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Displaying results 3661 - 3690 of 30666 in total
Collection
2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference
Authors
Chan-Jin Chung, Lawrence Technological University; Joshua E Siegel, Michigan State University; Mark Wilson, Michigan State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
-wire vehicles include developing intelligent ground vehicle systems funded by US Army/GVSC and providing research oppor- tunities in evaluating self-drive algorithms for undergraduates, funded by National Science Foundation (NSF).Prof. Joshua E Siegel, Michigan State UniversityMark Wilson, Michigan State University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Undergraduate Research Experiences for Automated and Connected Vehicle Algorithm Development using Real Vehicles Chan-Jin Chung Joshua Siegel Mark Wilson Department of Math and Department of Computer School of Planning, Design Computer Science
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Zbigniew J. Pasek, University of Windsor; Francine K. Schlosser, Odette School of Business, University of Windsor
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
offering a new product type that fits mass-customization markets ona global scale (e.g., has potential to be offered on multiple national markets). The team’s keytasks are to: 1. Develop initial product idea and its design, including possible product variations, 2. Outline the manufacturing processes and a system necessary to make the product, and 3. Prepare a business plan elements, which cover delivery, organization and cost issues. The course in its current form is designed to run on 12-week semester schedule typical inCanadian universities. The class meets three times a week: twice for 80-minutes lecture periodand for one 110-minutes tutorial session. The content of the course is outlined in Table 1.Figure 2 Integration of
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division New Ideas Session 1
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jameel Ahmed, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Renee D. Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; William A. Kline, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Robert M. Bunch, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Thomas W. Mason, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Michael Wollowski, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen A. Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Technology Tom Mason is Professor Emeritus of Economics and Engineering Management. After retiring from his 38 year career at Rose-Hulman in 2010, he continues part-time teaching of entrepreneurship, exploring innovation in engineering education and advising technology based start ups.Dr. Michael Wollowski, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Michael Wollowski obtained his undergraduate degree in Informatics from the University of Hamburg, Germany. He obtained M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from Indiana University in Bloom- ington, IN, USA. He studied under Jon Barwise and as part of his dissertation developed a diagrammatic proof system for planning in the blocks world of Artificial Intelligence. Michael is
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ruth E. H. Wertz, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Student
Smith, K., Sheppard, S., Johnson, D., & Johnson, R. 2005. Pedagogies ofenvironment engagement: classroom-based practices. Journal of Engineering Education,support learning? 94(1), 87-101.CAP Course ThemesThe backward design approach to course development outlined by Wiggins and McTighe1provided the structure of the CAP course. The backward design approach is described asbeginning the course design process with the end in mind. For example, Wiggins & MicTigherecommend that course development follow three stages:  Stage 1: Identify desired outcomes and curricular priorities (content)  Stage 2: Identify acceptable evidence of student learning (assessment)  Stage 3: Plan and develop instructional
Conference Session
Outreach to K-12 Females
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Ryan Smith, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Matthew Ryan Davidson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
the reliability and functionality of PRISM’s integrated Moo- dle Course Management System along with expanding the library of PRISM’s proprietary tools, which include the Materials library, Lesson Plan builder and hosts of other programs. Page 23.1337.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Using Social Networking to Mentor 9th-grade Girls for Academic Success and Engineering Career AwarenessIntroductionEMERGE (http://www.rose-prism.org/emerge) is a tele-mentoring program to enhance bothcareer awareness
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 1
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Wenhai Li, Farmingdale State College; Yue Hung, Farmingdale State College; Reiss Guttman, Farmingdale State College; Sen Zhang, State University of New York, Oneonta; Ning Yu, State University of New York, Brockport
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
)concepts, with a focus on practical applications in robotics and automation. Instead of diving deep intocomplex mathematics or programming, the module emphasizes the use of accessible AI tools, such ascomputer vision (CV), natural language processing (NLP), and reinforcement learning (RL), to solveengineering problems. By embedding the module into the robotics curriculum, students gain hands-onexperience applying AI to real-world challenges, preparing them for AI-driven roles in engineering. Thispaper details the design and implementation of the module, explores the challenges of adapting AIeducation for MET students, and discusses strategies to bridge gaps in their technical knowledge. We alsooutline an assessment plan for evaluating student
Conference Session
Engineering Engagement Activities
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohammad Moin Uddin P.E., East Tennessee State University; Keith V. Johnson, East Tennessee State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology Division (ETD)
Tennessee State University. He completed his undergraduate and Master’s Degree from North Carolina A&T State University and his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University. Dr. Johnson is responsible for the university’s equity and inclusion strategic plan. In his academic department, he is also responsible for nine undergraduate and graduate programs. He assures current and innovative academic curriculums and is responsible for maintaining program accreditations including the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and the Council for Interior Design (CIDA). Dr. Keith Johnson has been very active with the American Society for Engineering Education for 30 years. During his tenure, he served on the ASEE
Collection
2024 CIEC
Authors
Jay Porter; Alok Verma; Mohamed Gharib; Andrew Moore
ofcoursework and resources, a team was assembled to (i) develop a stand-alone degree plan thattakes more advantage of the curriculum already in place on the Galveston campus; (ii) leveragemain campus courses only when expertise does not already exist on Galveston campus; and (iii)support collaborative new course development through faculty teams on both campuses. Thispaper discusses the ongoing work developing the new curriculum, the problems this newpotential approach solves, and a model for future multi-campus curricular collaborations.IntroductionWith the increasing demand for engineers, universities must keep up with industry needs. Thus,in 2013, the College of Engineering at Texas A&M University set a goal to increase enrollmentto 25,000
Collection
2017 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Becky DeGreeff; Kathy Brockway; Troy Brockway; Sue Guzek; Fred Guzek
Communication courses broughtnew perspectives to the faculty team as well as to the students.The three-credit undergraduate level Communication Studies courses are offered every year,each coupled with an optional three-credit faculty-led study abroad Field Experience module.The four six-credit marketing and project based courses include faculty-led field trips abroad,and are offered in a two-year rotation. These four courses are available at both the graduate andundergraduate level. With the set rotation, students are able to plan for topics and study abroad destinations well in advance, further facilitating the customization of programs of study at
Collection
2017 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Charles Baukal
communicate effectively (k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practiceThere is increasingly more emphasis on including smaller and less comprehensive projects intraditional engineering courses to also meet some of these student outcomes which is what hasbeen done here.A semester-long design project was included as one of the requirements for a heat transfer coursein the spring 2017 semester. The textbook was Heat and Mass Transfer by Ҫengel and Ghajar(2015). According to de Graaff and Kolmos’ (2003) PjBL classifications, this project was a taskproject which is “characterized by a very high degree of planning and direction on the part of theteacher (teacher objectives) involving a
Collection
2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Vijay Kanabar; Carla Messikomer
revealed that PM courses exist in variousengineering disciplines ranging from computer and civil engineering to mechanical engineering.These courses could be stand-alone or integrated with other existing courses. They teachundergraduates several core project management concepts both from an applied and systemtheoretic point of view. Such courses typically have the following broad goals—providecomprehensive knowledge in the areas of project organization, project planning, project control,and project closing. An open ware hosted in the department of civil and environmentalengineering at MIT lists the following three course goals: 8  the theory, methods and quantitative tools used to effectively plan, organize, and control construction
Collection
2009 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Sarai Hedges
USI G SIX SIGMA FOR CO TI UOUS IMPROVEME T I E GI EERI G TECH OLOGY Sarai Hedges, MS Virginia Westheider, MA sarai.hedges@uc.edu virginia.westheider@uc.edu PO Box 210207 University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45221-0207 Abstract: A grassroots team at the College of Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, formed to use Six-Sigma methodology, an industry familiar process, to develop an improved assessment plan that is responsive to the ABET accreditation requirements. Using Six Sigma in the evaluation process fits nicely with the engineering technology programs and was
Collection
2011 Northeast Section Meeting
Authors
Christian Bach; Salvatore Belardo; Hassan Bajwa; Sahas Sakhare
of new systems is supported by IS staff.Items taken from: 9 [17]; 25 [21]; 5 [22]; Supporting sources: [15]7. The improvement of new systems development (with respect to user requests, updates, time, cost, quality, alignment).Items taken from: 12,14 [17]; 10,11,29,30,31,33,34,36,38,39 [21]; 32 [18]; Supporting sources: [1, 2, 15]8. High degree of interpersonal collaborative competence of IS staff.Items taken from: 2,3,(15) [17]; 5,6,7,8 [21]; 6 [22]; 30 [18]; Supporting sources: [15]9. Preparation of a strategic plan for developing IS.Items taken from: 19 [17]; 29,30,31,33,34,36,38,39 [21]; Supporting sources: [15, 24, 25]10. User understanding of systems.Items taken from: 16,27 [17]; 25,29,30,31,33,34,36,38,39 [21]; 4 [22]; 15 [18
Collection
2023 IL-IN Section Conference
Authors
Najmus Saqib
the following statements:(1 - Strongly Disagree, 2 - Disagree, 3 - Neutral, 4 - Agree, 5 - Strongly Agree, DNR - Do NotRemember) A) I had previously used concept maps before taking this course. B) The concept mapping activity was a group effort. C) The use of concept maps improved my learning experience in the course. D) The concept maps were a useful resource for exam study. E) I plan to use concept maps in the future. Table 2: Average Results of Likert Scale Survey Questions. Likert Scale Question Average Semester Sample Size A B C D E
Conference Session
Technical Session 11 - Paper 4: Living, Learning & Growing Together: Engineering Your World
Collection
2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)
Authors
Ana M Dison, University of Texas at Austin
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
= January-April before May 1 Deposit Deadline▪Emails, targeted newsletters, student written postcards, student phone calls, info sessions, campus visits▪YouTube channel playlist Application▪Online via Qualtrics▪Short answer or video uploads to ‘essay’ type questions 1)Tell us why you feel you are a good candidate for membership into the LLC 2)Talk about your commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion and what you can bring to the community 3)Describe your current academic interests and how you plan to explore those interests at the university next year Selection▪Application review & selection happens after the enrollment deposit deadline (May 2-15)▪Inform students before New Student
Conference Session
NOTE NEW TIMESLOT: Technical Session 7 - Paper 1: Auto-ethnographic Reflections : Lessons from Leading a STEM Initiative for Girls in School While We Ourselves Were in School
Collection
2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)
Authors
Kayli Heather Battel, Tufts University; Kritin Mandala, Saguaro High School; Sreyoshi Bhaduri, Society of Women Engineers; Natalie Anna Foster, Sisters in STEM - Saguaro High School; Lilianny Virguez, University of Florida; Lissa Erickson, Battel Engineering; Krishna Pakala, Boise State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
and part of Sisters in STEM. Finally, we willend the paper with a set of recommendations for future leaders and young STEMinists looking tomake a difference.So let’s get started and learn more about the initiative we founded, ran, and learned from –Sisters in STEM. The Sisters in STEM (SIS) program was launched in fall of 2018 as a response to theunexpected cancellation of an annual Girl Power event hosted by a local community college.Three young women leaders in FRC Robotics approached Saguaro High School’s leadershipwith a plan: Create a separate event, encompassing all STEM disciplines, to provide an outreachvenue for young girls in the Scottsdale and surrounding regions. With 3 weeks to plan, thefounders developed a suite of age
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Integrated Engineering and Interdisciplinary Impacts
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohammed K Faris, University of Mosul / Iraq; Charles Pierce, University of South Carolina; Gurcan Comert
(UofSC),which is located within 2 miles. BC offers ten STEM-related baccalaureate degrees, includingfour engineering degree programs. Students in engineering, computing, mathematics, andsciences were recruited to work in interdisciplinary teams on a research problem associated withautonomous vehicles. A civil engineering professor at BC, whose expertise is in transportationengineering, supervised all student teams. A civil engineering professor at UofSC supported thedevelopment and implementation of a problem-based learning research environment.The program was designed to be in alignment with institutional strategic plans at BenedictCollege. One of the institutional objectives is to increase student learning outcomes. Two of thestrategies for
Conference Session
WIED: Partnering with and Supporting the WIED Community
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Camila Zapata, Universidad Andres Bello; Maria Elena Truyol, Universidad Andres Bello
Paper ID #36799Factors identifying commitment to gender equality in aSchool of EngineeringCamila Zapata Master in Marketing and Market Research from the University of Barcelona, Spain. Industrial Civil Engineer from the Universidad del Bío-Bío. She has three diplomas in the areas of coaching, digital marketing and equality and empowerment of women. Her professional experience is linked to higher education as a project engineer and university management in the public and private area. Teacher at different universities in matters of entrepreneurship, business plans and marketing. She currently works as a teacher and
Collection
2023 Rocky Mountain Section Conference
Authors
Barbara Sobhani; Veronica Corral Flores; Victor Andersen
flexible thinking required in integrative learning environments • Work collaboratively with persons from different fields of specialization in diverse, cross disciplinary teams to analyze and/or solve applied, real-world issues and problems • Apply the tools (methodologies/content/skills) of multiple disciplines to analyze and/or solve complex issues and problems • Effectively communicate the methods, techniques, and findings of original research or design in a professional setting • Demonstrate the ability to design, plan, and execute an original research or design project in the appropriate discipline or interdisciplinary field
Conference Session
S2A: Workshop III
Collection
14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference
Authors
Todd R Hamrick, West Virginia University; Atheer Almasri, West Virginia University; Carter Hulcher, West Virginia University; Xinyu Zhang, West Virginia University; Akua B. Oppong-Anane, West Virginia University
Tagged Topics
Workshops
together towards a common goal, educators can share ideas, resources and strategies. ○ A team structure collaboration fosters a supportive environment in which educators can learn from each other, provide feedback, and improve teaching practice together. ○ A team structure also enables the exchange of best practices and innovative approaches that lead to better research outcomes. Implementing Team Teaching Methods● Joint planning Facilitate collaborative lesson planning sessions. ○ Distribute planning work by assigning specific tasks to different team members. ○ Learn how to share assessment data, analyze results, and give feedback to students. ○ Discuss strategies for monitoring student learning
Collection
14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference
Authors
Evelyn Walters, Temple University; Cory Budischak, Temple University; Shawn Fagan, Temple University
choice actions. Choice goals have been defined as “the typeof activity or career one wishes to pursue and performance goals as the level or quality ofperformance one plans to achieve within a given task or domain” [3]. Furthermore, as studentsestablish a set of beliefs about the consequences related to an engineering degree, they begin todevelop goals directed towards these outcomes and formulate a plan to achieve their goals [4].Using the SCCT model as a guiding theoretical framework, this study seeks to understand how aprofessional networking intervention in a first-year Introduction to Engineering course affects astudent’s engineering outcome expectations and their engineering choice goals.MethodologyAs part of a first-year general
Conference Session
Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Iftekhar Ibne Basith, Sam Houston State University; Vajih Khan, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Sumith Yesudasan, Sam Houston State University; Melinda Holt; James Harper; kevin lord
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)
the new concentration will be in effect from Fall 2023 or latestFall 2024 to recruit new students. The plan for assessment for this new concentration is bifold. We expect to invitean external reviewer from similar program and concentration to review our curriculum progress and provide usfeedback. In addition, we plan to monitor the enrollment numbers to see if it reflects what the market study shows.The expected enrollment is 50-60 students and gradually increasing. The committee will continue to meet at leastonce or twice in a semester to follow the progress of the proposed concentration. Once the concentration is approvedunder the general ETEC program, the department plans to apply for Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology, Inc
Conference Session
Engineering Management Division (EMD) Tech Session 3: Engineering Management — From Classroom to Practice
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Derek Hillestad Ph.D, Arizona State University; Rebecca Kassa, The University of Kansas
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Management Division (EMD)
practice.Organizations use the Facility Condition Assessment (FCA) for financial and operational strategicplanning. An FCA facilitates; knowledge management of assets under ownership, riskmanagement, capital planning, and real estate decisions [23]. FCA practice includes architectural,mechanical, electrical and structural engineering disciplines towards an integrated engineeringpractice for buildings. Further, the increasingly complex software and digital operation ofbuildings includes software and technological engineering including digital twins, AI interfaces,and Building Information Modeling (BIM), and other built environment advances. [1]. Currently,there is no research associated with engineering education and the practice of FCA’s. As a startingpoint
Conference Session
Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amy Adkins, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Naji S. Husseini, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Lianne Cartee, North Carolina State University at Raleigh
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)
second draft that received in-person, one-on-one feedback. The one-on-one feedbackwas either given by the instructor of record or the graduate teaching assistant who had both ascience and technical writing background. The students then rewrote and submitted a finalversion of the section. This process was repeated for each scientific section covered by thecourse. Each course taken by Group A (FA22, SP23) covered different writing sections(Biomechanics: Methods, Results, Graphs, Tables, and Discussion; Biomaterials: Abstracts,Introductions, Hypothesis Formulation, and References). We planned the last assignment in eachcourse to be a full lab report which includes all scientific writing sections.A standardized rubric was developed for each
Conference Session
Engineering and Public Policy Division (EPP) Technical Session 1
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Guangpei Chen, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University and Institute of China’s Science, Technology and Education Policy, Zhejiang University; Yingying Qiao, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University and Institute of China’s Science, Technology and Education Policy, Zhejiang University; Yiang Yang
Tagged Divisions
Engineering and Public Policy Division (EPP)
. Since the 18thCPC National Congress, innovation has been given greater strategic importance in anew era characterized by myriad global challenges, especially[4]. In essence, STEMeducation is a kind of innovation in the underlying institutional structure. Byrebuilding the concept and model of talent training, it can achieve the sustainableoutput of innovative talents in line with current social and economic developmentneeds. In this context, China has joined the "movement" of STEM education andestablished the legitimacy of STEM education in the minds of the Chinese public bylaunching various reform measures at the level of Regulation, norms and cognition. In2016, China's Ministry of Education issued the 13th Five-Year Plan for
Collection
2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference
Authors
Abayomi Joseph Ajayi-Majebi P.E., Central State University
has served as Board Alternate and a program planning committee member of the University Clean Energy Alliance of Ohio (UCEAO). As a member of the National Science Foundation Partners for Innovation team, he has served as Director of the Minor in Nuclear Engineering program at Central State University and oversees the development and implementation of the program. He is a Permanent Member of ASEE, a Life member of the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE), a Senior and Endowed Member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) and a Senior Member of the American Society for Quality (ASQ), he is a Life Member of the American Nuclear Society (ANS). Dr. Ajayi-Majebi, is a recent 2021 Recipient of the
Conference Session
Technical Session 7 - Paper 2: Retaining a diverse group of undergraduate students in Engineering Technology Majors
Collection
2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)
Authors
Melanie Villatoro, New York City College of Technology
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
STEM outreach project at Daniel Hale Elementary School which provides civil engineering lesson plans, afterschool programs, family work- shops and field trips. Prof. Villatoro is the Project Director for the Peer Advisement program sponsored by Perkins and designed to increase retention of females across the School of Technology and Design. American c Society for Engineering Education, 202212PPA is a grant funded program at New York City College of Technology (City Tech)committed to increasing enrollment and retention of female and nontraditionalstudents in engineering technology programs. PPA provides a successful model formentoring, recruiting and retaining a diverse
Collection
2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference
Authors
Ruth Camille Pflueger, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Jonathan Alan Meckley, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College
nature of the senior design project provides an opportunity for theresearchers to chart longitudinal changes from the first to the students’ third semesterinteractions with the writing tutors, assessing the value of an integrated approach. The program’simpact on students’ attitudes toward revision and the value of tutoring, as well as the impact ontutors, are part of the assessment plan. The goal is to change the students’ focus from simplypresenting their results to communicating them.The goals of the project are to demonstrate to students that revision is essential to the writingprocess and that feedback can improve their written communication abilities. The expectation isthat they will continue to seek critical feedback as part of their
Conference Session
Technical Session M1
Collection
2022 First-Year Engineering Experience
Authors
Xinyu Zhang, West Virginia University; Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University; Stefanie Paige Hines, West Virginia University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Works In Progress
University (WVU) is a cohort-based integrated Engineering Bridge Program designed for non-calculus ready first-yearengineering students. During COVID times, AcES encountered challenges in recruitingunderrepresented students. We realized that the recruitment method needed to be modified toattract them. After applying new recruitment methods for 3 weeks, AcES participants werediversified, resulting in 30% female, 20% underrepresented minorities, 30% low-income, and20% first-generation in the cohort. Our research aims to (1) analyze AcES enrollment data beforeand after applying the new recruitment strategy, (2) conduct surveys to understand theeffectiveness of different recruitment methods in diversifying the cohort, and (3) devise a plan toimprove
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Stephanie M. Gillespie, University of New Haven
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
practices, one goal of the published cards shouldbe transferability- could another faculty member use the documented ideas and resources at theirown institution? Unfortunately, not every card is a useful resource for adaptation. Some cardslack details or additional uploads of lesson plans, leaving readers looking for more information.Other cards lack clear indications of what the activity entails, or how much time it will take.Additionally cards can be thoroughly well documented, but may be less adaptable because theycontain too much information. As an example, many cards provide details on an entire coursethat has been modified to meet some of the entrepreneurial mindset competencies. However,unless a university plans to design a new course or