Conference Session

Learning and Assessment in ME

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark F. Schar, Stanford University; Sarah L. Billington, Stanford University; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

influences (EQ) and understanding the rules underlying asystem (SQ), as it relates to this curriculum experience. Systemizing is defined as the drive andability to analyze the rules underlying a system, in order to predict its behavior and appears to becentral to the understanding of engineering. Empathizing is defined as both the interest andability to identify another's mental states and to respond to these with one of a range ofappropriate emotions.10The SQ-EQ model places these cognitive styles in tension and compares the relative strength ofthese styles within individuals as a predictor of their cognitive behavior. For example, S>E is anindividual that favors systemizing thinking over empathizing thinking, while E>S is anindividual that

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Odesma Onika Dalrymple, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Srividya Kona Bansal, Arizona State University; Ashraf Gaffar; Randi Michelle Taylor

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

-sourceweb-based tool that will guide individual or collaborating STEM educators, step-by-step,through an outcome-based education process as they define learning objectives, select content tobe covered, develop an instruction and assessment plan, and define the learning environment andcontext for their course(s). It will also contain a repository of current best pedagogical andassessment practices, and based on selections the user makes when defining the learningobjectives of the course, the IMODTM system will present options for assessment and instructionthat aligns with the type/level of student learning desired. While one of the key deliverables ofthe project is the software tool, the primary focus of this initiative is to advance the

Conference Session

Assessment of Student Learning 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jesse Pappas, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference Session

FPD 8: Engineering Math Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya D Ennis, University of Colorado Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder; Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

learning system continuously tabulates and communicates student and classprogress in a variety of ways, including progress (a list of objectives indicating what a studentcan do and what s/he is ready to learn), percent mastery since the last assessment, and a pie chartshowing the state of overall course mastery. Each pie slice represents a topic module, and themastery of each module is represented by the “filling up” of the slice. Complete module masteryis indicated by a completely full slice of pie, as demonstrated with the case study examples inFigures 6 and 7 that show ALEKS initial and final assessment pie charts. All students completedthe ALEKS math placement assessment before the fall term; the initial and final ALEKSassessments were

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries (ELD) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David A Zwicky, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

in-person outreach to that college’s community. That said, the opening ofHunt Library changes the dynamic of library service delivery on Centennial Campus. HuntLibrary’s effect on the continuing viability of the Ask Us Here service will need to be examined.Works Cited 1. The James B. Hunt Jr. Library. (2013). Retrieved 1/7/2013, from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/huntlibrary 2. Duke, J., Hartman, S., & Locknar, A. (2006). Reaching the Engineering and Science Communities: New Technologies and Approaches at MIT. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship 1(45). Retrieved from http://www.istl.org/06-winter 3. Axford, M., Bedner, R., Carpenter, C., Critz, L. J., Madden, M. L., Mathews, B. S., et al. (2006). Creating a

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 2

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Sarath Chandra Kumar Jagupilla P.E., Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Elizabeth O'Connell, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Muhammad R Hajj, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

may serve as an indicator that a student is struggling academically. An outreach program to connect with the most underperforming students and having them participate in events might help them. Literature Review [1] M. W. Ohland, S. D. Sheppard, G. Lichtenstein, O. Eris, D. Chachra, and R. A. Layton, “Persistence, Engagement, and Migration in Engineering Programs,” J of Engineering Edu, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 259–278, Jul. 2008, doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2008.tb00978.x. [2] D. R. Simmons, Y. Ye, M. W. Ohland, and K. Garahan, “Understanding Students’ Incentives for and Barriers to Out-of-Class Participation: Profile of Civil Engineering Student Engagement,” J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., vol. 144, no. 2, p

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy B Chan Hilton, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Institutional Culture Change. Journal of Learning Analytics, 6(2), 86-94. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1224131[2] Chan Hilton, A., Blunt, S., and Mitchell, Z. (2022). Capacity-Building to Transform STEM Education Through Faculty Communities in Learning Analytics and Inquiry. ASEE 2022 Annual Conference and Exhibition, June 2022, Minneapolis, MN. Retrieved from https://peer.asee.org/42085[3] Barron, K. & Hulleman, C. (2014). Expectancy-Value-Cost Model of Motivation. In: International Encyclopedia of Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) (ed. J. D. Wright), 503-509. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.26099-6[4] Wigfield, A. & Eccles, J.S. (2000). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation

Collection

2013 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Nian Zhang; Charles Williams; Esther Ososanya; Wagdy Mahmoud

develop aresource efficient prediction model for any quantifiable data set. By continuing this research andtesting a wider variety of data sets, we can get a better understanding to the strengths andweaknesses of this system. While it is a relatively new method within the computationalsciences, LS-SVM is a very promising and exciting avenue for computer scientists interested inregression, function estimation, classification, and prediction.Acknowledgments:The authors would like to express thanks to the University of the District of Columbia STEMCenter (NSF/HBCU-UP/HRD-0928444) grant and DC Water Resources Research Institute(WRRI) Grant.References: 1. Potomac Conservancy, State of the Nation‟s River, Potomac Watershed. 2007. Available:http

Collection

2013 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Birajan Singh Bista; Paul Cotae

thefilter in the discrete domain, is converted to the analog domain, and then the transfer function ofthe filter is calculated in the analog domain. Once, this is achieved the transfer function in theanalog domain is converted to the digital domain by performing a one to one mapping of thefunction in the s-domain to the function in the z-domain. Usually in order to obtain the stabilitycondition, it is necessary to make sure that all of the components in the left half side of the s-plane is mapped to the values inside the unit circle of the complex z-plane. II Design Methods FIR filters can be designed in a number of ways. The most common methods ofdesigning FIR filters are design by windowing, frequency sampling method and the

Collection

2024 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Erin Marie Furtak; Caitlin Anderson; Shannon Boutwell; Sam Haven; Melinda Lopez; Samantha Duwe; Janet Green; Adam Kellerman; Linda Parker; Lauren Blum

. Questions for Discussion We hope that sharing our in-progress unit at the ASEE conference will createopportunities for us to share our unit design with others seeking to embed engineering designexperiences into required high school science courses. Acknowledgement This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. 2149782. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation. References Banilower, E. R., Smith, P. S., Malzahn, K. A., Plumley, C. L., Gordon, E. M., & Hayes, M

Conference Session

Empowering Diversity in Engineering Education: Strategies and Impacts

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gabriella Coloyan Fleming; Christine Julien, University of Texas at Austin; Kiersten Elyse Fernandez, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

who might not have had other chances to learn aboutengineering. One female counselor noticed that girl campers were less confident speaking if boycampers were present and worked with another female counselor to “all show each other girlscan do it”. Two counselors were interested in applying for the job as a means of challenginginjustice by providing the camp opportunity to “students like them”. Participants spoke about nothaving such camps available when they were in middle and high school, and how they wouldhave benefited from such programs. One shared that she chose to be a counselor to be a “spark ofinspiration” for “underrepresented kids” because she “really like[s] the message”. Anothershared what it meant to him to be able to be a

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division GIFTS: Great Ideas For Teaching Students

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Clark, Ohio Northern University; Stephany Coffman-Wolph, Ohio Northern University; Lauren H. Logan, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings, Atlanta, Georgia: ASEE Conferences, Jun. 2013, p. 23.120.1-23.120.13. doi: 10.18260/1-2--19134.[2] K. J. Reid, D. Reeping, T. Hertenstein, G. Fennel, and E. Spingola, “Development of a Classification Scheme for ‘Introduction to Engineering’Courses,” in 2013 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), Oklahoma City, OK, USA: IEEE, Oct. 2013, pp. 1564– 1570. doi: 10.1109/FIE.2013.6685101.[3] B. D. Jones, M. C. Paretti, S. F. Hein, and T. W. Knott, “An Analysis of Motivation Constructs with First-Year Engineering Students: Relationships Among Expectancies, Values, Achievement, and Career Plans,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 319–336, Oct. 2010, doi: 10.1002/j

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 28

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikita Dawe, University of Toronto; Amy Bilton, University of Toronto; Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

(Engeström), Daiute [48],[49] recognizes the social, dynamic nature of narratives to inform data collection and analysismethods. According to these theories, it is important to consider the interdependence inherent inthe broader context of experience and narration. This perspective aligns with this research as oursurvey reinforced the complexity of individual experiences of lifelong learning.In narrative research, the researcher needs to make plausible interpretations within the bounds ofthe narrative(s) because they capture complex experiences that are not aligned with hypothesistesting paradigms [50]. To bring forward meaningful evidence in interview approaches involvinghomogenous groups, 12 participants are typically sufficient for thematic

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 14

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Neha Kardam, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

individual(s) involved in thematic analysis toengage in a phase of reflexivity [26] after the data have been classified. Reflexivity involvesquestioning the assumptions made during coding of the data to identify potential biases in thecoding and ultimately in the conclusions drawn from the data. Potential reflexivity bias isexplored in the Limitations section of this manuscript.In this study, thematic analysis was initially applied to identify broad themes in the data. Afterinitial patterns in the data were identified, one or more of these broad (primary) themes wereassigned to each student response. Once the dataset was broken down into this primary set ofthemes, responses within each theme were re-examined to determine whether secondary themeswere

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radana Dvorak; John L. Whiteman, Saint Martin's University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

new, marketable job skills,including IoT hardware, cloud technologies, cryptography, planning, budgeting, intellectualproperty rights, and networking. However, more importantly, the students delivered a productwith their newfound skills to help protect people's privacy. Team SIHDD (from left to right): Garrett Orwig, Nadaa Elbarbary, Krizia Ragotero, Hayden JonesReferences[1] S. Sami, B. Sun, S. Tan, and J. Han, "LAPD: Hidden Spy Camera Detection using Smartphone Time-of-Flight Sensors," in SenSys '21, Coimbra, Portugal. November 15- 17, 2021. Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485730.3485941[2] Z. Yu, Z. Li, Y. Chang, S. Fong, J. Liu, and N. Zhang, "HeatDeCam: Detecting

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division (EMD) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee Rottner, University of California, Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management Division (EMD)

autonomous agent that provides automated feedback on students' negotiation skills,” in Proc. of the 16th Conf. on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Syst., pp. 410–418, May 2017.[4] M. Wheeler, “Introduction to special issue: Artificial Intelligence, technology, and negotiation,” Negotiation J., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 5–12, 2021.[5] Reuters, “ChatGPT sets record for fastest-growing user base - analyst note,” 2023. [Online]. Available: www.reuters.com/technology/chatgpt-sets-record-fastest-growing-user-base- analyst-note-2023-02-01/[6] D. Kolb, Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1984.[7] S. Brookfield, Understanding and Facilitating

Conference Session

Instructional Showcase

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jordan, Arizona State University; Katie Spreitzer, Arizona State University; Sarah Bendok

Tagged Topics

Professional Interest Council (PIC)

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

Paper ID #44407Lighting a Pathway to Energy Transitions: Collecting, Interpreting and SharingEngineering Designs and Research Data Across a School-based AgrivoltaicsCitizen Science Network (Pre-College Resource/Curriculum Exchange)Dr. Michelle Jordan, Arizona State University Michelle Jordan is as associate professor in the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College at Arizona State University. She also serves as the Education Director for the QESST Engineering Research Center. Michelleˆa C™s program of research focuses on social interactMs. Katie Spreitzer, Arizona State UniversitySarah Bendok ©American Society for

Collection

15th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience Conference (FYEE)

Authors

Roshina Babu, The University of Utah

in Spring2024 and informal in-class feedback from students indicated that the activity improved theirtheoretical knowledge and problem-solving skills. Mechanisms to assess the effectiveness of thishands-on activity in improving student outcomes will be implemented in future semesters.References[1] J. R. Grohs, T. Kinoshita, B. J. Novoselich, and D. B. Knight, "Exploring learner engagementand achievement in large undergraduate engineering mechanics courses," in 2015 ASEE AnnualConference & Exposition, 2015.[2] J. W. Giancaspro, D. Arboleda, N. J. Kim, S. J. Chin, J. C. Britton, and W. G. Secada, "Anactive learning approach to teach distributed forces using augmented reality with guidedinquiry," Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ., vol. 32, no. 2

Collection

15th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience Conference (FYEE)

Authors

Cory Budischak, Temple University; Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware; Brian Patrick O'Connell, Northeastern University

classroom problem based learning and design thinking, he also co-founded the STEPS program (funded through NSF S-STEM) to support low-income, high-achieving engineering students. Budischak holds a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering and enjoys outdoor activities with his family.Dr. Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware Haritha Malladi is an Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Director of First-Year Engineering at the University of Delaware. She received her Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India, and her MS and PhD in Civil Engineering from North Carolina State University. She is a teacher-scholar working in the

Collection

15th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience Conference (FYEE)

Authors

Angelika Aldea Tamura, University of California, Davis; Tiffany Marie Chan, University of California, Davis; Xianglong Wang, University of California, Davis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

] Case study: Ayesha and the Trade Show [14] – addressing invisibility and “old-boy 6 network” in workplace 7 Continue the case study from the previous week 8 Panel: Women in Engineering 9 No lecture. Students attend Women+ in Biomedical Engineering Lunches 10 Wrap-upReferences[1] M. J. Johnson and S. D. Sheppard, "Relationships between engineering student and faculty demographics and stakeholders working to affect change," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 139-151, 2004.[2] G. Lichtenstein, H. L. Chen, K. A. Smith, and T. A. Maldonado, "Retention and persistence of women and minorities along the engineering pathway in the United States

Collection

2023 CIEC

Authors

Mauricio Torres; Ying Shang

3 higher; EGR 2600. Co-requisite(s): EGR 2710 EM 2900 - Advanced Machining (*) 3 MET 2800 EM 3100 - Additive Manufacturing Processes (*) 3 EM 2900 EM 3200 - Advanced Additive Manufacturing (*) 3 EM 3100 Total Credits Required 18 (*) New coursesThe courses EGR 1710, EGR 2710 and MET 2800 are currently part of the MechanicalEngineering Technology program and they will lay the foundation needed for students toprogress towards more complex subjects. The courses EM 2900, EM 3100 and EM 3200 are newand will be focused on advanced manufacturing

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Barker, University of Virginia; Brian P. Helmke, University of Virginia; Lynn Mandeltort, University of Virginia; Jessica Taggart, University of Virginia; Timothy E. Allen, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

for the Course Design Institute and faculty development workshops on Equity in Collaborative Learning, Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and Specifications Grading. As former Director of Undergraduate Research for the UVA School of Engineering and Applied Science, Brian created Starting an Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE), a student-led program to lower barriers to entry in research experiences for 1st-year engineering students. Brian has received the Harold S. Morton Teaching Prize for excellence in 1st- and 2nd-year teaching in engineering, and he is a BMES Fellow. Brian is co-founder and Deputy Editor in Chief of the journal Biomedical Engineering Education. Brian’s science and engineering research

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Tubbs, University of North Dakota; Paige Beduhn, University of North Dakota; Ryan Striker, University of North Dakota; Enrique Alvarez Vazquez, University of North Dakota; Dan Ewert, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

preliminary findings point towards a positive experience. Future researchwill include interview responses and response analysis, which will draw the study conclusionsand recommendations for enhancing practical, authentic learning experiences within engineeringcurricula.VII. References[1] AE Brooks, DL Ewert, "Discovery-Based Learning: A Bridge Between Research andTeaching." ISA Biomed. Sci. Instrum. Symp.. Vol. 53. 2017.[2] D. Gürdür Broo, O. Kaynak, and S. M. Sait, “Rethinking engineering education at the age ofindustry 5.0,” Journal of Industrial Information Integration, vol. 25, p. 100311, Jan. 2022, doi:10.1016/j.jii.2021.100311.[3] [S. R. Brunhaver, R. F. Korte, S. R. Barley, and S. D. Sheppard, “Bridging the Gaps betweenEngineering Education

Collection

2008 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Wolf-Dieter Otte; Anthony Crain

for a number of years. In these classes, students were “learning bydoing” in a semi-professional environment.Software engineering is concerned with creating and maintaining software applications byapplying technologies and practices from computer science, project management, engineering,application domains, and other fields. In other words, Software Engineering encompasses “hardskills” that pertain to Computer Science, application domain(s) and process knowledge as well as“soft skills”, like thinking conceptually, attending to detail, working in a team, leading a team,etc. Unlike hard skills, soft skills are discipline-neutral.This paper reflects on experiences the author made with optimizing the composition of projectteams. Optimization of

Collection

2011 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Monty J. Smith; Lakshmi Sudhaker

of the differential equation in (??) (and disregarding any terms associatedwith initial conditions at time zero, i.e., t  0 ), we obtainG(s) X (s)  L(   2wn x  wn x)  L(wn sin(wt ))  U (s) and appropriate substitution (s=wj) we have the gain 2 2 x and phase functions | G ( jw) | wn2 (7) ( wn  w2 ) 2  (2wwn ) 2 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Jared Rainwater; Steve E. Watkins; Benjamin Cooper

Comparison of Approaches VM AccomplishmentsJ. Rainwater - CpSc Department Object-Oriented Approach Traditional Procedural Approach ● Object Memory: Fully functionalS. E. Watkins - ECE Department ● Able to split code up into ● Code is monolithic with one ● Interpreter: Executes arithmetic Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO segments with goals to improve executable or several large and control flow bytecodesB. Cooper - Simplex Technologies efficiency, flexibility, and executables Rolla, MO ● Controller

Collection

2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Jacob Marszalek

improvements are needed.18/09/2018 Marszalek-2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference 210 Helpful Hints (cont., Teles, 2011)4. While accountability is important, evaluation of impact and effectiveness is vital5. Evaluate both short‐ and long‐term goals, develop indicators to use to measure progress, and create timelines6. Develop the evaluation plan jointly with the evaluator(s)18/09/2018 Marszalek-2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference 310 Helpful Hints (cont., Teles, 2011)7. Assign responsibilities for various components of the evaluation.8. Use the evaluation literature: • NSF’s web site • Online Evaluation Resource Library (OERl) • http://oerl.sri.com/ • Field‐Tested Learning

Collection

2010 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Christopher C. Ibeh

that has flight path correction.Subhasish Mitra, Philip H. S. Wong, “Nanotechnology-Carbon Nanotube (CNT)Electronics,” Stanford Nanofabrication Lab25-26This research effort epitomizes some of the best practices in nanoelectronics as it leveragesfundamental research in CNT science into useful nano-chip technology for high speedcomputing based on quarter-size CNT chips. CNTs are highly electrically conductive, andtheir small, nanometer size allows for wafer scale, smaller circuits than the conventionalsilicon circuits. In this, CNT instead of silicon is grown on quartz wafer facilitated by catalystnanoparticles at 900 oC for 17 hours. This growth process is carried out at optimal conditionsof density, length and uniformity to marginalize the

Collection

2010 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Raymond Addabbo

, = 0, we obtain a second order nonlinear ordinary dtdifferential equation, d 2θ (3) + ω 02 sin θ = 0. dt 2The units of physical parameters are emphasized that is, angular frequency, frequency and periodas summarized below in table 1. Name of Parameter Symbol Units Angular Frequency g rad ω0 = s l

Collection

2010 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

M Nazrul Islam

encryption using a joint transform correlator architecture,” Optical Engineering, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 2031–2035, 2000.[2] P. Refregier and B. Javidi, “Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding,” Optics Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 767 – 769, 1995.[3] B. Javidi and T. Nomura, “Polarization encoding for optical security systems,” Optical Engineering, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 2439 – 2443, 2000.[4] Y. H. Doh, J. S. Yoon, K. H. Choi and M. S. Alam, “Optical security system for the protection of personal identification information,” Applied Optics, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 742 – 750, 2005.[5] B. Javidi, L. Bernard and N. Towghi, “Noise performance of double-phase encryption compared to XOR encryption,” Optical