Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies: Aero and Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Sullivan, Virginia Military Institute; Jon-michael Hardin P.E., Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

educators, numerous universities have recast their curricula offering “cornerstonedesign” courses, some of which bear up to 3 credit hours for both semesters of the freshmanyear14-17. While it is undeniable that these courses have a positive effect on students, it must alsobe recognized that the implementation of cornerstone projects in the curriculum is costly in termsof faculty time, and departmental resources, making full blown adaptation of this approachunattractive for many engineering schools11-12. In a 2005 survey of first year programs Wankatand Brannan reported that Introduction to Engineering courses averaged 1.6 credits, and thatonly 21.9% of the engineering schools surveyed had 2-semester intro to engineering courses18.These statistics

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Retention and Bridge Programs #1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Scott Martin Hanson, North Dakota Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR); Austin James Allard, Turtle Mountain Community College; Robert V. Pieri, North Dakota State University; Paula Jean Comeau, North Dakota State University; North Dakota State College of Science; Megan Even, North Dakota Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; Daniel John Luecke, North Dakota State University; Jean Ostrom-Blonigen, North Dakota Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; Kelly A. Rusch, North Dakota EPSCoR and North Dakota State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

UniversityDr. Jean Ostrom-Blonigen, As the Project Administrator for the North Dakota (ND) Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) State Office and the co-PI on our NSF and ND State awards, I work with leadership to manage the daily operations of several programs that operate to: 1) improve ND’s scientific capacity through interdisciplinary STEM research and education, 2) promote STEM workforce development, and 3) encourage economic development along STEM pathways. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Paper ID #31365Dr. Kelly A. Rusch, North Dakota EPSCoR and North Dakota

Conference Session

LEES Session 8: Care and Commitments

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lauren Kuryloski, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Amy Baird, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

they taught to prioritize? Just as importantly, when they are given thesecritical opportunities, do they have the skills to think critically about what the “public good”actually means? Have they been taught to listen to members of the public and value the differentforms of expertise that diverse community members offer? While engineering, as a discipline,prioritizes public welfare, engineering curriculum often provides students with a technical skillset while neglecting to develop their aptitude in humanistic inquiry and critical listening.One pedagogical approach that encourages students to think through the complexities of serviceto the public good lies in community engagement projects. In such projects, students arepartnered with local or

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Okere, University of Cincinnati; Raymond Paul Giroux Dist.M.ASCE, NAC, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #36839Making the Case for Teaching Construction Contract Changes and Claims asan Elective Course in Construction-Related ProgramsDr. George Okere, University of Cincinnati George is an associate professor educator, and heavy highway chair (endowed position) in the Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management Department in the College of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Cincinnati (UC). George has over 23 years of construction indus- try work experience, and 11.5 years of which was with Kiewit, where he worked on various heavy civil projects. He received his PhD in Technology

Conference Session

Diversity and K-12 Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati; Brian Lien, Princeton High School; Michelle Shafer, Mt Notre Dame High School; Steve Brickner, Harrison High School

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

existing curricula and materials to determine whether suchmaterials could be used for the proposed course. In addition to discipline specific resources, thematerials reviewed included: Project Lead the Way1, The Infinity Project2, Tools of Discovery3,and Engineering Your Future4.While these and other programs provide significant resources and have a history ofimplementation in schools, careful consideration was given to identifying resources that allowedthe collaboration to meet the goals established. In particular, Project Lead the Way provided avery robust approach and is the “preferred approach” according to the Ohio Department ofEducation. However, the commitment of resources needed (time and funds) to adopt thatapproach led the working group

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-oriented Studies: Mechanical Engineering and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Yao, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

current research interests include wearable medical devices, telehealthcare, bioinstrumentation, biosignal processing, and control systems. His educational research interests are laboratory/project-driven learning and integration of research into undergraduate education. Dr. Yao is a member of the American Society of Engineering Education and a senior member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Page 26.1163.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Modeling and Control of a Tungsten-Bulb Heated Incubator: Teaching Controls Theory in a

Conference Session

Integrating Additive Manufacturing Practices in Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eshan Ghotbi, Alfred University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Printing to Enhance Learning in Undergraduate Kinematic and Dynamic of Machinery CourseAbstractThis paper presents the application of 3D printing to enhance the learning of undergraduatestudents about the mechanisms (linkage, Cam-Follower) on Kinematic and Dynamic ofMachinery course. In this course, students will learn how a mechanical mechanism, includinglinkage and cam-follower mechanism, is working. They will learn how to analyze a mechanismor synthesis of a mechanism to provide a specified task. To enhance their understanding aboutthe mechanism, the project was designed by the instructor for this course. The project has threephases. On phase I, each group, consisting of 4 to 5 students, should select a mechanism todesign. They design the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wells, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

AC 2010-32: A MODEL FOR INTEGRATING ENTREPRENEURIALINNOVATION INTO AN ENGINEERING CAPSTONEDavid Wells, North Dakota State University David L. Wells has been Professor of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering at North Dakota State University since January 2000. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in process engineering and production engineering systems design and in product innovation and entrepreneurialism. His instruction is characterized by heavy reliance upon project-based, design-centric learning. Course projects are drawn from real industrial applications with real industrial constraints, often interactive with a corporate sponsor. Students are challenged to design

Conference Session

Relevance of and Models for Community Engagement in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karinna M. Vernaza, Gannon University; Theresa M. Vitolo, Gannon University; Barry J. Brinkman, Gannon University; Scott Steinbrink, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

undergraduateeducation, and (3) to foster professional development for careers or graduate education. Thesegoals are realized through the students’ shared interactions within the SEECS seminar.Students awarded SEECS scholarships are required to attend a seminar where specificdevelopment and learning outcomes are realized in a team-based, project-based approach. Thechallenging and engaging aspect of the SEECS program is this zero-credit seminar. The SEECSseminar is structured around three components: engineering design, professional development,and personal development.While the two development facets are valued, the engineering design component is the pivotalexperience connecting and building not only engineering competency but also personalconfidence

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

David Kelso; John D. Enderle; Kristina Ropella

. Typically, the class is divided into small teams of no more than 5students. Each team meets with the course instructors and faculty advisors on a regular basis, andwhen appropriate, with clinicians and industrial sponsors. Some programs have teams consistingonly of biomedical engineering students, while other programs offer truly interdisciplinary teamsof biomedical, electrical, mechanical and chemical engineers. For example, at MarquetteUniversity1 , all senior biomedical, electrical and mechanical engineering students are combinedinto one capstone design course where students may select projects offered by any of theparticipating departments. Project sponsors typically request that a team be comprised of a mixof engineering disciplines.Typically

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Chong Chen

Session 3648 An Automated Inspection System ---A Project Designed and Built by Engineering Technology Students Chong Chen Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Studies Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, TN 37132Abstract A project to design and build an automated inspection system was completed by seniorengineering technology students. This system consists of: programmable logic controller (PLC),electric motor, linear actuators, photo sensors, and other control components used in industry

Conference Session

International Forum Poster Session & Welcome Reception: Sponsored by Quanser and Cypress Semiconductors

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Young Uk Kim, Myongji University

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

. Through two independent design projects, students will become acquainted with and practice the core concepts of the course. The design project was based on a survey of Korean university students majoring in civil and environmental engineering. The overall plan is intended to prepare students for success in upper-level major courses. Keywords: Cement-boat, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Design project, Elementary Engineering design, Toothpick bridge and consists of four parts. (Fobes, 1993). First, we1. INTRODUCTION present a general

Collection

2011 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Radian Belu

industry as a project manager and senior consultant. He has taught and developedundergraduate and graduate courses in electronics, power systems, control and powerelectronics, electric machines, instrumentation, radar and remote sensing, numericalmethods and data analysis, space and atmosphere physics, and physics. His researchinterests included power system stability, control and protection, renewable energy systemanalysis, assessment and design, power electronics and electric machines for wind energyconversion, radar and remote sensing, wave and turbulence simulation, measurement andmodeling, numerical modeling, electromagnetic compatibility and engineering education.During his career Dr. Belu published several papers in referred journals and in

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cameron J. Turner, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

application ofknowledge about science, math and engineering (a) to a real problem. As part of their designexperience, students must apply engineering analysis to their designs, including the collectionand analysis of data verifying their design (b). The design solution developed by the team maybe a component, system or a process, all developed within the constraints defined by the project(c). Teams of students pursue the design (d), and generally, due to the structure of our Divisionare generally multidisciplinary teams. Design teams must identify, formulate and solve a realdesign problem (e) for a real client. In the course of the design project, and with theencouragement of the design program staff, the design teams utilize modern design tools for

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Technical Session 14: Curriculum and Course Assessment in and Outside the Classroom

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Morris, Clemson University; John R. Wagner, P.E., Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

for Engineering Education, 2023 Application of Extracurricular Course Teaching PLM Concepts to UndergraduatesAbstractExtended, project-based activities are critical for preparing undergraduate students for roles inmodern industry yet are often difficult to provide through traditional curricula. This practicepaper describes the objectives and functions of a student-centric research endeavor within theClemson University Creative Inquiry framework that provides guided instruction andextracurricular experiences on product lifecycle management (PLM). The course objective is todevelop a digital twin for a scaled, tracked, robotic vehicle while introducing participants toPLM topics and tools. Due to its breadth

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED) Technical Session 4: Junior & Senior Year Curriculum

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zuyi Huang, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

environmental, economic, and social considerations whenwe design control systems. While fossil energy will be used up in the future, converting solarenergy to electric energy provides one potential solution to sustain the growth of the worldpopulation. The batteries play an essential role in electric energy storage, especially for electricvehicles (e.g., Tesla EV). The switch from traditional energy resources to renewable energy bringschallenges and opportunities to chemical engineers who generally work in the oil & gas industry.To make students aware of these challenges and opportunities, a project was developed in thecourse of Chemical Process Control, which is the last required course taken by senior students inChemical and Biological

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nirmala Gnanapragasam, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

theireffectiveness and how the feedback of the assessment is fed back to the studentsto keep them in the assessment loop. These assessments satisfied a-k programoutcomes, benefited the students and provided valuable information to improvethe program. The engineering program had a successful ABET visit in 2005.IntroductionCriterion 4 of ABET 2000 requires that students participate in a major designexperience prior to graduation. Project based senior capstone courses satisfy thiscriterion very well. These senior design projects also have the added advantage ofbeing a great venue to demonstrate the ABET Engineering criterion 3 (a-k)program outcomes.The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation ofthe assessments tools that satisfy

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay B. Brockman, University of Notre Dame; Maria Krug, University of Notre Dame; Alicia Czarnecki, Bowman Creek Educational Ecosystem; Ryan M Nell, Bowman Creek Educational Ecosystem; Gary Allen Gilot P.E., University of Notre Dame; Victoria E Goodrich, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

now pursuing a M.S. in Environmental Engineering at the University of Notre Dame. Prior to return- ing to Notre Dame, Maria worked as a Civil Engineer on water and wastewater infrastructure projects at Whitman, Requardt & Associates in Baltimore, MD. Her research interests include the monitoring and modeling of green infrastructure and undergraduate experiential learning in both domestic and interna- tional contexts. She co-teaches a project-based engineering course at the University of Notre Dame that is a key component of the Bowman Creek Educational Ecosystem.Alicia Czarnecki, Bowman Creek Educational Ecosystem Alicia Czarnecki is a senior Environmental Engineering major at the University of Notre Dame. Alicia

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Q Retherford, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; J. A. M. Boulet, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Chris Wetteland, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Paper ID #18808Case Study: A College-Wide Engineering Capstone Experience at the Uni-versity of TennesseeDr. Jennifer Q Retherford, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Dr. Retherford is an alumna of the University of Nebraska, Omaha, and received her graduate degrees from Vanderbilt University. She currently teaches a variety of courses supporting the department of Civil & Environmental Engineering at the University of Tennessee. Among many structural engineer- ing courses, Dr. Retherford manages the Senior Design Project course for all undergraduate seniors.Dr. J. A. M. Boulet, University of Tennessee, Knoxville J. A. M

Conference Session

Engineers and Communities: Critical Reflections of Challenges, Opportunities, and Practices of Engaging Each Other

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Wei Lu, Texas A&M University; Mary E. Campbell, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

The University of Alabama. She has experi- ence working with many industries such as automotive, chemical distribution etc. on transportation and operations management projects. She works extensively with food banks and food pantries on supply chain management and logistics focused initiatives. Her graduate and undergraduate students are integral part of her service-learning based logistics classes. She teaches courses in strategic relationships among industrial distributors and distribution logistics. Her recent research focuses on engineering education and learning sciences with a focus on how to engage students better to prepare their minds for the future. Her other research interests include empirical studies

Conference Session

Software Engineering Technical Session 2

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Massood Towhidnejad, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Alexandria Spradlin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Thomas Rogers Bassa, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

to be controlled remotely by a ground station. They went throughthe full development life-cycle using formal agile process. The participants gained experience in projectmanagement, and how to negotiate with the customer to reduce the complexity of the project to anachievable scope, given available resources (time, personnel, and cost).I. INTRODUCTIONThis paper describes one of our activities under the INSPRE-CT (Computational Thinking) project that hasbeen funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) CPATH-2 program NSF-DUE-0939028. TheINSPIRE-CT project explored vertical integration of student teams to improve student learning and raisestudent interest in computing. Throughout the project, we looked for opportunities where we

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering in the First-Year

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven P. Marra, Johns Hopkins University; Jenna Adele Frye, Maryland Institute College of Art; Edon Muhaxheri, Maryland Institute College of Art; Laure Drogoul, Maryland Institute College of Art

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs, Multidisciplinary Engineering

is an interdisciplinary artist, educator, and cobbler of situations who lives in Baltimore, Maryland. Laure works with a wide range of media including projects in which she creates sculpture, performance, and theatrical events that invite the viewer to be an active participant. She has exhibited widely, including The International House of Japan in Tokyo, Corcoran Gallery of Art,Washington Project for the Arts, The Walters Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, and The Center for Architecture in New York as well as many street corners, alleys, and underutilized urban spaces.She has received Maryland State Artist Awards and a Franklin Furnace Award for performance art and has been a recipient of a US/Japan Creative

Conference Session

Learning to Design Aerospace Systems

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Liu, University of Michigan; Christopher Deline, University of Michigan; Rafael Ramos, University of Michigan; Steven Sandoval, University of Michigan; Ashley Smetana, University of Michigan; Brian Gilchrist, University of Michigan; Peter Washabaugh, University of Michigan; Nilton Renno, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

and provided the opportunity to rapidly climb the learningcurve.One response to this need is to more rapidly and better train students by means of realistic andintensive design-build-test activities. Since 1998, the Student Space Systems FabricationLaboratory (S3FL) at the University of Michigan’s College of Engineering has combined aformal design process with student creativity and spontaneity to train and provide students withopportunities for research in space system design and development.5 This paper describesS3FL’s resources and operations, outlines the lab’s educational and design philosophy, anddiscusses the technical, teamwork, communication, and project management skills developedthrough S3FL. The paper also discusses how these

Conference Session

Learning styles affect on students in graphic and design courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lulu Sun, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Christopher D Grant, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

explorereal engineering design is unknown.This paper describes how to incorporate the IGL into the Graphical Communications course, andshows how students are engaged to learn at a higher level of the Bloom’s taxonomy [9-11] byimplementing sustainable design final projects. Students work in teams to collaboratively collectinformation, define and analyze the problems, and seek the effective solution. Instead offollowing faculty member’s instruction to passively complete the model design, students have anopportunity to apply the skills they learned in class to solve the real-world problem, and to thinkas an engineer. IGL introduced a greater level of excitement and enthusiasm by allowingstudents to explore the topics of personal interest to themselves

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jianghong (Esther) Tian, Eastern Mennonite University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 24.44.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 A design approach in an Introduction to Engineering courseAbstractDesign is the essence of engineering. Because of its core values in engineering education andresearch as well as in industry, I decided to incorporate engineering design as the main theme ofthe Introduction to Engineering course at Eastern Mennonite University (EMU). Following afive-stage prescriptive model (problem definition, conceptual design, preliminary design,detailed design, and design communication) in their design process, students worked on twocollaborative projects: the design and construction of a solar-powered cell phone charger and apersistence of vision wand. In

Conference Session

College Engineering K-12 Outreach III

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Judith Miller; Paula Quinn; Jill Rulfs; John Orr

project, this paper reports the lessons learned in managing this rather large andcomplex project which brings together two quite different educational institutions. The results todate have been quite positive.IntroductionIn 2003 WPI began a three-year project, "K-6 Gets a Piece of the PIEE (PartnershipsImplementing Engineering Education)." This project is funded by the NSF Graduate TeachingFellows in K-12 Education (GK-12) program, the goal of which is to involve engineeringgraduate students with K-12 science and engineering education. Some small number of thesegraduate students will decide to pursue careers in K-12 education, but for most, the intenseexposure provided by the Fellowship program should lead to increased involvement with K

Conference Session

Think Outside the Box! K-12 Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heath Tims, Louisiana Tech University; Krystal Corbett, Louisiana Tech University; Galen Turner, Louisiana Tech University; David Hall, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

-world applications of science and engineering. This project provides a hands-on, contextualapproach to student learning, as well as teacher professional development. As part of thecurriculum, data is being collected on student outcomes that quantify high school students’academic self-efficacy, real world problem solving, critical thinking skills, achievement inmathematics and the sciences, motivational and goal orientation, and vocational or careerinterests in STEM fields. Additionally, teacher outcomes, including self-efficacy, are beingmeasured. This poster/paper will present the curriculum developed through the collaborativepartnership between K12 schools systems and university.IntroductionNumerous publications in recent years have expressed

Conference Session

Impact of Community Engagement on Students

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura M. Patterson, University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Progress] Community Engagement in a First-Year Engineering Communication Course: Increasing Student Numbers from Handfuls to Hundreds.AbstractEngaging first-year engineering students in their mandatory, first-term, communication coursecan be a challenge when some may not yet understand how these communication skills will beused in their day-to-day professional interactions. However, adding a real client with real needswhere the students’ work can have real impact adds immediacy and interest. To those ends, acommunity service learning team proposal project was created in 2011 for 60 students of a firstterm, first-year engineering writing course, which is a part of a common first-year engineeringcurriculum. In this

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Evan C. Lemley, University of Central Oklahoma; Bob Melton, Putnam City Schools; Elizabeth Ann Allan, University of Central Oklahoma; Grant M. Armstrong, University of Central Oklahoma ; James E. Stewart, University of Central Oklahoma; Morshed Khandaker, University of Central Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Paper ID #10585Leading by Example for Engineering Design (LEED) to Meet Next Genera-tion Science Standards in Middle and High School Science and Math ClassesDr. Evan C. Lemley, University of Central OklahomaMr. Bob Melton, Putnam City Schools Bob Melton is the Assessment Coordinator/ STEM Facilitator for Putnam City Schools. Mr. Melton began his career in 1974 at Putnam City West High School, taught at Edmond Memorial High School, and was the Science Curriculum Coordinator for Putnam City Schools from 1993 to 2013. From1999 through 2003 he served as project director of a USDOE program to research the effective- ness of

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Education Research

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

John Ristroph

worth (EAW)? 2. What is the definition of equivalence within an industrial context? 3. How are PW and EAW interpreted? 4. Why does choosing the largest PW or EAW maximize a company’s FTW? 5. How should alternatives with different lives be compared?The next section briefly reviews the FTW model, and following sections provide the answers tothe above questions. FTW ModelA firm’s FTW is its total capital at the end of the planning horizon. The FTW model computesthis capital as a function of project selection, thereby enabling the decision maker to select theproject that maximizes FTW. Maximizing FTW is an intuitively appealing investment objective,and the FTW model leads to the use of popular