Collection

2012 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Navarun Gupta; Sarosh Patel; Manan Joshi; Bhushan Dharmadhikari; Lawrence V. Hmurcik

Real Life High Voltage Accident Cases – Teaching Electrical Safety Navarun Gupta1, Sarosh Patel2, Manan Joshi3, Bhushan Dharmadhikari4, Lawrence V. Hmurcik5Abstract – We discuss the engineering principles of Hi-voltage (any voltage above 600 volts). We cite 4examples that typify some of the problems facing the Engineer and technician working with Hi-voltages, includinggeometry considerations, the need to follow proper protocol and the laws (both scientific and political) governingHi-voltage. Poor design considerations in capacitor construction is the first case we consider, as well as the lack ofproper protocols in discharging same. In the second case, a warning can be

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Hergenrader, University of Southern California; Jihie Kim, University of Southern California; Erin Shaw, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

AC 2012-3999: STUCK IN THE MIDDLE: THE IMPACT AND PREVA-LENCE OF FRUSTRATION IN ONLINE QUESTION-ANSWER DISCUS-SION THREADSMr. Michael Hergenrader, University of Southern California Michael Hergenrader is a senior majoring in computer science and Spanish. His interests include dis- tributed systems, machine learning, and search technologies. At the Informational Sciences Institute at ISI and at IBM, he is able to work with pride and happiness in all that he does.Dr. Jihie Kim, University of Southern California Jihie Kim is the Principal Investigator of the Intelligent Technologies for Teaching and Learning group in the USC Information Sciences Institute (http://ai.isi.edu/pedtek). She is also a Research Assistant

Collection

2012 EDI

Authors

Sarah Rajala

Administration, Finances, Strategic Planning Sarah A. Rajala Essential Organizational Activities that keep your college healthy ◦ Administrative leadership ◦ Finances ◦ Strategic planning Who are you? o Facilitator within the college o Responsible for the college o Advocate for the college within the university • Important to recognize the college is part of a larger organization • Obligation to contribute to the university leadership team • Ambassador outside the university Establish clear expectations o Define path for moving forward (strategic plan) o Work to bring out the best in everyone o Understand and adhere to personnel policies and

Conference Session

Global and Cultural Issues in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daphene C. Koch Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Construction

learning enhances the student’s education includingthe areas of: work ethic, critical thinking, problem solving, social issues, and reasoning.1,2,3 Onegoal of Purdue University, the College of Technology, and the Building ConstructionManagement Department is to infuse global awareness in both undergraduate and graduatestudents. A study abroad course is one way to accomplish this goal. International experiencesgive our students an edge over other students and allow them to apply their knowledge to solveproblems outside of their comfort zone. Understanding different materials and methods ofconstruction expands their knowledge. The overall experience adds to their marketable skillswhen entering the workforce. Most students in this department tend to

Conference Session

Track 2 - Curriculum and Laboratory Development

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Zainura Zainon Noor, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Tagged Topics

Track 2 - Curriculum and Laboratory Development

GC 2012-5653: STUDENT DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE UTM-DTUINTERNATIONAL SUMMER COURSE ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMP-TION AND PRODUCTIONDr. Zainura Zainoon Noor, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Dr Zainura Zainon Noor is a senior lecturer at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). She has experiences in green design and processes, life cycle assessment, cost benefit analysis, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas inventory and projection as well as sustainable de- velopment policy implementation, and is currently leading the Green Technology Research Group at the Institute of Water and Environmental Management. Since 2010, she has been coordinating UTM DTU International Summer Course on Sustainable

Conference Session

International Forum Poster Session & Welcome Reception: Sponsored by Quanser and Cypress Semiconductors

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Sabah Razouk Abro, Lawrence Technological University; Kenneth Cook P.E., Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

GC 2012-5606: STUDENT’S TEAMWORK EVALUATION: AN EFFEC-TIVE MODELDr. Sabah Razouk Abro, Lawrence Technological University Dr. Sabah Abro is an internationally educated math professor and program Director at Lawrence Techno- logical University. He graduated with a Bachelor degree from the University of Baghdad, pursued a post graduate diploma in planning from the United Nations institute in the middle east, Went to Wales in the United kingdom to get his Master’s degree and then to Belgium for his Ph.D. He has also international work experience; he served as Faculty at Al Mustansiria University in Baghdad, a regional consultant at the Arab Institute for Statistics, a position that enabled him to lecture in a number

Collection

2012 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Jessica Dawn Ventura

Developing Intercultural Sensitivity through Directed Global Education Programming Jessica Dawn Ventura1Abstract – In view of the impact globalization has on engineering, many colleges and universities have madeglobal experiences part of their undergraduate programs. When developing a global engineering program, educatorsshould start by assessing where students are on the spectrum of intercultural sensitivity when they enter and therebydetermine how the program can best succeed in increasing their sensitivity. If engineers have not been exposed toworldviews that differ from their own, they will assume that everyone holds to similar views. Thus, the first step inattaining intercultural

Collection

2012 ERC

Authors

John P Holdren

The 2013 Budget: Investing in Our Future John P. Holdren Assistant to the President for Science and TechnologyDirector, White House Office of Science & Technology Policy“Tonight, I want to speak about how we move forward, and lay out ablueprint for an economy that’s built to last – an economy built onAmerican manufacturing, American energy, skills for American workers,and a renewal of American values.” - President Barack Obama January 24, 2012“The world is shifting to an innovationeconomy, and nobody does innovation betterthan America. In today’s innovation economy,we also need a world-class

Collection

2012 EDI

Authors

Daryll Pines

Engineering Colleges and Competitions:Innovation thru Engineering Competitions & Prizes Darryll J. Pines Dean and Farvardin Professor Timeline of the History of Competitions and Prizes Google Lunar X Prize: A total of $30 million in Prize Money prizes are available to the first privately funded teams to safely land a robot on the surface of the $10M Moon, have that robot travel 500 meters over the lunar surface, and send video, images and data Longitude Prize: In 1714, the

Conference Session

New Ideas for the ChemE Core

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca K. Toghiani, Mississippi State University; Carlen Henington, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2012-3672: NOVEL CHEMICAL REACTORS IN THE CURRICULUM:AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODULEDr. Rebecca K. Toghiani, Mississippi State University Rebecca K. Toghiani is an Associate Professor of chemical engineering at Mississippi State University. She received her B.S.ChE, M.S.ChE, and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Missouri, Columbia. She received the 1996 Dow Outstanding New Faculty Award and the 2005 Outstanding Teach- ing Award from the ASEE Southeastern Section. A John Grisham Master Teacher at MSU, she was also an inaugural member of the Bagley College of Engineering Academy of Distinguished Teachers. She has also been recognized at MSU with the 2001 Outstanding Faculty Woman Award, the 2001 Hearin

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. Laguette, University of California, Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2012-3439: ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT COMPLETION FOR CAP-STONE DESIGN PROJECTSMr. Stephen W. Laguette, University of California, Santa Barbara Stephen Laguette is currently a lecturer at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in the College of Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering (ME) and the Technology Management pro- gram, and is responsible for the undergraduate M.E. capstone design program. He received his B.S., M.S. in M.E. from the University of California, Los Angeles. His professional career has included executive research and development management positions with a number of medical device companies. He has been responsible for the creation of complex medical devices with more than 15

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Lisa Anneberg; Harold Josephs

Global Engineering Program Mission Statement Development Lisa Anneberg and Harold Josephs Lawrence Technological University, Departments of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Southfield, MI 48075AbstractThis paper addresses the results of a poll of a small sample of visiting professors at a mid-sizetechnical university of science and technology located in China [SUES, Shanghai University ofEngineering Science]. A number of professors from a Midwestern engineering university haveteamed up with the technical university in China to provide a global aspect to engineeringeducation. Perceptions of the efficacy of the visiting professor

Conference Session

ADVANCE and Related Faculty Issues

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Gumpertz, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

) is a three-year NSF-funded ADVANCEPAID project aiming to increase faculty diversity and improve the climate for women andminority faculty at a large decentralized research extensive land grant institution with tenacademic colleges and particular focus on engineering, agriculture and life sciences, andveterinary medicine. This paper describes how the D3 project was developed, the DevelopingDiverse Departments project components, and gives our impressions about what has worked welland what the payoffs have been. It also describes parts of the project that will be retained aspermanent programs at the university after the grant funding is exhausted.Guiding PrinciplesAn experienced administrator wisely suggested that the first step in forming the

Conference Session

Making Headway: Two-year/Four-year Curriculum Alignment and Also U-G Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College; Jerry O'Connor, San Antonio College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

AC 2012-2990: INITIATION OF AN UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PRO-GRAMDr. Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College Dan G. Dimitriu has been practicing engineering since 1970 and taught engineering courses concurrently for more than 20 years at various institutions. In 2001, he joined San Antonio College full-time as the Coordinator of its Engineering program. He has been involved with several engineering societies and became a member of the Two-year College Division of ASEE in 2002. His research interests are in alternative fuels, fuel cells, plastics, and engineering education.Mr. Jerry O’Connor, San Antonio College Jerry O’Connor has been teaching physics (and occasionally engineering and math) courses since 1980. He is

Conference Session

Outreach Activities and Introductory Materials Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber L. Genau, University of Alabama, Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Materials

at Birmingham (UAB) organized its first Materials Camp for high school students,based loosely on the model followed by ASM Education Foundation-supported camps. Selectedfrom nearly sixty applicants, twenty-four students from more than twenty area high schools tookpart, making it a wide-reaching outreach program. Throughout the 3.5 day non-residentialprogram, participants worked with department faculty and graduate students to explore the fieldof materials science and engineering (MSE), the possibilities available at this university, and theopportunities available for MSE graduates. Students also worked in teams to design and buildmodel rockets from high-tech composite materials, which were launched on the last day. Thelogistics of

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Experiences and Assessment in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francis J. Hopcroft, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

of Students in Different Academic MajorsAbstract - The arts and humanities tend be anathemas to students in the engineering fields.These students often do not appreciate the social value of these topics and they tend to see theirincorporation in engineering works as an intrusion into their world that they do not understand.Student in classes in the humanities are most often there only because their technical curricularequire that they take a few courses in these areas and/or the class they are in is the only one thatfits their schedule well. These students feel compelled to be there by outside forces beyond theirown control and therefore rebel against the course even before the first session. This article looksat various cultural elements

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tolga Kaya, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

AC 2012-3943: RECRUITMENT AND ENGAGEMENT OF UNDERGRAD-UATE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS IN INTERDIS-CIPLINARY RESEARCH PROJECTSDr. Tolga Kaya, Central Michigan University Tolga Kaya currently holds a joint Assistant Professor position in the School of Engineering and Tech- nology and the Science of Advanced Materials program at Central Michigan University (CMU). Prior to joining CMU, Kaya was a Postdoctoral Associate at Yale University (2007-2010), a Research and Teach- ing Assistant at Istanbul Technical University (1999-2007), a consultant at Brightwell Corp., Istanbul (2007), a senior VLSI analog Design Engineer and Project Coordinator at Microelectronics R&D Com- pany, Istanbul (2000-2006), and a

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-oriented Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason St. John, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Thomas J. Hacker, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

AC 2012-3122: DEVELOPING VIRTUAL CLUSTERS FOR HIGH PER-FORMANCE COMPUTING USING OPENNEBULAMr. Jason St. John, Purdue University, West Lafayette Jason St. John earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer & Information Technology (Network Engineering Technology concentration) from Purdue University, West Lafayette in December 2010. In January 2011, Jason accepted a position as a Graduate Research Assistant in the Department of Computer & Information Technology at Purdue University working under Dr. Thomas Hacker. Jason is currently pursuing a Master’s Degree in high performance computing systems.Prof. Thomas J. Hacker, Purdue University, West Lafayette Thomas J. Hacker is an Associate Professor of computer

Conference Session

Assessment and Accreditation in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David S. Cochran, Southern Methodist University and Meijo University; Makoto Kawada, Meijo University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2012-4481: EDUCATION APPROACH IN JAPAN FOR MANAGEMENTAND ENGINEERING OF SYSTEMSProf. David S. Cochran, Southern Methodist University and Meijo University David Cochran is a professor of industrial and systems engineering management. He is Founder and Prin- cipal of System Design, LLC, Visiting Professor with the School of Business, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan and faculty of systems engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. Cochran devel- oped the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD) to determine the underlying design of the Toyota Production System (and ”lean”) from a systems engineering viewpoint and was Founder and Director of the Production System Design Laboratory in the

Conference Session

Stakeholder Perspectives on Community Engagement in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Bull, Brown University School of Engineering; Maureen Kay Sigler, Brown University; Michael Lye, Rhode Island School of Design

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

AC 2012-4493: ALIGNING THE AGENDAS OF THE ACADEMY ANDTHE COMMUNITYDr. Christopher Bull, Brown University School of Engineering Christopher Bull is a Senior Lecturer and Senior Research Engineer at the Brown University School of Engineering. He teaches, writes, and researches topics ranging from appropriate technology and neural implants to the university’s role in the larger community and how that might overlap with engineering education.Maureen Kay Sigler, Brown University Maureen Kay Sigler is a lecturer in education and Director of the History/Social Studies Education pro- gram at Brown University. Before coming to Brown, Kay Sigler worked for several years teaching in Washington, D.C., in both a public

Conference Session

Faculty Career Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Penny M. Knoll, Montana State University; Ann Saterbak, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

AC 2012-3045: CHOOSING THE ROAD LESS TRAVELED: TEN YEARSLATERDr. Lisa G. Bullard P.E., North Carolina State University Lisa G. Bullard is a teaching professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Chem- ical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University. She received her B.S. in chemical engineering from NC State and her Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University. She served in engineering and management positions within Eastman Chemical Co. from 1991-2000. A fac- ulty member at NCSU since 2000, Bullard has won numerous awards for both teaching and advising, including being named as an NCSU Alumni Distinguished Undergraduate Professor, the ASEE Raymond W

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Teaming and Collaboration

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chad Milewicz, University of Southern Indiana; Zane W. Mitchell Jr., University of Southern Indiana; Kerry S. Hall, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

AC 2012-5179: IDEATION COMPETITION: CREATING LINKAGES BE-TWEEN BUSINESS AND ENGINEERINGDr. Chad Milewicz, University of Southern Indiana Chad Milewicz is an Assistant Professor of marketing in the University of Southern Indiana College of Business. He specializes in marketing strategy, with a particular focus on marketing public goods and organizations, and innovations in pedagogy, with a focus on experiential learning and community engagement. His work on innovations in pedagogy has been featured at the National Outreach Scholarship Conference and the Marketing Management Association Conference, and in the Marketing Education Review.Dr. Zane W. Mitchell Jr., University of Southern IndianaDr. Kerry S. Hall

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Hutzel, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark Shaurette, Purdue University; Brian William Loss J.D., Purdue University; Kevin Rodgers LEED AP, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2012-3534: COMPETING IN THE 2011 SOLAR DECATHLONProf. William Hutzel, Purdue University, West Lafayette Bill Hutzel is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology at Purdue University, where he teaches and conducts research into high performance buildings. He was the lead Faculty Advisor for Purdue’s second place entry in the 2011 Solar Decathlon.Dr. Mark Shaurette, Purdue University Mark Shaurette is Assistant Professor, Purdue University, West Lafayette. He has a B.B.C.N. in building construction from University of Florida, 1975, a M.S. in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1980, and a Ph.D. from the College of Technology, Purdue University, 2007. The long

Conference Session

Retention and Two-year to Four-year Transfer

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hamid Y. Eydgahi, Bakersfield College; Julio R. Blanco, California State University, Bakersfield

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

AC 2012-3001: BACCALAUREATE DEGREE COMPLETION: STUDENTRECRUITMENT, OUTREACH, AND RETENTIONDr. Hamid Y. Eydgahi, Bakersfield College Hamid Y. Eydgahi is the Dean of Instruction (CTE) at Bakersfield College in Bakersfield, Calif. He has an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering technology, n M.B.A., and a Ph.D. in operations and technology management. He held a number of engineering and project management positions in private industry for more than 10 years, before joining higher education.Dr. Julio R. Blanco, California State University, Bakersfield Julio R. Blanco is the Dean of the School of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering and As- sociate Provost for Grants, Resource Management, and

Conference Session

Technology and Equipment to Improve IE Instruction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Yearwood, University of North Dakota; Alex Johnson, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

University of North Dakota (industrial technology, 2001), and a Ph.D. (teaching & learning, 2010) from the University of North Dakota. Johnson’s research interests are in engineering and technology education, manufacturing processes, and small wind turbine technology. Johnson may be reached at ajohnson@business.und.edu. Page 25.220.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012“Assessing the viability of bench-top versus full scale industrial lathes to teach fundamental machining concepts.” Page

Conference Session

Community Engagement in Engineering Education: Program Models

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carrie-Ann Miller LCSW, State University of New York, Stony Brook

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

AC 2012-3775: EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP’S FOR WOMENIN STEMMs. Carrie-Ann Miller LCSW, State University of New York, Stony Brook Carrie-Ann Miller, LCSW, is Director of the Women in Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2200. Email: Carrie-Ann.Miller@stonybrook.edu. Phone: 631-632-9648. She has a B.A. (1978), SUNY at Stony Brook, in interdisciplinary social science with minor in women studies, and a M.S.W. (1982), SUNY at Stony Brook, School of Social Welfare, in integrated practice. From 2004- present, she is Director of the Women and Science and Engineer- ing Program, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, SUNY at Stony Brook. From 2001-2005, she

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-year Programs in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wilczynski, University of Southern California; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Michael Crowley, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2012-3215: TEAMS, DESIGN, MENTORING, AND MANAGING FORCOMPUTER SCIENCE UNDERCLASSMENDr. David Wilczynski, University of Southern California David Wilczynski has a long history at USC. He was the first Ph.D. graduate from USC Information Science Institute in 1975, where some of the initial work on Arpanet was done. His research specialty at the time was in Knowledge Representation. In 1984, he left USC for almost 20 years to be an entrepreneur. Most of his work was in manufacturing, both in Detroit and Japan. During that time, he worked on programming real-time systems using an Agent methodology, which he now teach in his CSCI 201 class. He returned to USC in 2002 to teach full time. Mostly, he worries about how to

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Robert Fithen

Using Moodle for Algorithmic Grading of Homework Assignments Robert Fithen Arkansas Tech UniversityAbstractThis paper will explore the use of Moodle to grade numerical based homework assignments.Particular interest will be paid to Moodle's ability to supply a different set of numericalparameters for every student in the course. In addition, Moodle's ability to adaptively gradethe homework makes it particularly attractive to faculty interested in reaching an onlineaudience. Implementations in a typical fluid mechanics course will be explored in detail.Moodle is a learning management system used for online or mixed technology type courses.It is freely available as a

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter W. Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering; Mark J. Sebern, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

refereed international conferences and other journals. He received the Ohio Space Grant Consortium Doctoral Fellowship, and has received awards from the IEEE Southeastern Michigan and IEEE Toledo sections. He is a member of IEEE, IEEE Computer Society, and ASEE. At MSOE, he coordinates courses in software quality as- surance, software verication, software engineering practices, real time systems, and operating systems, as well as teaching embedded systems software.Dr. Mark J. Sebern, Milwaukee School of Engineering Mark J. Sebern is a professor in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE), and founding Program Director for MSOE’s undergraduate software

Conference Session

Energy Education Courses, Labs, and Projects

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig W. Somerton, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2012-3200: INTEGRATION OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY INTOAN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY CLASSDr. Craig W. Somerton, Michigan State University Page 25.817.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Integration of Appropriate Technology into an Alternative Energy ClassIntroductionFor eleven years the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Michigan State University hastaught a project based alternative energy course. The focus of the course is for students to usetheir background in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and electronics to performpredictive calculations for