Conference Session

Educating Students for the 21st Century: History, Reflection, and Outcomes

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Swaminathan Balachandran, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

and self-examination. The three basic components1 of EL are illustrated in Figure 1. The “partner” in this figurerefers to the community partner. In order for EL projects to be effective in achieving specificgoals they must be based on sound instructional methods and design of the respective curriculumto satisfy the accreditation criteria for that educational program. Students who complete ELprojects exhibit personal growth through increased self-esteem and confidence, personalresponsibility, and sense of personal efficacy. They also acquire active exploration of careerinterests, understanding of the work environment, specific job skills, hiring advantage overothers greater confidence in career choice, increased interpersonal skills

Conference Session

High School Engineering Programs, Curriculum, and Evaluation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deanna H. Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

program, the Green DesignApprenticeship, including the overarching goals and learning objectives. The main focus of thepaper is on the method and results of a far-post assessment survey completed 2-3 years afterstudents participate in the program. The results indicate that the program content is having animpact on students’ daily activities, and is helping students make decisions about fields of study.We also provide some strategies for initiating far-post assessment in outreach programs.The Green Design ApprenticeshipThe Green Design Apprenticeship, offered since 2004 by the Green Design Institute at CarnegieMellon University, is an outreach program for gifted and talented high school students interestedin learning about academic and career

Conference Session

Student Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas J. Vasko, Central Connecticut State University; Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Peter F. Baumann, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

).” Page 22.259.3 7. “A research project, which enhances one's knowledge of a particular field, and how it relates to my expectations/perceptions.” 8. “It's like a research paper, except it attracts students' interests, and makes them want to pay more attention to the topic.” 9. “Learning that is embedded in mind even after a certain subject is over.” C. Somewhat Understand 1. “A project that has some effect on your life, whether it be understanding material better or something for your career” 2. “Learning something that will help you later in life not just learning something and using it for the test.” 3. “Life Long Learning is

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi A. Taboada, University of Texas, El Paso; Jose F. Espiritu, University of Texas, El Paso; Emmanuel Gurrola

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

talent is important for the future vitalityof scientific research. This development is essential because demographic trends show that in thenext 20 years minorities will constitute an increasing portion of the US population, especially inthe pool of potential college students. Despite the growing number of STEM careers in theAmerican economy, education statistics suggest that far too few Hispanic students are beingencouraged and enabled to take advantage of opportunities in technical disciplines. According tonational statistics, Hispanics are not only the largest minority in the United States but also one ofthe fastest growing.This paper describes the Catalyzing and Supporting Minority Talent Development modeldeveloped to attract and retain

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland

Recruitment programsthat inform potential engineering students about the engineering career and help shore up thescience and math skills are also retention programs.10 Many science and engineering studentstransfer to another major because their reasons for choosing the technical field no longer seemappropriate.11 The students lack a vision of what engineering really is and therefore are notmotivated to persevere through the tough “tools classes” that are required.Nationally only about half of all engineering students actually graduate. The proportion is evenlower for underrepresented minority students and women. Therefore curriculum changes andretention programs are especially concerned with these students.12 Since a large proportion ofthe attrition

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland

” had significantly different attitudesabout engineering and themselves than those held by comparison groups.9 Recruitment programsthat inform potential engineering students about the engineering career and help shore up thescience and math skills are also retention programs.10 Many science and engineering studentstransfer to another major because their reasons for choosing the technical field no longer seemappropriate.11 The students lack a vision of what engineering really is and therefore are notmotivated to persevere through the tough “tools classes” that are required.Nationally only about half of all engineering students actually graduate. The proportion is evenlower for underrepresented minority students and women. Therefore curriculum

Conference Session

Capstone Design Pedagogy I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward Island

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

many engineering programs, just as in many plant process systems,the path from input (high school) to the output (qualified graduate) is quite separate for thedifferent streams (i.e. mechanical engineering stream, versus the electrical engineering, versusbiological engineering).In this conceptual model of the education of young engineers, the decision of which processstream the students enter would, in their minds, have a huge impact on their careers. Studentsspend a great deal of time and suffer sleepless nights deciding which stream to enter, notknowing at the start what they will end up looking like at the end, nor what sort of careeropportunities they will have when they graduate. Unfortunately, a student has very little

Conference Session

Mentoring and Development of New Faculty

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Surovek, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Jennifer Karlin, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Cassandra Groen, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

their academic careers, particularly in smaller institutions that may be geographicallyisolated, possess a small engineering faculty population, and/or have limited financial resources.A survey was conducted by the research team to determine the major concerns of facultymembers at their respective institutions to determine major factors that a new facultydevelopment program may need to address. This survey targeted STEM (Science, Technology,Engineering, and Math) faculty and included questions about mentoring, career satisfaction, andcareer relationships. The participants ranked their responses as strongly disagree, tend todisagree, tend to agree, and strongly disagree. The data contained within this survey will beanalyzed in more detail as the

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace and Successful Graduates for a Flat World: What Does It Take?

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University; Hien Nguyen, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

International

global awareness while an undergraduate. The results indicated thatapproximately one-third of the freshmen felt that global awareness was very important to thempersonally while over one-half believed global awareness to be very important to themprofessionally. Over half of the students hoped to greatly improve their global awareness duringtheir undergraduate career. When asked how students anticipated increasing their globalawareness, the most frequently endorsed responses included interacting with internationalstudents in and out of the classroom, completing assignments that focused on internationalissues, and studying abroad.Penn State University has begun to take steps to provide students with non-travel basedinternational experiences to help

Conference Session

FPD II: Increasing Engagement and Motivation of First-Year Students

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicky Wolmarans, University of Cape Town, Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Research in Engineering Education (CREE); Corrinne Shaw, University of Cape Town, Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Centre for Research in Engineering Education (CREE)

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

in both the public (as an educator) and pri- vate sectors before returning to postgraduate study and embarking on an academic career. As with many South Africans, growing up under Apartheid has had a profound impact on my worldview and life choices. This has included influencing the choice of a career in education, both as a practitioner and scholar. I cur- rently convene a postgraduate programme in Engineering Management and teach undergraduate courses in Engineering Management. I draw on multiple theoretical constructs for the design of learning contexts, including complexity and systems theory. My research is primarily focussed on student experience of learning events and student learning more broadly both in

Conference Session

Developments in BME Pedagogy and Assessment

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington; Kelli Jayn Nichols, University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Bioengineering; Laura Wright, University of Washington; Christopher Neils, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

skillsnecessary to embark on successful careers and to contribute to the advancement of the currentstate of bioengineering. To this end, at our institution we have conducted an extensiveexamination of our undergraduate bioengineering program. The goal of this study was to utilizea variety of assessment techniques in order to enhance our understanding of the strengths andlimitations of our curriculum and to identify any aspects of the curriculum which could beoptimized to better meet the needs of the modern bioengineering undergraduate student.In this paper, we present our comprehensive approach to assessing the effectiveness of thecurrent curriculum at the University of Washington. We describe the multiple methods of self-analysis implemented over the

Conference Session

Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Warren Rosen, Drexel University; Eric Carr, Drexel University; Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; Radian G. Belu, Drexel University; Gerry Marekova, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

UniversityRadian G Belu, Drexel University (Eng Tech.) Dr. Radian Belu is Assistant Professor within the Engineering Technology (ET) program - Drexel Univer- sity, Philadelphia, USA. Before joining to the Drexel University Dr. Belu hold faculty and research posi- tions at universities and research institutes in Romania, Canada and United States. His research interests included power system stability, control and protection, renewable energy system analysis, assessment and design, power electronics and electric machines for wind energy conversion, radar and remote sens- ing, wave and turbulence simulation, measurement and modeling, numerical modeling, electromagnetic compatibility and engineering education. During his career, Dr

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger Forsgren, NASA Headquarters; Lauren Miller, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

NASA lessons learned. Mr. Forsgren began his career at Cleveland’s NASA Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn) in 1983 as an apprentice mechanic. After attending evening classes and gaining years of experience, he was promoted to a project manager role. Success in this position led to a move to NASA Headquarters in 2005 to become the deputy director of NASA APPEL under Dr. Ed Hoffman. Mr. Forsgren holds a Bachelor of Arts and Sciences from Georgetown University, and a Bachelor Degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Master's Degree in Manufacturing Engineering, both from Cleveland State University. His contributions have been recognized by the Agency, having

Conference Session

Student Paper Presentation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melanie Watson, Louisiana Tech University; Krystal Corbett, Louisiana Tech University; Kyle Prather, Louisiana Tech University; Jenna Carpenter, Louisiana Tech University; Stanley Cronk, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Students Constituent Committee

, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) graduate programs typically provideinsufficient instruction for doctoral students electing to pursue a career in higher educationinstruction. Often, doctoral students who teach classes are required to offer lectures or even fullcourses without any formal training1, 2. Therefore, a doctoral student’s transition to a facultyposition may raise concerns from a university administration concerned with maintaining thequality of its course delivery. This paper documents the account of three doctoral students andtwo engineering faculty members while co-teaching/teaching a project-centered first-yearintroductory engineering course. The implementation of a preparatory teaching program fordoctoral students in the

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ECET: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane LeClair, Excelsior College; Li-Fang Shih, Excelsior College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2010-2261: IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEMATIC OUTCOMESASSESSMENT PLAN TO ENSURE ACCOUNTABILITY AND CONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENT IN A NON-TRADITIONAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGY PROGRAMJane LeClair, Excelsior College Dr. Jane LeClair is currently the Dean of the school of Business and Technology at Excelsior College in Albany, New York. Dr. LeClair’s career in the nuclear industry spanned two decades in various management positions, most recently working for Constellation Energy. She has been involved in many aspects of the industry, including CONTE, MANTG, and ANS ETWD chair. She continues to collaborate with the nuclear industry on various projects.Li-Fang Shih, Excelsior College Dr. Li-Fang Shih

Conference Session

Track 1 - Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Shankar Muthu Krishnan, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Curriculum and Lab Development

and protocols. A co-op program with four phases and multipleactivity/training segments at a large teaching hospital has been very successful with students fromthree universities in U.S., France and Canada. Other students did their co-op at a research center,with service contractors, or with project teams on commissioning and installation of specializedequipment. These students generally prepared a written report with appropriate approvalemployers.With the proposed co-op model, graduates are better trained in the BME field. They get valuableexperience of understanding real life problems and participating in solving them. They can assestheir own interests and develop necessary practical skills to succeed in their careers. Some studentscan

Conference Session

Track 1 - Session I - Student Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Sigrid Berka, University of Rhode Island; Walter von Reinhart, University of Rhode Island; Erin Papa, University of Rhode Island

Tagged Topics

Invited - Student Development

21.38.3Table 2: Overall satisfaction with the IEP program and its international componentsIn general, participants saw the value of their semester abroad predominantly in the opportunityto improve their language skills and as an enriching cultural and personal experience, and less asa preparation for their professional career.The study-abroad experienceAlmost all participants (97%) valued their semester abroad as a personal growth experience;95% as an opportunity to improve their language skills and to experience a foreign culture; and88% appreciated the opportunity to make new friends. Participants attributed less value to thestudy-abroad experience as a preparation for their professional career. Only 65% of participantswere absolutely or very

Conference Session

Recruiting, Retention & Advising

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Frank Jacobitz; Kathleen Kramer; Rick Olson

other personal challenges during their collegecareers.This paper will introduce the Passport to Success program and how it is implemented across theUniversity. Details regarding adoption in ENGR 101 will be presented. The effect of thePassport program on engineering student perceptions of their preparation for a successfulcollegiate career will be discussed.Introduction and BackgroundThe preceptorial method of teaching was introduced by Woodrow Wilson when he was thePresident of Princeton University in 19051. As originally developed, preceptorial coursesincluded a high degree of personal interaction between the instructor (or preceptor) and thestudents (precepts). Rather than rely on a traditional lecture, the preceptors guide the

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

James Bartlett

the respective student organization for fifty percent oftheir course grade. This encouraged student chosen engagements with industry, professors,upper classmen, and each other. The resultant activities accommodated individual learningstyles, interests, and career paths. Based on the Individual Development and EducationalAssessment (IDEA) Center nationally normalized long-form survey of the student reactions tothis instruction and course, three aspects of the teaching methods and style were ratedsignificantly higher than for other classes of similar size and level of student motivation. Thesehighly rated aspects were relevant to the essential and important objectives of the course andinvolved fostering student collaboration, establishing

Collection

ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Charlotte Gottilla, University of Delaware

Tagged Topics

Diversity

, reflecting the benefits of student ownership andaccountability [4]. Two alumni Malawi PMs also responded to the survey and highlighted skillsthat carried over from EWB-UD to their careers, including interpersonal communication,technical writing, and flexibility. These are examples of durable skills, which apply across abroad range of industries and job titles and will last through a student’s lifelong career [23]. Aunique skill taught to EWB-UD PMs is financial management, as students balance an annualproject budget, coordinate international financial transfers, and track in-country payments totranslators, contractors, and drivers. These financial skills, outside the scope of a typicalengineering curriculum, have diverse applications in students

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 3: Teaching Equity through Assets-Based Journaling: Using Community Cultural Wealth to Guide Student Reflections

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Gabriella Coloyan Fleming, University of Texas at Austin; Jessica Deters, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Maya Denton, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

water resources engineering from the University of Texas at Austin (UT-Austin), and her PhD in STEM education from UT-Austin. Before graduate school, she worked for an industrial gas company in a variety of engineering roles. Her research in engineering and STEM education focuses on career pathways within engineering and issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024Teaching Equity throughAssets-Based Journaling:Using Community Cultural Wealth to Guide Student Reflections Gabriella Coloyan Fleming, Jessica Deters, Maya Denton 1

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Tom Merrill, Rowan University; Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University; Mary M. Staehle, Rowan University; Robi Polikar, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Istanbul Tech- nical University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1993, and his M.Sc and Ph.D. degrees, both co-majors in electrical engineering and biomedical engineering, from Iowa State University, Ames, IA in 1995 and 2000, re- spectively. His current research interests within computational intelligence include ensemble systems, incremental and nonstationary learning, and various applications of pattern recognition in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering. He is a member of IEEE, ASEE, Tau Beta Pi and Eta Kappa Nu. His re- cent and current works are funded primarily through NSF’s CAREER and Energy, Power and Adaptive Systems (EPAS) programs

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Giersch, Broad-based Knowledge; Flora P. McMartin, Broad-based Knowledge, LLC; Elizabeth Nilsen, National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA); Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Phil Weilerstein, National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA)

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

specifically on implementing, evaluating, conducting outreach for and promoting the sustainability of education digital libraries. Prior to establishing a consulting practice, Giersch worked in the private sector conducting market analyses and assessments related to deploying technology in higher education. She received a M.S.L.S. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Dr. Flora P McMartin, Broad-based Knowledge, LLC Flora P. McMartin is the Founder of Broad-based Knowledge, LLC (BbK) , a consulting rm focused on the evaluation of the use and deployment of technology assisted teaching and learning. Throughout her career, she as served as an External Evaluator for a number of NSF-funded projects associated with

Conference Session

Integrating Engineering & Liberal Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #10028Torquing Engineering: Historical and Contemporary Challenges to the Tech-nical Core via InternationalizationProf. Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. Brent K. Jesiek is Assistant Professor in the Schools of Engineering Education and Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. He is also an Associate Director of Purdue’s Global En- gineering Program, leads the Global Engineering Education Collaboratory (GEEC) research group, and is the recent recipient of an NSF CAREER award to study boundary-spanning roles and competencies among early career engineers. He holds a B.S. in

Conference Session

Simulations and Project Based Learning I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason K. Durfee P.E., Eastern Washington University; Donald C. Richter, Eastern Washington University; Martin William Weiser, Eastern Washington University; N.M. A. Hossain, Eastern Washington University; Hani Serhal Saad, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Washington University Page 24.1324.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Using Course Projects to Infuse Innovation throughout the Undergraduate Experience in the Engineering and Engineering Technology CurriculumEngineering and Engineering Technology students need to learn how to innovate and embracenew technologies as they develop and progress through their careers. Accomplishing thischallenge requires the undergraduate degree programs to provide the first opportunities forinnovation technological problems to gain experience and confidence before they reach theCapstone course. This paper describes the learning experiences in innovation

Conference Session

Manufacturing Partnerships

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

from a summer research program forundergraduate engineering students. Students were recruited from colleges throughout the U.S.from disciplines such as mechanical, manufacturing, electrical, and biomedical engineering andcomputer science. Special effort was made to recruit students who had limited opportunities toparticipate in research on their home campuses or belonged to groups that are traditionallyunderrepresented in engineering and science. Program objectives were to help participants tounderstand the research process, to acquire laboratory skills, and to be well-positioned forgraduate school and career success. Participants spent 10 weeks working on a research projectwith a mentor and a graduate student. Opinion survey data suggests

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Armando A. Rodriguez, Arizona State University; Anita Grierson, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

students, especially women and underrepresented minority students, and her research in the areas of recruitment and retention. A SWE and ASEE Fellow, she is a frequent speaker on career opportunities and diversity in engineering.Dr. Armando A. Rodriguez, Arizona State University Prior to joining the ASU Electrical Engineering faculty in 1990, Dr. Armando A. Rodriguez worked at MIT, IBM, AT&T Bell Laboratories and Raytheon Missile Systems. He has also consulted for Eglin Air Force Base, Boeing Defense and Space Systems, Honeywell and NASA. He has published over 200 technical papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings–over 60 with students. He has authored three engineering texts on classical controls

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Joshua M. Sanchez; Ethan Weems; Han Hu

theintegration of numerical simulation modeling into traditional mechanical engineeringcoursework along with the implementation of field-driven design approaches in design-centricclasses. Despite being commonplace throughout professional environments within industry andacademia, undergraduate engineering students often have little to no exposure to computationalmodeling techniques without taking elective courses or pursuing academic research. Bypresenting traditional theory alongside numerical simulations illustrative of coincident content,students are provided multiple approaches to a given problem that serve to enhancecomprehension of core material while gradually developing a marketable skill that can be usedthroughout an engineering career. Further

Conference Session

Transfer issues between 2-year colleges and 4-year Engineering and Engineering Technology programs 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Dillon, University of Washington; EC Cline, University of Washington Tacoma; Emese Hadnagy, University of Washington Tacoma ; Sarah L Rodriguez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Amanda K Sesko, University of Washington Tacoma; Rebecca N Sliger, Tacoma Community College; Noelle Wilson

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College Division (TYCD)

historically marginalized populations at higher education institutions. Currently, Dr. Rodriguez is involved with several large-scale interdisciplinary research projects focused on institutional environments and STEM identity development are sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Kapor Center. In recent years, she was selected as an Early Career Awardee and Faculty Fellow with the American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education (AAHHE) and a NASPA Emerging Faculty Leader. She also received the Barbara Townsend Early Career Scholar Award by the Council for the Study of Community Colleges (CSCC) and gave the distinguished ASHE-CAHEP Barbara Townsend Lecture. To learn more about her current projects

Collection

2024 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Timothy Frank; Daphne DePorres; Emily Stoneham; Joel Sloan P.E.; Vincent Bongionanni; Eric Tucker

. Course-related activities are designed to optimize astudent’s potential and chances of success within a chosen career path by providing andsupporting opportunities and experiences that enhance their professional identity and careerprospects (Holland, 2010). In this way, Engineering Problem Solving can be seen as a course thathelps students explore, adopt and/or solidify their engineering identity or by contrast, determinethat engineering is not a preferred part of their identity. Exploration of engineering identity wereencouraged in the course through gaining insights from professionals and developing new skillsthrough projects (Noe & Wilk, 1993). A study by (Holland, et al., 2012) explored how engagingin "capitalization activities