Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amitabha Ghosh, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

gradingincentive that works well with students. Therefore, our proposed course structure used aneffective combination of group learning and specially prepared detailed course notes. After thefirst (background check) quiz the following e-mail (boxed below) was sent to the class givingstudents another opportunity to relearn the topics. The quiz 1 mentioned below was multiple-choice type. Many students would guess answers on such questions. But the condition forregrading such quizzes was they must learn the correct reason/s for each of the missed questionby reading notes, or by discussions with groupmates or others. This worked very well. In fact,our data shows a consistent interest among students. Further tracking some of the students fromFluids II to the

Conference Session

Holistic Assessment and Teaching in Service-learning Environments

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larry L. Howell, Brigham Young University; Spencer P. Magleby, Brigham Young University; Terri Christiansen Bateman, Brigham Young University; David C. Morgan, Brigham Young University; Lynda Palma, Brigham Young University Museum of Art

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

acknowledged. The tireless efforts ofBernie Peyton in organizing the Origami Universe exhibit at the Chimei Museum and invitingour participation are also recognized. Thanks to Madison Fujimoto for her work helping toprepare the paper for publication. This work is dedicated to the memory of our friend PaulAnderson, whose curatorial efforts made the exhibit possible.References[1] “NSF GPRA Strategic Plan FY 2001-2006.” Internet:https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2001/nsf0104/strategy.htm, 2006 [Nov. 7, 2017].[2] “Flip It, Fold It, Figure It Out.” Internet: http://www.astc.org/exhibitions/flipit/dflipit.htm,2011.[3] S. Van Dyk, curator. “Paper Engineering: Fold, Pull, Pop & Turn,” National Museum ofAmerican History. 2012. The Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Conference Session

Professional Development for Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerome P. Lavelle, North Carolina State University; Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University; Amber L. M. Kendall, North Carolina State University; Matthew T. Stimpson, North Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

," in American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition (ASEE), Atlanta, GA, 2013.[12] L. J. Bottomley, E. A. Parry, L. T. Coley, L. Deam, E. Goodson, J. Kidwell, J. Linck and B. Robinson, "Lessons learned from the implementation of a GK-12 grant outreach program.," in American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition (ASEE), Albuquerque, NM, 2001[13] S. K. Horowitz and I. B. Horowitz, "The effects of team diversity on team outcomes: A meta- analytic review of team demography," Journal of Management, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 987-1015, 2007.[14] S. E. Jackson and A. Joshi, "Work team diversity," in APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 1, S

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia A. Mardis, Florida State University; Faye R. Jones, Florida State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

graduates prepared to engage in entrepreneurial and intrapreneurialactivities?The research team is pursuing these questions through a multi-method approach, includingqualitative and quantitative methods. The work meets the requirements of Design andDevelopment Research, as specified by the Common Guidelines for Educational Research in thatit contains: 1) Development of a solution based on a well-specified theory of action appropriateto a well-defined end user; 2) Creation of measures to assess the implementation of thesolution(s); 3) Collection of data on the feasibility of implementing the solution(s) in typicaldelivery settings by intended users; and 4) Conducting a pilot study to examine the promise ofgenerating the intended outcomes [22].Theory

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cassandra J. Groen-McCall, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Ashley Shew, Virginia Tech; Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation.References[1] E. W. Kimball, R. S. Wells, B. J. Ostiguy, C. A. Manly, and A. A. Lauterbach, "Students with disabilities in higher education: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research," in Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. vol. 31, M. B. Paulsen, Ed., Switzerland: Springer, Cham, pp. 91-156, 2016.[2] U.S. Department of Education and National Center for Education Statistics. National Postsecondary Student Aid Study: Major Field of Study of Undergraduate by Disability Status. [accessed 2019 1/28]; Available: https://www.nsf.gov

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tristan M. Ericson, York College of Pennsylvania; Stephen N. Kuchnicki, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Materials

balance between directing students to the best research path and letting them take ownership over the project.References 1. G. D. Kuh, High-impact educational practices: what they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Association of American Colleges and Universities, Washington, DC, 2008. 2. S. H. Russell, M.P. Hancock, and J. McCullough, “The pipeline: Benefits of undergraduate research experiences,” Science, vol. 316, pp. 548-549, Apr. 2007. 3. R. S. Hathaway, B. A. Nagda, and S. R. Gregerman, “The Relationship of undergraduate research participation to graduate and professional education pursuit: An empirical study,” Journal of College Student Development, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 614–631, 2002. 4

Conference Session

Track: Pre-college - Technical Session I

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Cheryl Beauchamp, Virginia Tech; Cherie D. Edwards, Virginia Tech; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Tech; David B. Knight, Virginia Tech; Glenda D. Young Collins, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Pre-College

teamwork efforts and as the literature suggests, this could differentially influencelearning, self-efficacy, and continued STEM interest.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation EngineeringEducation and Centers under Grant Number DRL-1614710, 1614739, and 1615143. Anyopinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those ofthe author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.ReferencesAAUW. (1998). Seperated by Sex: A critical look at single-sex education for girls. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women Educational Foundation.Achilles, C. M., & Hoover, S. P. (1996). Exploring problem-based

Conference Session

Ethical and Global Concerns

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Elizabeth A. Reddy, Colorado School of Mines; Stephen Campbell Rea, Colorado School of Mines; Qin Zhu, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

reflections on medical metaphors, engineering educators considered the ongoing ethicalwellness of a whole engineer—or even a whole engineering profession—rather than seeking toinoculate our students against taking dangerous or irresponsible action in the future or addressless-desirable habits they have already developed, what else might student engineers andengineering educators aspire to?REFERENCES[1] ABET, “Criteria for accrediting engineering programs effective for the evaluationsduring the 2018-2019 accreditation cycle,” Available:http://www.abet.org/accreditation/accreditationcriteria/criteria-for-accreditingengineering-programs-2018-2019/ [Accessed Feb 2, 2020].[2] M. A. Holsapple, D. D. Carpenter, J. A. Sutkus, C. J. Finelli, and T. S. Harding

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: K-12 Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Eliza Gallagher, Clemson University; Anna Marie Vagnozzi, Clemson University; Rachel Lanning, Clemson University ; D. Andrew Brown, Clemson University; Christy Brown, Clemson University; Kristin Kelly Frady, Clemson University; Julia Machele Brisbane, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Michael A. Matthews P.E., University of South Carolina; Joseph Murphy, University of California, Los Angeles; Khushikumari Patel, Clemson University; Aubrie Lynn Pfirman, Lander University; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel; Richard H Roberts Jr, Florence Darlington Technical College; Ronald W. Welch P.E., The Citadel; Anand K. Gramopadhye, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

between district-level poverty index and collegemathematics placement, we have the opportunity to broaden participation in engineering, andconsequentially reduce wage and wealth gaps within the state.AcknowledgmentsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1744497. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those ofthe author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We alsowish to acknowledge the assistance of the Institutional Research Officers at each campus ingathering the data used in the Post-Secondary Student Census Data analysis, and of the IRBofficers and campus coordinators for their assistance in distributing the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: RED 2 / Civil Eng

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mohamed ElZomor, Florida International University; Piyush Pradhananga, Florida International University; Gabriella Santi; Shahin Vassigh, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

recommendations expressed in thispaper are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF.References[1] M. Y. Bin Yahya, Y. Lee Hui, A. B. M. Yassin, R. Omar, R. O. anak Robin, and N. Kasim, “The Challenges of the Implementation of Construction Robotics Technologies in the Construction,” MATEC Web Conf., vol. 266, p. 05012, 2019.[2] S. S. J. manyika, S. Lund, M. Chui, J. Bughin, J. Woetzel, P. Batra, R. Ko, “Jobs lost, jobs gained: Workforce transitions in a time of automation,” 2017.[3] K. Afsari, S. Gupta, M. Afkhamiaghda, and Z. Lu, “Applications of Collaborative Industrial Robots in Building Construction,” 54th ASC Int. Conf. Proc., no. August, 2018.[4] A. Jayaraj and H. N. Divakar, “Robotics in

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tracy Zhang, Michigan State University; Robert Allen Bubeck, Michigan State University; Therese Aimei Joffre, Midland High School; Grace Anne Bremmer, H. H. Dow High School; Logan Patrick McNamara, H. H. Dow High School; Aaron Michael Heydenburg; Bingbing Li, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Paper ID #28945Promoting Materials Science and Engineering Education through 3DPrinting TechnologyDr. Tracy Zhang, MSU Michigan State University (MSU) St. Andrews, Midland, MI. Dr. Tracy Zhang is a faculty member and STEM Outreach Specialist at Michigan State University St. Andrews campus. She earned a doctoral degree in advanced materials from Central Michigan University. Her current role involves promoting STEM education to K-12 students focusing on 3D printing technology area and conducting research in the development of biosourced hyperbranched poly(ester)s for the controlled release of actives across a range of

Conference Session

New Directions for ET

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University; Shelly Tan, Purdue University; Liza Ann Russell, Purdue University; Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Laboratory Facilities for Engineering Technology Programs in Malaysian Technical Universities," International Journal of Social Science Studies, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 65, 2018.[7] Z. I. A. Karim and S. M. Maat, "Employability Skills Model for Engineering Technology Students," Journal of Technical Education and Training, vol. 11, no. 2, 2019.[8] P. Appiah-Kubi and C. Brion, "Effects of Service Projects on the Perceived Skills of Engineering Technology Students," International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, 2019.[9] R. Taraban, M. Ceja, J. Suarez, D. Ernst and E. E. Anderson, "Building an Engineering Technology Workforce," Journal of Engineering Technology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 30-38, 2018.[10] J. Gallaher

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in Mechanics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rick Williams, East Carolina University; William Howard, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

1983.9. Dollár, A. and Steif, P.S., “Learning Modules for the Statics Classroom,” 2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.10. Steif, P.S. and Dollár, A., “A New Approach to Teaching and Learning Statics,” 2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.11. Crouch, C.H., Fagen, A.P., Callan, J.P., and Mazur, E., “Classroom demonstrations: Learning tools or entertainment?” American Journal of Physics, June 2004.12. Yoder, D.C., Parsons, R., Pionke, C.D., and Weber, F., “Hands-On Teaching of Engineering Fundamentals,” 1998 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.13. 80/50 Inc., 1701 S. 400 East, Columbia City, IN 46725, www.8020.net. Page 12.151.12

Conference Session

Retention Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phyllis Tedford, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; John Fernandez, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

2010 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 s ns s ts s ns ts er ce

Conference Session

Research Initiatives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Tillman, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

,research in this area is still very new. This was one setting in a rural district at one point in timeand findings may not generalize to other populations. Also, the archival nature of the data did notallow for additional data collection to understand findings or points of interest that arose duringdata analysis.Bibliography1. Adams, R., Evangelou, D., English, L., de Figueiredo, A., Mousoulides, N., Pawley, A., Schifellite, C., Stevens,R., Svinicki, M., Trenor, J., & Wilson, D. (2011). Multiple perspectives on engaging future engineers. Journal ofEngineering Education, 100(1), 48-88.2. Rogers, C., & Portsmore, M. (2004). Bringing engineering to elementary school. J.of STEM Ed, 5 (3,4), 17-28.3. Adams, S. (2003) Building successful student

Conference Session

Design Methodology and Evaluation 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donal Padraic Holland, Trinity College Dublin; Conor Walsh P.E., Harvard University; Gareth J. Bennett, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

; Adams, R. S. (2006). Tackling the research-to- teaching challenge in engineering design education: Making the invisible visible. International Journal of Engineering Education, 22(3), 598.[6] Atman, C. J., Adams, R. S., Cardella, M. E., Turns, J., Mosborg, S., & Saleem, J. (2007). Engineering design processes: A comparison of students and expert practitioners. Journal of Engineering Education, 96(4), 359.[7] Mullins, C. A., Atman, C. J., & Shuman, L. J. (1999). Freshman engineers’ performance when solving design problems. IEEE Transactions on Education, 42(4), 281 –287.[8] Ahmed, S., Wallace, K. M., & Blessing, L. T. (2003). Understanding the differences between how novice and experienced designers approach

Conference Session

Tenure and Promotion Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

David Cottrell

Session 2475 Outreach Scholarship: A Valuable Key to Promotion and Tenure David S. Cottrell Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg1. Introduction Teaching, research, and service – these three words traditionally encompass thefunctional mission of the college professor. But as the 21 st Century dawned, manyuniversities have awakened to a call to reconnect to those who benefit substantially fromour scholastic activities – our constituents. The Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology (ABET) echoes this realization with newly revised accreditation criteriarequiring program goals to

Conference Session

Electrical & Computer Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Shumon Alam; Matthew Sadiku; Cajetan Akujuobi

Engineering Education Start R/W in DSLAM, Disable Port S ta rt Insert Noise/Change Loop Length R / W in D S L A M Enable DSLAM Port I n s e r t N o is e / C h a n g e L o o p L e n g th

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Heersink, Colorado School of Mines; Wanda Dann, Carnegie Mellon University; Barbara Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Alka Herriger, Purdue; Steven Cooper, Purdue

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

across interventions withrespect to gender. The current investigation lays the foundation for such work and providesresearch based instruments to pursue these efforts.Bibliography[1] Arango, F., Aziz, E., Esche, S., and Chassapis, C., “A Review of Applications of Computer Games in Educationand Training,” Proceedings of the 2008 ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, October 2008, SaratogaSprings, NY.[2] Beheler, A., “Girls are IT - A Workshop for Recruiting Girls into Information Technology,” Proceedings of the2006 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, June 2006, Chicago, IL.[3] Beyer, S., DeKeuster, M., Walter, K., Colar, M., and Holcomb, C. 2005. Changes in CS students' attitudestowards CS over

Conference Session

Laboratory Applications of Computers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abul K. M. Azad, Northern Illinois University; Pramod P. Kaushik, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

needed by a student or a researcher.15, 16There are a few simple steps to implement a remote laboratory (Figure 1): Figure 1: Basic concept of remote laboratories. a) The first and foremost thing is that the equipment should have interfaceability with a computer (or with a networked device) along with the ability to exchange its input(s) and output(s) as needed to perform experiments. b) The next required item is a local computer that will provide the processing requirement for an experiment along with hosting a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI will allow a remote user to perform experiments using the local computer without any

Conference Session

Topics in Computing and Information Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manghui Tu, Purdue University Calumet; Kimberly Lynn Spoa-Harty, Purdue University Calumet Graduate Student

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

ate upd rds A hea ccess processing nd n g a reco lth ing Data s i e car & es car e B upd Acc ealth

Conference Session

Unique Laboratory Experiments & Programs Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Emin Yilmaz; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri

measure the relative power of each cylinder on an internalcombustion engine. A basic sensor assembly design and construction was completed as alaboratory requirement for the Mechanical Systems Design course. Pulses generated by theencoder pressed against engine crankshaft belt were acquired and stored in a file using a NationalInstruments2 PCI 6023E, 200 kS/s (kilo-samples per second) throughput data acquision boardand an application program developed using National Instruments LabVIEW 5.0 graphicalprogramming software. The acquired data was processed using LabVIEW and the results weredisplayed. The change in the encoder signal frequency is proportional to the power generated bythe individual cylinders of the engine. A plot is generated for two

Conference Session

Visualization and Computer Graphics

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Nancy Study

Assessing Visualization Abilities in Minority Engineering Students N. E. Study Department of Engineering, ENTC, INTC Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806Abstract The numbers of minority students in the academic areas of science and engineering(S&E) have increased significantly in recent years. Despite initial success in recruitment efforts,the numbers of these minority students not completing their studies still remain higher than thatof their non-minority peers. Visualization is a significant factor in the creation of mental modelsand in interacting with the often abstract concepts that are important for success in

Conference Session

Trends in ME Education Poster Session

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Said Shakerin

.[4] Shakerin, S., 2001, “Engineering Art,” Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 7, pp. 63-66.[5] Hero, 1971, “The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria,” edited by B. Woodcroft (Taylor, Walton, and Maberly,London, 1851); Facsimile edition with introduction by M. B. Hall, Macdonald, London and American Elsevier Inc.,New York.[6] Hill, D. R., 1984, “A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times,” Open Court PublishingCompany, La Salle, Illinois, pp. 199-222.[7] Helminger, B., and Schally, S., “Hellbrunn: A Guide through the Trick Fountains, the Park and Palace,”Colorama Verlag, Salzburg.[8] Briesen, R. V., 1874, “Improvement in Parlor Fountains,” U.S. Patent # 151,003.[9] Woodward, N. P. and Burn, L., 1913, “Fountain for Decorative

Conference Session

BME Technical Modules and Laboratories

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Steve Warren; Jason Yao

R= = (dI t / I t )IR µ a, IR , (4)where µa,i can be expressed as a function of S a O2 ,13 arterial oxygen saturation: µ a ,i = H vi [ ] S a O2σ a100% + (1 − S a O2 )σ a0% (5)Here, i = r , IR , whileσ 100 a % and σ a0% are

Conference Session

IE Accreditation and Program Issues

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Eleanor Nault; Michael Leonard

Session 1657 An Integrated Approach to Evaluation of Program Educational Objectives and Assessment of Program Outcomes Using ABET Criteria for Accreditation of Engineering Programs Michael S. Leonard and Eleanor W. Nault Clemson UniversityI. AbstractFor many engineering education programs, the process for evaluating program educationalobjectives is interpretive; that is, achievement of program educational objectives is inferred fromachievement of program outcomes. What is lacking in current practice is a systematic way toexamine the success of a program

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Karim Nasr; Basem Alzahabi

implementation of anassessment plan. It will go beyond EC2000 outcomes by identifying diagnostic and criterionassessment mechanisms. The assessment process will focus on the performance criteria,performance metrics, grading methods, and tracking and feedback for continuous improvement.A survey-feature of the assessment plan will be tested on a typical engineering course and anexamination of how such a course would fit in the larger picture of an engineering program willbe performed. Finally, this paper concludes in matching EC2000’s educational outcomes (a-k)to the educational objectives of the course, maps the assessment tools of the course to Bloom’staxonomy of learning, and comments on the usefulness of an outcomes-based assessment survey.I

Conference Session

Engrng Edu;An International Perspective

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

John Johansen; Jens Riis; Henrik Jorgensen; Claus Balken; James Luxhoj

based development programs. Holisticapplication programs deal with product development in networks, supply chain management, andstrategic manufacturing development, for example. This industrial focus is balanced withtheory-based development programs dealing with holistic production concepts, the extendedenterprise, intelligent manufacturing, and human resources in manufacturing. Reality-basedresearch is paramount in the CIP and the Center has enjoyed strong industrial support. Some ofthe partner companies include Bang & Olufsen A/S, LEGO System A/S, Christian Hansen A/S,Danfoss A/S, Grundfos A/S, Martin Group A/S, among others.One of the central CIP research themes is “Strategic Manufacturing Development”. This CIPapplication program

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Spencer Brinkerhoff; III, Walter Hopkins; David Hartman

C A A C A 1 .3 im p le m e n tin g a s olu tio n A A A

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Dimiduk, Cornell University; Rajesh Bhaskaran, Cornell University; Haolin Zhu, Cornell University; Yingxin Gao, Cornell University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

, the stresss field of a rectangular plate with a hole in tension(Fig. 3a),, was shown n. For simpliccity, symmeetry was conssidered so onnly a quarterr of the geom metrywas usedd for numericcal solutionss (as shown ini Fig. 3b). T This demonsstration helped studentsclearly viisualize the stress distrib butions and variations v arround the hole where streess concentrrationoccurs. Students S usedd the numeriical solutions as concretee visual aidss to interprett the abstracttanalyticaal solutions. Fig. 3a Fig. 3bFigure 3.. Plate with a hole demo onstration . (a