Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fabiola G. Rosales Sanchez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Nicole P. Pitterson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Karen Dinora Martinez Soto, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

contributed to the refinement ofthe observation protocol we had created. This protocol will play a key role in the larger NSF studydedicated to exploring the role of language in introductory engineering courses.Literature ReviewIn the social and behavioral sciences, direct observations are considered to be the base or root ofall research methods [1], [2]. Their main benefit of observations as a qualitative data collectionmethod is that they allow “for the researcher to see and record firsthand the activities in whichresearch participants are engaged in the context(s) in which these activities happen” [3, p. 160].Moreover, observations allow researchers to collect data about phenomena that the participantsmight not be aware of themselves and therefore

Conference Session

Redefining Inclusivity: Embracing Neurodiversity in Engineering and Computing Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Delanie Robertson, Clemson University; Leila Elizabeth Williams; Kylie Nicole Avitabile, Clemson University; D. Matthew Boyer, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

/symptoms/23154-neurodivergent[2] F. Farrant, E. Owen, F. Hunkins-Beckford, and M. Jacksa, “Celebrating neurodiversity inHigher Education,” The Psychologist, May 09, 2022.https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/celebrating-neurodiversity-higher-education (accessed Feb.08, 2024).[3] E. L. Dolan, “Course-based undergraduate research experiences: Current knowledge andfuture directions.” Natl Res Counc Comm Pap, 1, 1-34. 2016.[‌ 4] E. Burns and S. Bell, “Voices of teachers with dyslexia in Finnish and English further and higher educational settings,” Teachers and Teaching, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 529–543, Sep. 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2010.507964.[5] K. Acton and D. Huijg, “Relaxed Pedagogy: Relaxing Teaching and Learning in

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division WIPS 1: Projects, Teams, and Portfolios

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Constanza Miranda, Johns Hopkins University; Mareham Essam Yacoub, Johns Hopkins University; Rachel Saperstein McClam, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

, futurework will require the recruitment of additional people to attain theoretical saturation. Additionalquestions about the concept of a "portal", from a mentor’s point of view, will be addressed in asecond research project once we launch the mentorship initiative in August 2024. Future workwants to provide insight into how academics, life designers, and academic advisors haveinteracted with students' ePortfolios.References[1] S. University, “Stanford folio thinking initiative.” https://stanford.digication.com/foliothinking/Welcome (accessed Jan. 18, 2023).[2] G. Lorenzo and J. Ittelson, “An Overview of E-Portfolios,” Educause, no. July, 2005, [Online]. Available: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3001.pdf.[3] K

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 4: Interdisciplinary Graduate Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Webb, Virginia Tech ; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

Conference Session

Mr. Burns' Brainchild: AI in the Springfield STEM Classroom, Release the Hounds!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M Mativo, University of Georgia; Ramana Pidaparti, University of Georgia; Kimberlee Ann Swisher

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

displayed images.Four different examples are presented on how to engage students in such a lesson. The studentworksheets for the lessons are found here:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c9QqL1rZ8EhDILWkolzQz_ni2wUlF8v2/editOne example of the lesson is scenario #1, as follows:A company in Castledale, Utah, buys cocoa beans from Columbia and sugar from Hawaii tomake chocolate candy bars. They make the bars in a manufacturing plant and ship them to storesall across the United States. People love them so much and have bought enough candy bars thatsoon the company will start selling in Canada and Mexico, too.Identify the:Input(s)___________________________________________________Process(es) _______________________________________________Output(s

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division WIPS 1: Projects, Teams, and Portfolios

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Hawkins, University of Louisville; Brian Scott Robinson, University of Louisville; James E. Lewis, University of Louisville; Angela Thompson P.E., University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

is to assess the potential impact of interchangingCornerstone systems on student course perception(s) holistically. Preliminary results show that,for the fundamental topic of engineering design, there is a statistically significant differencebetween the rankings of the two cohorts.IntroductionSince the fall semester of 2016, all first-year students at the J. B. Speed School of Engineering atthe University of Louisville are required to take a two-course sequence focused on introduction,practice, and application of fundamental engineering skills. The first course in the sequence(ENGR 110) primarily focuses on introduction and practice. The second course in the sequence(ENGR 111) takes place in a 15,000 ft2 makerspace, is exclusively based in

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 6

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lin Chase, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Rob Sleezer, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

; levels of inclusion;and social identity Jensen and Cross deployed a validated quantitative instrument to engineeringstudents at three three large U. S. public universities. Their work indicated there wererelationships between the studied constructs – specifically, that reported feelings of stress,anxiety, and depression statistically decreased with increasing reports of inclusion [14].For this research we replicated the work of Jensen and Cross by deploying the same instrumentthey used in our project-based context. Using this instrument, we collected quantitative dataon: • Mental health: self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression • Professional identity: engineering identity and engineering career • Inclusion: department caring

Conference Session

Collaborations, Accreditation and Articulation Issues for International Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morteza Sadat-Hossieny, Northern Kentucky University; Elizabeth Leibach, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

International

22.946.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 International Articulation Issues an Engineering Technology Education Response to Global ChallengesAs part of Northern Kentucky University‟s (NKU) strategic plan in 2007-2012, the universitystated – that increasing globalization will require the university to become more international inscope. In accordance with this policy the engineering technology division has undertakeninternational student recruitment efforts and articulation agreements with universities abroad.This paper will discuss challenges in formulating such articulation agreements while maintainingthe integrity of existing accredited programs. The paper explains what

Conference Session

Integrating Technical Research into Professional Development and K-12 Classrooms

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chelsey Simmons, Stanford University; Beth L Pruitt, Stanford University; Kaye Storm, Stanford University; Gary Lichtenstein

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Stanford IRB approval was obtained forthis work under submitted protocol 17011.[1] "National Science Education Standards," N. R. Council, Ed.: National Academies Press, 1996, p. 262.[2] P. Grossman, C. Compton, D. Igra, and M. Ronfeldt, "Teaching practice: A cross-professional perspective," Teachers College Record, vol. 111, pp. 2055-2100, 2009.[3] H. Wenglinsky, "How Teaching Matters: Bringing the Classroom Back into Discussions of Teacher Quality," Policy Information Center, Educational Testing Service2000.[4] S. C. Silverstein, J. Dubner, J. Miller, S. Glied, and J. D. Loike, "Teachers

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

chapter, Expertiza automatically calculates due dates for later chapters based on a rule—that each due date for each chapter is say, two weeks, later than the corresponding due date for the latest prerequisite chapter. Thus, if Chapter 1’s resubmission deadline is, say, on Sept. 3, and Chapter 1 is a prerequisite for Chapter 2, then Chapter 2’s resubmission deadline will be on Sept. 17. The system sends an e-mail reminder to each student a day or two before the deadline for submitting or reviewing (the instructor determines how far in advance the e-mail is sent). 4. Dashboard for monitoring wiki textbook construction. The instructor needs to be able to keep close tabs on the

Conference Session

Pedagogical Issues in Computing

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chia-Lin Ho, North Carolina State University; Dianne Raubenheimer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

academic performance 2 and work-related performance 3. In an effort tounderstand the role of self-efficacy in engineering education, this study focused onengineering/computer science self-efficacy and computer self-efficacy and examined theirrelationship to computational capabilities, gender, and academic performance. In particular, theresearch question addressed in this study was whether acquiring specific computationalcapabilities would contribute to students’ self-efficacy beliefs in engineering/computer scienceand in the use of computers. Additionally, replication of the relationship of self-efficacy togender and academic performance was expected.Self-efficacySelf-efficacy refers to an individual's belief(s) that s/he can successfully perform

Conference Session

Energy Education and Industrial Partnership Needs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Eydgahi, Eastern Michigan University; Edward Lee Long IV, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

with a 1992 manual Chevy S-10 pickup as shown in figure 1. This vehiclewas chosen as its bed gave us an easy location to store batteries, its manual transmission allowsfor an easier adaptation to an electric motor, and it was readily available.We calculated the power required to reach a number of different top speeds as well as the rangeassociated with them based on the weight of the truck, weight of the proposed electricalcomponents, dimensions, and the desired range. Figure 1: The Manual Chevy S-10pPickupFirst, to determine the power needed to reach the targeted highway speeds, the forces acting onthe moving truck were considered. The truck dimensions and weight were determined after theconversion and are shown in

Conference Session

Computer Science and Information Technology in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Papini Warren, Maui Economic Development Board; Leslie Wilkins, Maui Economic Development Board

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

the design and production ofvarious goods and services.” 3Geospatial Education Needed to Fuel the Workforce Demand in HawaiiIn alignment with national trends, the number of job opportunities in Hawaii that require trainingor experience in geospatial technologies has dramatically increased in the last decade.Employers of all types are looking for skilled GIS technicians, remote sensing analysts, andgeospatial engineers. However, the local workforce is not able to meet this demand. Manyemployers end up recruiting and relocating hires from outside of the state. In addition to theextra expense this entails, employers also experience turnover in hires without island ties due todifficulties in adjusting to the island‟s isolation, high cost of

Conference Session

Computer Science Applications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norena Martin-Dorta, University of La Laguna; Isabel Sánchez Berriel, University of La Laguna; David López Rodríguez; Héctor Amado; Jose Luis Saorin, Universidad de La Laguna; Manuel Contero, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano (I3BH)

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2011-1653: DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A 3D CONSTRUCTIONMOBILE GAME FOR THE IPHONE/IPOD TOUCH PLATFORMNORENA MARTIN-DORTA, University of La Laguna Norena Martin-Dorta is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Graphics and CAD at La Laguna University (ULL). She earned a degree in Architectural Technology in 1998 from ULL, an MS degree in Library Science and Documentation in 2005 and a Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering in 2009 from UPV. She joined La Laguna University in 2001 and her research interests include development of spatial abilities using multimedia technologies and sketch-based modeling. Address: Av. ngel Guimer s/n, Escuela de Ingeniera de la Edificacin, Dpt. de Expresin Grfica en Arquitectura e Ingeniera

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Ann M. Bisantz; Amjad Aref; Alexander N. Cartwright

and the new satellite by looking on theWorld Wide Web, and then repositioned the satellite dish guided by a string and protractor. The majority of customers werereceiving service via alternative satellites by Friday, May 22.References: The New York Times, May 21, 1998. "Satellite Failure is Rare, and Therefore Unsettling." L. Zuckerman. The New York Times, May 22, 1998. "Most of Silenced U. S. Pagers are said to Operate Again." S. Schiesel.Figure 4: Description of a Communications Satellite Failure. III. Initial Evaluation Methodology The case was developed and pilot tested during a week-long NSF sponsored Case Studies in Science Workshop held at the State University of New York at Buffalo. The approximately 1.5 hour case

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Voigt; Patricia Warren; Charles Cameron; Anne Madsen; Eric Twite

takeadvantage of all possible tools in order to reach the widest cross section of the learning stylespresent and to elevate the educational objective from simple knowledge to comprehension,application and analysis, as described by Bloom’s Taxonomy. It appears as though the goal ofproviding a solid foundation in electrical engineering was met through the use of multimediateaching methods to enhance traditional methods was achieved.Bibliography1. Bloom, B. S. (1994) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. 1. Cognitive Domain, New York: Longman.2. R.M. Felder and R. Brent, Effective Teaching, North Carolina State University, 19983. URL: http://www.spe.sony.com/tv/shows/jeopardy/; Jeopardy! Game show home page.4. URL: http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Voltage

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Edward Gehringer

grade to each author whose work (s)he hasreviewed. A student’s grade is the average of the grades given by the reviewers, plus anincentive described below to encourage good reviews.In more detail, students authenticate themselves to the PG system by typing their user-ID andpassword. The instructor may assign these, but there is also a Kerberos interface so that thestudent may use his/her login/password for the campus computer system.A student entering the PG system (Figure 1) has a choice of whether to submit a new page orreview pages submitted by others. If (s)he chooses "submit", he is presented with a screendescribing how to submit and a browser to select a file. If more than one Web page is to besubmitted, the student may either submit them

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Walter J., III Gomes; Rulph Chassaing

fprintf(fid,'%2.4E,',bin(i)); j=j+1; end fprintf(fid,'\nH0 .float %2.4E\n',bin(1)); fprintf(fid,'\nLENGTH .set %d\n',coefflen); fprintf(fid,'AICSEC .word 0%s%sh,1h,0%s%sh,63h \n',A1,A2,B1,B2); fprintf(fid,' .brstart "XN_BUFF",%d',alignbuf); fclose(fid); dos ('dsk3a firmat'); dos ('dsk3load firmat BOOT'); Figure 3. Function that generates a coefficients file to be included in generic FIR filter program.The main program also calls the function dsk_fir(), developed by the authors and shown in Figure 3,passing to it the filter's coefficients and the sampling frequency. This function generates

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Howard I. Epstein

andPractice in 1991 1: There’s an old Bob Newhart routine about baseball. In it, an adult game manufacturer is talking on the phone to Abner Doubleday who is explaining the rules of his new game, baseball. Doubleday explains, "Three strikes and you’re out, four balls `." "Why four balls?" asks the manufacturer. Why, indeed? The engineering curriculum, leading to a Bachelor of Science degree, has been a four-year program at most institutions for as long as they have offered degrees. Programs that required longer eventually found it difficult to compete for students. In the 1950’s and early 1960’s, most five year programs in existence were being phased out as the engineering programs, in

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Peter Avitabile

Page 4.486.9possibly the parameters could be extracted from the measurement.Actually this is what is done in an experimental modal survey - FRFs are acquired by measuringtime data which is digitized and transformed to the frequency domain using the FFT. Basically,a ratio of output to input is computed to form an estimate of the FRF and then modal parametersare extracted from the measurement.This graphic is always good to have handy to keep everything in perspective when coveringdetailed areas of the theory of experimental modal analysis. I refer to this figure as the bigpicture of experimental modal analysis (Figure II.7-1). LAPLACE [B(s)] = [M]s2 + [C]s + [K] DOMAIN

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Kuruvilla Verghese; Douglas Peplow

Equations Page 4.126.55. Appendix: Sample Problems Used in Group Learning Sessions 1. Physically, what is the di erence between these expressions? Z1 s ~r; E 0 ! E ~r; E 0dE 0 Z 1 s ~r; E 0 ! E ~r; E 0dE 0 0 Z1 s ~r; E ! E 0 ~r; E dE 0 0 What does each represent? 2. Think of various examples of modeling problems of practical importance in a power

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and K-12 Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Wathen, Georgia Institute of Technology; William Hunt, Georgia Institute of Technology; Donna Llewellyn, Georgia Institute of Technology; Peter Ludovice, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

edition (Longman, New York, 2001). Page 15.96.7Appendix Items remembered before ISE experienceRemembering 1) It’s the one universal force that attracts objects together 2) Gravity is the force of attraction between two masses 3) Gravity is the force that keeps us on earth 4) Gravity – 9.81 5) Gravity is a force that “grounds” us 6) Gravity is 9.81 m/s 7) Gravity holds things down on earth 8) Gravity is -9.81 m/s 9) Gravity always equals 9.81 m/s 10) Gravity is on Earth and it holds us down

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students, Diversity, and Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Cox, Purdue University; Osman Cekic, Purdue University; Sara Branch, Purdue University; Rocio Chavela Guerra, Purdue University; James Cawthorne, Purdue University; Benjamin Ahn, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Page 15.952.3tripled from 10,000 to 31,867. This number remained stable during the late 1970s and throughthe early 1980s. After a second period of growth in the mid-80s, 42,637 research doctorates wereawarded by 1986. From 1998-2002, the number of doctorates awarded each year generallydeclined and reached a low point in 2002.By 2006, an all-time high number of doctorates was awarded in the U.S.5 In science andengineering (S&E) fields, this growth was due in large part to degrees awarded to internationalstudents, many who came to the U.S. to study following World War II6. In 2006, U.S. citizensreceived 63% of all research and 56% of S&E doctorates. The percentage of U.S. citizens whoearned a doctorate in engineering was the lowest with

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Guo, Stevens Institute of Technology; Shubo Zhang, Stevens Institute of Technology; Arthur Ritter, Stevens Institute of Technology; Hong Man, Stevens Institute of Technology

the number of undergraduate Bio-medical Engineering (BME) programs, and the number of students enrolled in these BMEprograms. Currently there are 117 BME academic programs in the U. S. that are profiled in theWhitaker Foundation curriculum database3. According to the statistics collected by the WhitakerFoundation, the number of undergraduate enrollment has increased from around 5,000 in 1993 toover 12,000 in 20034. Based on a forecast by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, biomedicalengineering jobs will climb almost twice as fast as the overall average for a 26.1 percent gain by Page 15.866.22012 while overall job growth is projected to be 14.8

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liya (Grace) Ni, California Baptist University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, was not ready in the beginning of the semester. After the computer setup,hardware and software installation, and other issues were solved, we only had less than twomonths left to do the lab projects and design project. With their senior design, other courses, andpart-time jobs, the students didn’t have time to work on the projects outside the dedicated labsessions.Another comment by the students is that some training on GUI design and S-function inMATLAB will be helpful. They did some work on GUI design with the GUIDE component ofMATLAB. However, they didn’t complete the integration of the GUIs with their systemsbecause they didn’t have time to figure out how to display multiple dynamic trajectories (forteam A) or static shapes together with

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Projects and Applications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chandra R. Sekhar, Purdue University, Calumet ; Omer Farook, Purdue University; Jai P. agrawal, Purdue University Calumet; Essaid Bouktache, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

• Computation via other applications16F88 / 16F887 Microcontroller(s) • Displaying of dynamic data • Enabling and Disabling of Alarms • Storage in Files or Databases, Locally or at remote servers Implemented through a GUI Application designed in C++InstrumentationAmplifier and SignalConditioningCircuitryPhysiologicalMonitoringTransducer(s) Figure 1 Biomedical System Design platform

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Willard W. Neel P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Jon-Michael Hardin, Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

130 140 150 160 170 180 -5 -10 Moment (lb-ft) -15 -20 -25 -30 Angle (degrees) Figure 11 Moment of the torsion bundle vs. Angle for the third configurationFrom the computer model, the averaged velocity of projection was calculated to be 125.2feet/s. The experimental velocity was determined by the student to be 130.2 feet/s.From the “Moment vs. Angle” graphs (Figures 9, 10, and 11), the arms of the newconfiguration can be pulled back 50 degrees, 29.7 degrees for the intermediate form, and only27 degrees for

Conference Session

Stimulating Broader Industrial Participation in Undergraduate Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

bumper supported by an integrated torsion bar. Reinforcements were also proposed for theframe rail system. The second team built physical and numerical prototypes to prove-out theconcepts. (5) Page 22.176.3 Figure mpatibility torsioon bar concept ((4) e 1: Bumper comPedestriaan Bumper Systems S (5 sttudents) – Thhe second seet of projectss related to tthe design offbumpers to reduce in njuries sustaiined by pedeestrians in thhe event of a collision. T This was insppiredin part by y new legislaation in placce in Europe.. The work started

Conference Session

DEED Potpourri

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vince Walker, US Air Force Academy; Daniel Jensen, United States Air Force Academy; Kendra Crider, US Air Force Academy; Jason Weaver, University of Texas, Austin; Kristin Wood, University of Texas, Austin; Michael Maixner, United States Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, 1931.3 Jansson, D., Smith, S., “Design Fixation”, Design Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1991.4 Purcell, A., Williams, P., Gero, J., Colbron, B., “Fixation Effects: Do They Exist in Design Problem-SolvingTask”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp.333-345, 1993.5 Christensen, B., Schunn, C., “The Relationship of Analogical Distance and Analogical Function and PreinventiveStructure: The Case of Engineering Design”, Memory and Cognition, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 29-38, 2007. Page 15.445.106 Marsh, R., Landau, J., Hicks, J., “How Examples May (and May not) Constrain Creativity”, Memory andCognition”, Vol. 24, No.5

Conference Session

Lean and Green

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon Johnson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

andseparate assembly lines for the two types of clocks produced (called blue and black). In contrast, Page 15.1262.3 Indicates g in Transfer of p Information ip Sh Indicates e Transfer of s ou Materials eh