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Displaying results 61 - 90 of 1939 in total
Conference Session
Great Ideas for Projects that Teach Instrumentation
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Saeed B. Niku, California Polytechnic State University; Ross James Miller
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation
. Page 22.443.3The following sections describe the different elements of the system.The Skin SubstrateA material called Dragon Skin® that is a high-performance platinum cure silicone rubberwas chosen as the substrate. This two-part silicone rubber material can be cast, brushed,thickened, and shaped to almost any desirable shape. Mixing an equal ratio by volume ofparts A and B creates a material with a Shore A Hardness of 10, tear strength of 102pounds per linear inch and a possible elongation of up to 1000%2.By adding a third equal part of Slacker® Tactile Mutator, a silicone rubber can be madewhich is softer and more “flesh-like,” with rebound properties. Additionally, by adding asmall quantity of Fleshtone Silc Pig® Silicone Pigment, a very
Conference Session
DEED Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chao Chen, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Carlos Pomalaza-Raez, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Edwin Chobot, Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Daniel B. Newby, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Renee Kathleen Chandler, Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Nusaybah Abu-Mulaweh, The Johns Hopkins University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
University, Fort WayneDaniel B Newby, Indiana University, Purdue University, Fort WayneRenee Kathleen Chandler, Purdue University, Fort Wayne Renee is a senior Computer Engineering student at Purdue University in Fort Wayne, Indiana. She is excited to graduate in May 2011 and pursue a career in firmware development and embedded systems.Ms. Nusaybah Abu-Mulaweh Page 22.433.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Design of a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network for Energy Management at Home1. IntroductionIn a world of rising energy costs and dwindling
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship Faculty Development
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Douglas E. Allen, Bucknell University; Steven B. Shooter, Bucknell University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
AC 2011-1863: BIG: UNITING THE UNIVERSITY INNOVATION ECOSYS-TEMDouglas E. Allen, Bucknell UniversitySteven B. Shooter, Bucknell University Steve Shooter, Ph.D., P.E. is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Bucknell University where he has taught for design, innovation and robotics for 16 years. He has published over 90 peer-reviewed papers and been PI or Co-PI on grants from NSF, ONR, NIST, ARDEC in addition to industry. As a registered professional engineer he also consults extensively with industry on design projects and formulation of innovation strategies. Page 22.287.1 c
Conference Session
Modeling and Problem-Solving
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Keith B. Fisher, Montana State University; Kevin R. Cook, Montana State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Machine Design course which most take at the same time as the new CAE course, and show a greater confidence in their own ability to solve engineering problems.References[1] Cook, K., Larson, R., Fisher, K., Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum Enhancement: AProcess Review of Program Level Change, Proceedings of the 2007 ASEE Annual Conference andExposition, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2007-2252.[2] Kirkley, Jamie, Principles for Teaching Problem Solving, Plato Learning Inc., Indiana University, 2003.[3] Duch, B., Gron, S., Allen, D., ed. The power of problem-based learning: a practical "how to" forteaching undergraduate courses in any discipline, 2001, Stylus Publishing, LLC.[4] Ton De Jong and Wouter R. Van Joolingen, Scientific Discovery
Collection
2011 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
B. Zhang; H. Misak; P.S. Dhanasekaran; D. Kalla; R. Asmatulu
. .[12] K. L. Dreher. (2003). Health and Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology: Toxicological Assessment of Manufactured Nanoparticles.[13] C.-W. Lam, J. T. James, R. McCluskey, and R. L. Hunter, "Pulmonary Toxicity of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Mice 7 and 90 Days After Intratracheal Instillation," Toxicological Sciences, vol. 77, pp. 126- 134, January 1, 2004 2004.[14] D. B. Warheit, B. R. Laurence, K. L. Reed, D. H. Roach, G. A. M. Reynolds, and T. R. Webb, "Comparative Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes in Rats," Toxicological Sciences, vol. 77, pp. 117-125, 2004.[15] I. Bhatt and B. N. Tripathi, "Interaction of engineered nanoparticles with various components of
Conference Session
Teaching Mechanics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dean Q. Lewis, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
______/5Design/stress analysis of shafts ______/10Design/stress analysis of beams ______/10Design/stress analysis of columns ______/10Total for technical analysis ______/35Total points for group ______/100 Page 22.963.11Appendix C: Pre-test ResultsTeamwork: Please answer the following questions based on your experience working on teams. a. Working on a team helped me to better understand the purpose of team projects. b. It is important to be able to ask a teammate to explain something to me that they know. c. I am comfortable in giving feedback to members of my team. d
Conference Session
A Systems-Thinking Approach to Solving Problems
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald C. Rosenberg, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University
Tagged Divisions
Systems Engineering
Sciences, an undergraduate bachelor of science degree program in the MSU College of Engineering. He also is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Dr. Sticklen has lead a laboratory in knowledge-based systems focused on task specific approaches to problem solving. Over the last decade, Dr. Sticklen has pursued en- gineering education research focused on early engineering; his current research is supported by NSF/DUE and NSF/CISE. Page 22.763.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Using Guided Reflection to Assess
Conference Session
A Systems-Thinking Approach to Solving Problems
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yumin Zhang, Southeast Missouri State University; David K. Probst, Southeast Missouri State University
Tagged Divisions
Systems Engineering
AC 2011-747: SYSTEM THINKING FOR EVERYBODYYumin Zhang, Southeast Missouri State University (Fisher) Yumin Zhang Assistant Professor Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Southeast Mis- souri State University Phone: (573) 651-2391 E-mail: ymzhang@semo.edu Web: http://www.physics.semo.edu/David K. Probst, Southeast Missouri State University David Probst is a Professor in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics at Southeast Missouri State University. He regularly teaches an upper-level interdisciplinary course invovling both majors and non-majors. Page 22.1364.1 c
Conference Session
A Systems-Thinking Approach to Solving Problems
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University; Scott C. Banks, Georgia Tech Research Institute
Tagged Divisions
Systems Engineering
) applications. He is adept in performing requirements definition, analysis, review, management, and documentation using Dynamic Object Oriented Requirements Software (DOORS). As a lead systems engineer, he played an instrumen- tal role in designing, developing, and testing the next generation of Entegra Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS). Dr. Khalid received his Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. He holds Master of Science degrees in the discipline of Mechanical Engineering from Michigan State University, and Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. He obtained Bachelors of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Conference Session
A Systems-Thinking Approach to Solving Problems
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University; Isaiah Waindi, SPSU Systems Engineering Graduate
Tagged Divisions
Systems Engineering
AC 2011-2140: RENEWABLE ENERGY IN EAST AFRICA: SOLUTIONSTO PROVIDING ELECTRICITY USING A SYSTEMS APPROACHAdeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University Dr. Adeel Khalid is an Assistant Professor of Systems Engineering at Southern Polytechnic State Univer- sity (SPSU) in Marietta, Georgia USA. His expertise include Multidisciplinary design and optimization of Aerospace systems. He has worked as systems engineer at Avidyne Corporation. The company man- ufactures glass cockpits for general aviation aircraft. Dr. Khalid was involved in architecture definition, design and development of cockpit avionics. He is experienced in test case scripting, verification and val- idation of Primary Flight Display (PFD) and Multi
Conference Session
Socialization of Engineering Students: A Workplace Approach
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Susan M. Matney, North Carolina State University; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative & Experiential Education
AC 2011-2898: PANEL SESSION - SOCIALIZATION OF ENGINEERINGSTUDENTS: A WORKPLACE APPROACHSusan M. Matney, North Carolina State University Page 22.1137.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Socialization of Engineering Students: A Workplace Approach The education of today’s engineer is a complex process. Graduates are expected to notonly be technically literate and of an engineering mindset, but also competent team playerscapable of the independent thought required of innovation. Such a demanding process requirescollaborative intervention from a varied subset of sources. There is an educational
Conference Session
A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
International
AC 2011-1165: USING SPIRAL DYNAMICS TO PREPARE ENGINEERSFOR THE GLOBAL WORKFORCECharles Pezeshki, Washington State University Charles Pezeshki is a professor Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Washington State University, and the Director of the Industrial Design Clinic Page 22.1639.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011   Using Spiral Dynamics to Prepare Engineers for the Global WorkforceOne of the major challenges facing the global marketplace is the integration of workforces in transnational, as well as regional companies that are dependent on groups ofboth product
Conference Session
A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stephen Hundley, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Lynn G. Brown, The Boeing Company; Alan Jacobs, Quanser; Patricia Fox, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Catherine Didion, National Academy of Engineering; Daniel R. Sayre, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; Hans J. Hoyer, American Society for Engineering Education
Tagged Divisions
International
AC 2011-205: ATTRIBUTES OF A GLOBAL ENGINEERStephen Hundley, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis Stephen P. Hundley is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Undergraduate Programs and Associate Professor of Organizational Leadership in the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI).Ms. Lynn G. Brown, The Boeing Company Lynn Brown is the Boeing Corporate Program Manager for University Relations International for Strate- gic Workforce Planning and the Co-chair for the ASEE CMC Special Interest Group for International Engineering Education. Lynn was named as Boeing’s University Relations Program Manager in 2004 expanding her
Conference Session
A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Isaac W. Wait, Marshall University; Andrew P. Nichols, Marshall University; Wael A. Zatar, Marshall University
Tagged Divisions
International
AC 2011-301: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED LEARNING STYLES FORINTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERINGSTUDENTSIsaac W. Wait, Marshall University Isaac W. Wait is an assistant professor of engineering in the College of Information Technology and Engineering at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. Dr. Wait teaches and conducts research in the areas of water resources and environmental engineering. Dr. Wait joined Marshall in 2009 after teaching for four years at the American University of Sharjah, in the United Arab Emirates.Andrew P Nichols, Marshall UniversityWael A. Zatar, Marshall University
Conference Session
Experiential Learning in ECE
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Liya (Grace) Ni, California Baptist University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
. Page 22.2.6 (a) Main Diagram (b) Diagram for Subsystem “Pull to Position” in (a) Figure 4 Simulink Diagram for Play-Back ModeThe test results are shown in Figure 5. The actual curve (dashed) follows the reference curve(solid) except in the beginning when the device grip was pulled from the center of the workspace to the starting point of the reference curve. During the test, the user felt that his hand,which is holding the grip of the Falcon device, was being guided through the trajectory. Page 22.2.7 Figure 5 Testing Results
Conference Session
Biological & Agricultural Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Josue Orellana, Washington State University; Fabiola Quiroa, Washington State University; Ala' Ibrahim Abu-Lail; Nehal I. Abu-lail, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Biological & Agricultural
1.2 0.9 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 Time (hours) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pHFigure 2: A) Effects of applying a change of pH as a chemical stress on Listeriawelshimeri L40 growth. B) The doubling time calculated from the kinetics of growth dataof L. welshismeri as a function of the pH
Conference Session
Female Faculty, Learning, NSF, and ABET Issues at Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College; Jerry O'Connor, San Antonio College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
(b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability (d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams (e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems (g) an ability to communicate effectively Page 22.99.2 (k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.Project
Conference Session
Project-Based, Inquiry Guided, and High Performance Learning Environments: Effective Approaches
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joseph J. Biernacki, Tennessee Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
conflictwithin teams. Spend a few minutes during a follow-up mini-workshop to discuss these issuesand take credit for it later during your ABET review.Table 3. Peer and self assessment report for a cohesive team with one weaker contributingmember. Score Given Score Giver A B C D A 13 10 8 9 B 10 8 8 7 C 10 12 9 4 D 15 15 7 3 Average
Conference Session
Teaching Statics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cliff J. Lissenden, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Christine B. Masters, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Samia A. Suliman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Roxanne Toto, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
AC 2011-1511: SUPPLEMENTAL LEARNING TOOLS FOR STATICS ANDSTRENGTH OF MATERIALSCliff J. Lissenden, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Cliff J. Lissenden, Ph.D. (University of Virginia, 1993) is a professor of Engineering Science and Me- chanics at Penn State. In addition to teaching engineering mechanics courses ranging from sophomore level statics to graduate level mechanical behavior of materials, he researches structural health monitoring for aerospace, mechanical, and civil infrastructure applications. He is a member of ASEE, ASNT, ASME, ASCE, ASM, SES, and Sigma Xi.Christine B. Masters, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Christine Masters is an Associate Professor in the Engineering
Conference Session
FPD IX: Research on First-Year Programs and Students, Part II
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University; Joseph A. Raelin, Northeastern University; Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology; Jerry Carl Hamann, University of Wyoming; David L. Whitman, University of Wyoming; Leslie K. Pendleton, Virginia Tech
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
: Strategies for Developing Leadership in Everyone.Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE) Margaret Bailey is Professor of Mechanical Engineering within the Kate Gleason College of Engineer- ing at RIT and is the Founding Executive Director for the nationally recognized women in engineering program called WE@RIT. She recently accepted the role as Faculty Associate to the Provost for Female Faculty and serves as the co-chair on the President’s Commission on Women. She began her academic career as an Assistant Professor at the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, being the first woman civil- ian faculty member in her department. Margaret maintains a research program in the area of advanced thermodynamic
Conference Session
Assessment in Engineering Graphics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Heidi M. Steinhauer, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
the distractors needed to be significantly reworded. The original five distractorsalong with their item totals are listed below. A (.4360), an inclined line B (.1047), a surface C (.0581), a horizontal line D (.3488)*, either A and B E (.0465), none of the aboveThe question’s distractors were poorly written and confusing; this was indicated by severalfactors. Both A and B were correct answers and option D included both of these, however theitem totals demonstrated the students did not recognize this, as 54% choose either distractor A orB, only 35% selected the correct answer D, and 5% selected C and E respectively. The originaland revised distractors and correct answers are included below
Conference Session
Tablet PC use in Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chia-Keng Lee, University of California, Riverside; Thomas Stahovich, University of California, Riverside; Robert C. Calfee, University of California, Riverside
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
to create a pen-based tutoring system that scaffolds students insolving Statics problems in much the same way they ordinarily solve them with pencil andpaper. This work is motivated by recent research comparing student performance across Page 22.82.2 L1 L2 P B D L4 L3 E C U
Conference Session
Accreditation and Assessment in SE Programs
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nan Niu, Mississippi State University; Donna Reese, Mississippi State University; Kui Xie, Mississippi State University; Chris Smith, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
Software Engineering Constituent Committee
because it caused the students to review thework at an earlier time to participate. Figure 3. Domain engineering roadmap emphasizing individual contributions Table 3. Term paper topic influenced by individually- or group-led topic in classStudent Basic Topic Led Advanced Topic Led Term Paper Topic (k) on “Reusability Grace (a) Re-engineering for Reuse Metrics” (k) on “Software Product Dave (b) Measurement and Experimentation
Conference Session
Sustainability, Diversity, and STEM in Contemporary Energy Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John M. Robertson, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Slobodan Petrovic, Oregon Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
with a peak at B is derived from earnings retained in thebusiness from open-market sales. The gap between A and B is the Valley of Death.With the loss of industry contributors such as Bell Labs, the gap is getting wider.However, if an embryonic product or new technology can cross the Valley of Death, thatbecomes an important early indicator for further success. B Support for technology development A ($) Concept R&d r&D Maturity EOL Figure 1. The Valley of DeathTwo further general observations can be made: Since figure 1 refers to technology
Conference Session
Innovations in Power Engineering Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Linfeng Zhang, University of Bridgeport; Xingguo Xiong, University of Bridgeport; Navarun Gupta, University of Bridgeport
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
MG-2 0.5 0.4 0 2 4 6 8 10 Day   (a)                                                                          (b) Figure 7 (a) a smart grid (b) the overall performance of three
Conference Session
Teaching Circuit Theory and Electronics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James W. Bales, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
apparent. RED GREEN LED LED R A B GREEN RED LED LED C Page 22.90.7 Figure 3. LED-based circuit illustrating the operation of a bridge rectifier. Some time is spent with this
Conference Session
Teaching Dynamics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David R. Mikesell, Ohio Northern University; John-David S. Yoder, Ohio Northern University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
/E001%2007-08%20EAC%20Criteria%2011-15-06.pdf, Jan.2011.7. Hibbeler, R., “Engineering Mechanics – Dynamics,” 11ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, NewJersey, ISBN 0-13-221504-7: 2007.8. Carroll, D., Integrating Design into the Sophomore and Junior Level Mechanics Courses, J.Eng. Educ., 1997, 86: pp. 227-231.9. Hennessey, M., “Statics and Dynamics Projects Emphasizing Introductory Design andManufacturing,” in Proc. ASEE Annual Conf. & Expo., Pittsburgh, 2008.10. Cottrell, D., and Ressler, S., “Integrating Design Projects into an Introductory Course inMechanics of Materials,” in Proc. ASEE Annual Conf. & Expo., Milwaukee, 1997.11. Armstrong, B., “A Design Project for a Second Course in Controls,” in Proc. ASEE AnnualConf. & Expo., Milwaukee
Collection
2011 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Megan F. Dunn; W. Roy Penney; Edgar C. Clausen
throat velocity determined by the Bernoulli balance was about 16% higher than the a. the boundary layer effects in the small �16 in� throat, and 3 measured experimental velocity, probably caused by b. the effect of the jet vena contracta occurring somewhat downstream of the throat of the venturi 2. The minor loss coefficient for the venturi was about 0.86, which indicates only about 14 % of the energy contained in the vena contracta stream was recovered. This value is consistent with results reported in the literature.Funnel Venturi ExperimentA venturi experiment was also performed with a “homemade” venturi, fashioned
Conference Session
Poster Sessions for Unit Operations Lab Bazaar and Tenure-Track Faculty
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Laura Coon, Washington State University; Paul B. Golter, Washington State University; Derek Allen Cline, Washington State University; David B. Thiessen, Washington State University; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
AC 2011-2301: UNIT OPERATIONS LAB BAZAAR: ASSESSMENT OFMINIATURE INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENTLaura Coon, Washington State University A recent graduate of WSU, Laura aspires to find learning and understanding in everything she does. Born and raised in Seattle, WA Laura is 22 and loving every minute of life as a chemical engineer. During her education at WSU she worked under Dr. Bernard Van Wie in heat transfer and fluid flow education research, specifically assessing the desktop learning module double pipe and shell and tube cartridges.Mr. Paul B Golter, Washington State University Paul B. Golter obtained an MS from Washington State University and recently defended his PhD degree and is currently the Laboratory Supervisor in
Conference Session
Student Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindset I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeremy Brett Ross, East Tennessee State University; Keith V. Johnson, East Tennessee State University; Kevin Wade Varney, East Tennessee State University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
AC 2011-1359: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO STUDY ABROADJeremy Brett Ross, East Tennessee State University Jeremy B. Ross is a Associate Vice President of University Advancement and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, Surveying and Digital Media. He holds a degree in Architecture from the University of Tennessee and a Master of Science in Technology from East Tennessee State University. He has experience in design and development of numerous architecture projects in academic and commercial applications in the Southeast.Dr. Keith V. Johnson, East Tennessee State University Keith V. Johnson is a Tenured Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, Surveying and Digital