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
process that begins without apreconceived notion of what the final product should look like, and allows constituents to take amore meaningful and creative role in developing program educational objectives.To reiterate and paraphrase the governing constraints on program educational objectives, theymust be (1) based on the needs of the program’s constituents, (2) consistent with the mission ofthe institution, (3) consistent with the ABET criteria for engineering programs, (4) published, (5)periodically assessed to determine the degree to which they are attained, and (6) periodicallyreviewed for currency with regard to the needs of the program’s constituents. In addition, (7) allrelevant processes must be documented. A contingent constraint is that