Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas David, Iowa State University; Suman Debnath, Purdue University; Munadir Aziz Ahmed; Dionysios C. Aliprantis, Iowa State University; Maryam Saeedifard, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

several activities that appeal to all learning styles 11. The course was designed around an inquiry-based learning process that follows four basic steps: (i) concrete experience using a real-world example; Page 23.422.2 (ii) abstract conceptualization with “just-in-time” analytical theory; (iii) reflective obser- vation via a team assignment; and (iv) active experimentation in the laboratory. • At Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, an experiment has been devised to engage graduate-level (MS) students in designing a power electronic flyback converter 12. The experiment is based on the

Conference Session

Topics in Energy Management

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Lau, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

50-minute periods which is twice that for a lecture-based course, reflecting the studio nature of EDSGN 100.The first project is more structured and provides the students with an opportunity to learn andapply a design process while developing their teamwork, communication, and ethics skills. Thesecond project is industry-sponsored and more open-ended, and typically all teams in all sectionswork on the same project. Students apply stakeholder needs assessment, ideation, research,analysis, testing, concept selection, detailed design, prototyping, and reporting.In the Zero Energy Home (ZEH) project, students work in four person teams to design the homeof their dreams with the main constraint being that it must produce as much energy as it

Conference Session

It's Elementary

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Higgins, Engineering is Elementary, Museum of Science; Jonathan Hertel, Engineering is Elementary

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

processparticularly appropriate for this setting. First drafts of units used the EDP as a backdrop anddirected educators and kids to return to the EDP during reflection portions of each activity. Thispassive use of the EDP was not particularly effective. More recent versions of units employ theEDP in nearly all sections of a given activity, including the kick-off audio message from theDuo—a brother and sister pair who introduce each adventure. In the Hop to It unit, the video Page 23.464.6used to set the context for the problem presented in the unit also reinforces the engineering design process steps. Repetition of the EDP has proven to help underscore the

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger A. Green, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

a formula sheet, calculator, and two hours to completethis comprehensive exam, which contains 35 questions that reflect both theoretical and practicalcourse topics, with an emphasis on the former. In addition to tightly controlling the final exambooklet and answer sheets, the ordering of final exam questions and answers are regularlychanged to help ensure exam integrity from semester to semester. Table 1 provides a sample ofsix questions taken from the exam: questions 1 and 2 reflect more practical- and hardware-oriented topics, while questions 3 through 6 reflect more theoretical-oriented topics. As one cansee from Table 1, question level and difficulty varies. For paper clarity, correct answers arehighlighted in gray

Conference Session

New Course Development Concepts in ET

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Biswajit Ray, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

biophysical data for heart rate and skin resistance. Themeasurement system outputs skin resistance, heart rate in BPM (beats per minute), and heart ratestatus (e.g., resting, warm up, fat burning, cardio, and hardcore training). Additionally, itactuates a cooling fan for sweat control. For this application, the two contractions that make upthe heart beat (atrial systole and ventricular systole) are used. Because of these contractions, theamount of oxygenated blood changes in the extremities, for example in a fingertip. As shown inFigure 12(a), a reflective optical sensor (e.g., TCRT101014) with a photodiode emits an infraredlight which is absorbed by the deoxygenated blood in a fingertip whereas the oxygenated bloodreflects the infrared light back

Conference Session

Trends and Applications in Curricula and the Capstone Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen L. Sanford Bernhardt, Lafayette College; David S. Hurwitz, Oregon State University; Rhonda K Young, University of Wyoming; Rod E. Turochy, Auburn University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Washington State University; Joshua Swake, Oregon State University; Andrea R. Bill, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Kevin Heaslip, Utah State University; Michael Kyte, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

of the collaboration are reflected in theoutcomes.Figure 1. National Transportation Curriculum Project Mission.The National Transportation Curriculum Project was initiated at the conclusion of the 2009Transportation Engineering Educators Conference. Both the conference and the NTCP memberswere motivated by the pedagogical and professional challenges of recruiting, educating, andretaining students in the transportation profession.9 More specifically, concerns that the typicalintroductory transportation engineering course does not meet the needs of students or theprofession as well as it might prompted the NTCP to focus on that course. Within the course,NTCP members were particularly interested in moving students from lower to higher levels

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn W. Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University; Joanna F. DeFranco, Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley; Sally Sue Richmond, Penn State Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students relied on the given list of concepts to complete theirmaps, and they used most of those concepts as well. Page 23.105.7Moving to correlations involving two holistic metrics (Table 3), the negative correlations amongthe various structural patterns (hub, tree, linear, etc.) are somewhat obvious; if a map is assessedas reflecting one pattern, it is less likely to reflect another. We also note the following interestingrelationships in Table 3: • Comprehensiveness and organization (moderate to strong positive correlations) • Organization and network pattern (moderate positive correlations)As summarized in Appendix A

Conference Session

Emerging Computing and Information Technologies

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bahareh Azarnoush, Arizona State University; Jennifer M Bekki, Arizona State University; Bianca L. Bernstein, Arizona State University; George C Runger, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

doctoral students in STEM programs from 27universities around the United States were given access to the website and asked to spend at leastfive hours exploring the site in an unconstrained manner during a two-week time period. Whileparticipants explored the site, their behavior was tracked using a tracking mechanism withDrupal, which is the content management system on which the CW intervention is built.Following the exploration of the website, participants were given access to a final post-assessment, which measured key learning measures that CW is designed to influence. Theassessment instrument includes different scales that reflect the social-psychological constructssuch as Problem-Solving Knowledge, Resilience, and Coping Efficacy

Conference Session

The Biology Interface

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Patricia Mosto; Gregory Hecht; Kathryn Hollar; Stephanie Farrell

, students participate in sponsoredresearch projects during their junior and senior years. Each semester, students work inmultidisciplinary teams as part of a 2-credit course. Project funding is provided throughgovernment or industrial grants or sponsorships. Situated in southern New Jersey, Rowaninteracts with many companies in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Accordingly,the chemical engineering faculty’s areas of expertise reflects this bio-intensive regionalinterest: over half of our faculty have training in biomedical, bioprocess, andbiotechnology fields. This research interest is reflected in the types of clinic projectsoffered in the Junior/Senior Clinic course, from experiment development in drug delivery

Conference Session

FPD V: Increasing Engagement and Motivation of First-year Students

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Thompson P.E., University of Louisville; Patricia A. Ralston, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

assumptions?” Thestandards are used to evaluate the elements, “Are the assumptions valid?” Traits are used to describethe characteristics of a good critical thinker, and are the most subtle. Figure 1. The Paul-Elder Framework of critical thinking1. Page 25.529.3Various instruction methods have proven effective in encouraging critical thinking in engineeringstudents. In a review of the educational literature, Cooney et al. found two primary areas for bestpractices in critical thinking education: writing for reflection and problem-based learning2. Similarly,Romkey and Cheng highlighted interdisciplinary problems, open-ended

Conference Session

Using Applications and Projects in Teaching Mathematics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gunter Bischof, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria; Christian Steinmann, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Hours 30.03.2011 Kick-off meeting Explanation of the project and distribution of the tasks. 3 31.03.2011 Development of “RandDot” test routine Comprehension of the task; performance test 2.5 11.04.2011 Team meeting, clarification of tasks Implementation of a prototype 1 12.04.2011 Development of FHP1_simple Simple grid, reflection boundary conditions, 2 byte cell variable 3 13.04.2011 Development of FHP1_simple Real-time representation of particles 4 14.04.2011 2nd meeting with Dr. Bischof Lattice structure, FHP model, look-up table

Conference Session

Instructional Innovations and Global Issues in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuo Hung Huang, National Taipei University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

to face the challenge of making theircourses international in scope. At present, different courses are offered, as stipulated by theMinistry of Education’s core program. Although the course content for each school differssignificantly, design remains overall the most important aspect of education in architecture.Design courses are often worth far higher credit points than other courses, and thisprioritization is reflected in the arrangement of courses. However, some schools still use oldmodels in their design courses and neglect to offer specialized courses. The willingness oftheir students to learn is subsequently low, and this is reflected in complaints by teachers.Many students are initially filled with excitement, imagination, and dreams

Conference Session

Global Community Engagement in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph East, Michigan Technological University; Genevieve Gierke, Michigan Technological University; Mary Raber, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

during this summer, teaching the skillsthey have learned to others. The final year is Figure 1. Curriculum breakdown forspent working on capstone projects reflecting on a typical engineering student. Thethe coursework and international experience and percentage of class types taken for a Page 25.887.3continuing the advancement of the program. bachelor’s of science degree is shown. Figure 2. Distribution of general education

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Ehlig-Economides, University of Houston (CoE); Sukesh K. Aghara, Prairie View A&M University; Sarma V. Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Reza Toossi, California State University, Long Beach; Anthony R. Kovscek, Stanford University; Mehmet Ayar, Texas A&M University; Emily Binks-Cantrell, Texas A&M University; Don R. Gilman P.E., Texas A&M University; Dennie L. Smith, Texas A&M University; Timothy Allen Robinson, Pennsylvania State University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Page 25.901.9References 1. Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R., (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. Washington DC: National Academy Press. 2. National Academy of Engineering (2004). The engineer of 2020: Visions of engineering in the new century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 3. Toossi, R., (2011). Energy and the Environment: Choices and challenges in a changing world. Los Angeles, CA: Verve Publishers. 4. Aubrecht, G. J., (2006). Energy: Physical, environmental, and social impact

Conference Session

Active Learning and Demonstrations in Materials Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Spencer Seung-Hyun Kim, Rochester Institute of Technology; Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology; Mario H. Castro-Cedeno, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Materials

environmentfor students to study materials technology using the guided inquiry. The survey results in Q5-Q10 generally indicate positive perceptions of the active learning environment implemented bythe POGIL approaches, although there were the disagreements (1% to 3.8%) and neutralresponses (8% to 17.3%).Questions 6, 7, and 9 reflect the effectiveness of learning modules in class activities. Studentsfelt they already had a strong interest in learning course materials by the learning modules. InQuestion 6, a total of 93% of the students agreed and only 1% disagreed that the new POGILlearning modules helped them to improve conceptual development and enhance skills in study.The most neutral (17.3%) response was associated with Question 7 about how the

Conference Session

Social Media and In-class Technology: Creating Active Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Patrick Hogan, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Dan Cernusca, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

technology. Page 25.937.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Millennials Perception of Using Clicker to Support an Active Classroom Environment: An Early Adoption PerspectiveAbstractThis paper presents a multi-year study of students’ perception associated with the introduction ofa technology tool, personal response systems, starting from its initial stage to date. The goal is toprovide a reflective perspective of this topic that intertwines the instructor’s and students’ viewsassociated with the adoption of a technology tool that addresses Millennia’s need for quickfeedback

Conference Session

Simulations and Visualizations

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ricardo Medina, California State University, Los Angeles; Ashkan Motamedi, California State University, Los Angeles; Murat Okcay, Interactive Flow Studies Corporation; B. Uygar Oztekin, Interactive Flow Studies Corporation; Gustavo Borel Menezes, California State University, Los Angeles; Arturo J. Pacheco-Vega, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

variety of inserts containingdifferent obstruction geometries, allowing for the study of different flow phenomena in differentgeometries. Neutrally-buoyant polyamide seeds (particles) are added to the water to enhanceflow visualization. The seeds reflect light emitted by attached LED lights, giving the students anexcellent opportunity to visually examine the effects the obstruction has on the flow. For theproblem being analyzed, the flow rate passing through the channel is set at 0.4 gpm which givesa uniform inlet velocity of 0.1869 m/s (in the x-direction).Flowcoach uses particle image velocimetry (PIV), a technique used to obtain instantaneousvelocities of the flow at given points in space. A mounted camera captures a short video of theflow

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Progress Reports: Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University; Danny Teachman, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need foradaption of specialized design.7, 8, 10” Second, “universal design is the process of creatingproducts (devices, environments, systems, and processes) which are usable by people with thewidest possible range of abilities, operating within the widest possible range of situation(environments, conditions, and circumstances)11.”Seven principles form the foundation for universal design. They are1, 3, 8 equitable use, flexibilityin use, simple and intuitive, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, andsize and space for approach and use. These principles reflect designs that are usable by a widevariety of people for a wide range of applications. Other

Conference Session

Measurement Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura L. Pauley, Pennsylvania State University; Jonna M. Kulikowich, Pennsylvania State University; Nell Sedransk, National Institute of Statistical Sciences; Renata Engel, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. ________________________________________________________________________ Figure 6. Example of a testlet for Construct (M2).The Psychometric Evaluation of Dimensionality and Score AssignmentTypically, classical exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic and Item Response Theorymethods are used to determine the dimensionality and precision of score assignment.13,14 Thesetechniques are useful primarily when each distribution represents a single dimension and scores areassigned dichotomously. For several of the measures administered in our research (e.g.,mathematical or spatial reasoning), scores are likely to reflect multidimensionality. For instance,Construct (M2) designed to measure understanding of mathematical information includes as muchscientific content as mathematical information. From a theoretical

Conference Session

Project-based Education in Energy Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith Coogler, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

paperwork. A sun path calculator is used to view the solar window for a particular location forassessing shading. Other means can be used to evaluate shading, but sun path calculators areusually the quickest and easiest to use. The Solar Pathfinder™ is a popular type of sun pathcalculator that consists of a latitude-specific sun path diagram covered by a transparent dome.The dome reflects the entire sky and horizon on its surface, indicating the position and extent ofshading obstructions. The sun path diagram can be seen through the dome, illustrating the solarwindow. The solar window is compared to the obstruction reflections to determine the dates and

Conference Session

Been There, Done That: Advice for New Faculty

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Dahm, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

/Senior Clinic as the capstone design experiences in their programs. While theChemical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering departments haveseparate capstone design courses, these departments also recognize Junior/Senior Clinicas a course that well reflects engineering practice. Consequently Junior/Senior Clinicfigures prominently in the assessment efforts of all four programs. As noted in theprevious section, the Junior/Senior Clinic final reports were included in the portfolios ofstudent work that were reviewed at the end of every year. While the department obtainedvaluable data from the portfolio evaluation, an inefficiency in the process was alsoevident: each paper was being read by the project supervisor(s), who assigned a

Conference Session

Innovations in Civil Engineering Education III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Instructor helped me understand importance B6. Instructor used well articulated learning obj. B7. My instructor communicated effectively. B8. Laboratories contributed to my learning. B9. Instructor demonstrated positive expectations. B10. My instructor used visual images. B11. Instructor gave timely/accurate feedback. B12. Instructor was available outside classroom. B13. Grading practices are fair/reflect performance. B14. The Exam's were fair and relevant. 072S 082S 092SFigure 2 Multi-Year Assessment Department Level Pedagogy QuestionsThe results presented so far have been based on

Conference Session

Understanding and Measuring the Impact of Multidisciplinarity

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eli Patten, University of California at Berkeley; Sara Atwood, University of California, Berkeley; Lisa Pruitt, University of California, Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

identified these skills as criteria 3d and3g. Particularly in multidisciplinary fields, engineers have different motivations, technicalbackgrounds, and ways of learning. In the undergraduate classroom, students can develop skillsto communicate with their multidisciplinary team members and other audiences by taking intoaccount the variety of learning styles and backgrounds. Felder et. al.1 developed a classificationof learning styles in which individuals’ natural tendencies fall on a continuum in four categories:visual-verbal, sensing-intuitive, global-sequential, and active-reflective. We used this learningstyle classification as a framework to incorporate teamwork and professional development into amultidisciplinary course.Structural Aspects of

Conference Session

Measurement Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Carberry, Tufts University; Matthew Ohland, Purdue University; Chris Swan, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

external authorities (experts) OR can most people become better at or learn the ability to construct knowledge Justification for Knowing - Does learning consist mainly of absorbing information OR does it rely crucially on constructing one's own understanding by working through the material actively, by relating new material to prior experiences, intuitions, and knowledge, and by reflecting upon and monitoring one's understandingEngineering EpistemologyAccording to Grimson, “It is important that engineers understand the nature and provenance

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luis Godoy, University of Puerto Rico; Pedro Covassi, National University of Cordoba (Argentina)

BR, on the other hand, it is necessary to check all possiblesolutions, one by one, by comparing the available information and observe how it matchesthe case considered. Although BR may be efficient in computational intelligenceenvironments, FR is used by human experts as a shortcut to solve problems using theirprevious knowledge.• Level of understanding: Experts can identify the nature of a problem at a deep level andlink the current problem with others by analogy; novices, on the other hand, are often limitedto superficial aspects of a problem 12. According to Bransford et al. 7, “experts have acquireda great deal of content knowledge that is organized in ways that reflect a deep understandingof their subject matter”.• Storing: There are

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Simon, University of Nevada, Reno; Ted Batchman, University of Nevada-Reno; Christine Taylor, Lewis and Clark University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

rising energy prices create a renewed opportunityto move U.S. public policy and engineering education in a mutually beneficial direction. Callsfor change in the way energy education occurs are certainly not new, and earlier expressions ofconcern are a good source for our current reflection. Writing in 1973, the highly respectedRepublican legislator Howard Baker pondered the then-current oil supply shortage.4 Heconcluded that well-developed education programs linking environmental attitudes with energyuse could have a strong and lasting impact on energy consumption behaviors in the country. Inthe 1970‘s, President Jimmy Carter advocated the development of energy education programs tochange students‘ perceptions of energy and alter patterns of

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R.F. William Hollender, Montana State University; James Becker, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

microstrip circuitsMatrix representation of multi-port networks (S-,Z-,Y- and ABCD parameters)Calibration of coaxial and in-fixture VNA measurementsThe diode at radio and microwave frequenciesMicrostrip filter designPower dividers, combiners and couplersEven and odd mode analysisScattering parameter design of transistor amplifiersLinear dynamic range, noise figure and noise calculations for microwave systemsLAB / DESIGN EXERCISESIntroduction to the vector network analyzer (VNA) and basic transmission line theory –Students measure the reflections from a series of open circuit transmission lines of differentlengths and at different frequencies and compare measurement to theory.Passive component characterization using the VNA – Students measure the

Conference Session

Collaborative Projects in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charlie Setterfield, Sinclair Community College; Eric Dunn, Sinclair Community College; Russell Marcks, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

. 3. Encourage students to embrace technology to facilitate the learning process.We developed an approach to the studio which allowed students to develop their own teamleadership and management styles.B. Literature ReviewThere is a variety of literature available to discuss the advent of blog and other web-basedtechnologies in higher education, but it is usually indicated that “in those instances whereeducational applications of the blog are considered, this literature tends to be concentrated in theareas of teacher training and other professions where the use of reflective journals as a learningtool is accepted custom and practice…” [8]Boulos, Maramba and Wheeler explore the potential of technology as an aid to pedagogy. Intheir paper

Conference Session

Think Outside the Box! K-12 Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Courtney Bonuccelli, Washington State University; Denny Davis, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

(high melting point, low weight, high strength, or high flexibility)? ≠ Cost – what is a reasonable cost for the consumer: initial purchase costs, upkeep, disposal, etcFigure 3: Students testing set of liquids on a plastic penny and copper penny surface. By the end of the first day, the following learning should be achieved: (a) Writing Hypothesis - students will demonstrate that they can write a hypothesis using the correct form and accurately reflecting the question being posed (b) Following Procedures - students will identify the materials needed for each activity Page 15.961.6

Conference Session

Pedagogical Innovations in Laboratory Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anna Pereira, Michigan Technological University; Michele Miller, Michigan Technological University; Margot Hutchins, Michigan Technological Universtiy; William Helton, Michigan Technological University; Chris VanArsdale, Michigan Technological University; Leonard Bohmann, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

lab tasks, which is a small sample size, andconclusions should be considered cautiously. There does not appear to be a relationship betweenanxiety score and SSSQ post score for engagement, distress, and worry. This would imply thatthe anxiety score does not reflect stress or worry as assessed by the SSSQ as was expected.There appears to be a significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the expertise score and theSSSQ distress score. The relationship is positive, indicating that an increase in distress iscorrelated with an increase in expertise score (a surprising result). There does not appear to be arelationship between expertise score and change in SSSQ score for engagement and worry. Itshould be noted that the hard and easy tasks were