, andresponded to HC. A four-factor model was created because of this work, where the relationsbetween hidden curriculum awareness (factor 1), emotions (factor 2), self-efficacy (factor 3), andself-advocacy (factor 4) were explored across ~58 colleges of engineering and 984 engineeringfaculty and students in the U.S. From the validated instrument (UPHEME; Villanueva et al.,2020), Sellers & Villanueva (2021) analyzed a subset of strategies used by over one hundred andfifty-four BIPOCx individuals in engineering as they coped with the acquired HC. The authorsfound that advocacies taken by individuals, through self-advocacy (or their willingness to enact
, components that the majority of engineeringdepartments are adopting include rapid prototyping tools, such as additive manufacturingmachines (3D printers) and laser cutters [3], [4].Makerspaces and Engineering Education. Makerspaces have become popular withinengineering education. Integrating a makerspace into an engineering curriculum can be adaunting task given the scope and sequence of university engineering coursework. Recentresearch found that over a three-month period, students who took part in a course that integrateda class project within the makerspace were positively and significantly impacted in the domainsof technology self-efficacy, innovation orientation, affect towards design, design self-efficacy,and belonging to the makerspace [5
not to teach the topic, or teach the subject in asuperficial manner [17]. Since the teachers have a paramount impact on students’ futurecareer choices, the first step to enhance students’ interest in STEM fields is to improveteachers’ confidence and self-efficacy with engineering and STEM concepts. Onceteachers have a chance to learn and implement engineering principles, they arecomfortable sharing this knowledge with their students and can present the connectionsbetween math, science, and engineering and the real world [18]. In light of these issues,it’s critical to develop professional development activities to expose teachers to authenticexperiential learning activities and help teachers to improve their abilities and knowledgein these
training for teachers. Project Lead the Way, for example, allows schools to offer engineeringexperiences through design courses in a variety of disciplines [26]. University-based K-12outreach programs have also shown promise in promoting engineering knowledge, self-efficacy,and interest [27]-[30]. It must be understood that, by necessity, knowledge of these standards andprograms must be communicated to school counselors to increase student awareness andaccessibility. Schools advocating for these programs have indicated their commitment to studentpreparation for STEM careers and school personnel should understand the mechanisms by whichthese programs do so.Research questions. This pilot, ongoing research explores the following overarching
these fields.Lack of Confidence: Many female students are faced with the constant battle of self-doubt. Are they reallycapable of being in STEM? Do they belong with the other students? Universities have alreadystarted to look at these problems. A study was performed focusing on achievement goals andhow they affect women in engineering as well as their perspectives on courses and experiencecompared to male students. The achievement goal theory is that those with low competenceperceptions usually take on the avoidance achievement goals that avoid failure rather than focuson success. The two types of competence perceptions investigated were self-efficacy andperceived ability. The study was conducted to see if women in a freshmen engineering
academic excellence. Through the formation of posses and similar cohort programs,universities have been able to successfully aid underrepresented students with their adjustmentinto the academic and social culture of the university.2 The NSF S-STEM program at RobertMorris University is one such academic center where the implementation of a cohort modelsuccessfully helped student self-efficacy and academic progress.3 While the PEEPS at Cal Polydoes not employ alternative admissions models to admit or identify cohort members, our termand acronym, “PEEPS,” captures the idea of a “posse,” “family” or “my peoples” as a group thatsupports and cares for one another.Our primary goal is to recruit, retain, and graduate academically talented, financially
influencing their self-efficacy, the development of their career interest goalsand their academic course outcomes as related to studying science, technology, engineering andmathematics (STEM). This study is unique in that it was also designed to identify experiencesthat appear to contribute to women’s identity development and self-confidence and includes asubstantial representation of Latina women’s voices. Data was collected and analyzed to identifyif similar patterns exist between subjects and if so, which are the greater influencers in theirdecision to select a STEM major and to persist beyond the critical first two years ofundergraduate studies.The literature of socialization and identity development as related to women as STEM learners indiverse
)changes over time. There have also been several reviews of the literature on mentoring specificto higher education42-45. Reviews by Jacobi43, Roberts45, and Crisp and Cruz44 have yieldedsimilar characterizations to those offered by D’Abate et al. and Eby et al., though all agree that itis difficult to reach a unified definition or a quantitatively validated framework, even within asingle domain such as higher education. Mentoring is, however, consistently linked to academicsuccess (e.g. increased GPA), as well as increases in self-efficacy, integration into thecommunity, retention, career goals, intention to persist and much more. While such broaddefinitions and outcomes provide important starting points for understanding mentoring inengineering
thathuman beings develop their identities in stages [11][12][13][14]). Even at the early stages ofmiddle-school education, the self-efficacy and professional identities of girls were enhancedthrough their engagement in art-modified STEM projects [15] A framework was developed byKegan (1982) and proposed that six stages of identity formation (incorporation, impulsion,imperial, interpersonal, institutional, and interindividual) represented the longitudinaldevelopment of the self from childhood to adult life [16]. The most powerful factors that influencesthe process of socialization and career identity development are role models, mentors, and theaccumulation of individual experiences that shape professional identity through both consciousand
, service learning, and real world experiencescan help nurture and grow these skills2,3. Through such approaches, students are more engagedand show greater interest6,7.Women in EngineeringHighlighting engineering as contributing to society through service learning is more appealing towomen4,8. Furthermore, Fouad and Singh9 recommend promoting the human-value ofengineering and supporting women’s self-efficacy not only in technical skills, but careermanagement and workplace skills and behaviors to recruit and retain women in engineering.Self-efficacy and confidence are important factors for recruiting and retaining women, as mostwomen who drop out of engineering report lower confidence in engineering skills even thoughtheir competence is comparable
approach taken by other studies, which have focused on suchinstitutional factors as faculty-student ratio, school size, school type, and undergraduatepopulation diversity [13]. Instead, the team sought to investigate the ways in which learners’experiences are shaped by key facets of the entire learning environment, such as faculty attitudes,advising support, approaches to DEI, and student sense of belonging and self-efficacy. Whenstudents face multifaceted barriers, educators and administrators are obliged to exploremultifaceted solutions [14]. For this reason, the team sought to understand barriers from multipleperspectives using quantitative and qualitative data.MethodsThe current study describes the development and implementation of an
communityconnectedness (β=0.146, p<0.05). Moreover, results indicated that dominant ethnic group(namely the reported Caucasian ethnic group) held lower levels of global centrism (β=-0.203,p=0.06). In terms of engineering efficacy, the results indicate a negative/inverse relationshipbetween engineering efficacy and being an international student (β=-0.215, p<0.05). This findingmay be attributed to fundamental difference in educational systems, structures and pedagogicalpractices between students’ home country and the United States university systems, which may,in turn, contribute to lower self-efficacy in engineering. Lastly, the regression analyses revealed that studying abroad in a culture different fromstudents’ culture of origin was
in a manufacturing environment. To do this, the department’s machining,fabrication, and plastics labs may be utilized in future studies using techniques such as gagesrepeatability and reproducibility (GR&R) studies and design of experiments.References[1] Johnson, M & Kuennen, E., “Basic Math Skills and Performance in an Introductory StatisticsCourse,” Journal of Statistics Education Vol. 14, Iss. 2, 2006[2] McLeod, D. B., "Research on Affect in Mathematics Education: A Reconceptualization," inHandbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning, ed. D. A. Grouws, NY:Macmillan, pp. 575-596, 1992.[3] Finney, S. and Schraw, G., “Self-efficacy beliefs in college statistics courses,” ContemporaryEducational Psychology, Volume: 28
/ perseverancethrough andlearn from Resiliencefailure Value creation with new Solution Seeking products, services, etc. Self-efficacy Leadership Displayed sharedand leadership/cooperatipresentation onskills Displays succinct presentation skillsIn the above examples of “The” Entrepreneurial Mindset, multiple approaches andconceptualizations are revealed
such as identification, commitment,interconnectedness and cultural intelligence. These concepts draw on extensive research in socialidentity theory, self-efficacy theory, the human need for social connectedness, and research on howcultural intelligence enables people to work more effectively with culturally diverse others.In addition, the COI survey aligns well with the focus of NSF on cultivating an inclusiveprofessional culture within ERCs. This culture is characterized by open-mindedness, fairness,collaboration, respectfulness, and encouragement of professional growth. These factors echoexisting research on inclusive environments and their role in motivating individuals, drivinginnovation, and fostering creativity in diverse teams. Although
ParticipationNone of the articles measured Access and only one article (indirectly) measured Participation.The one article relating to participation was indirect since the research was not intended tomeasure enrollment but reported on it in the article. The author aimed to find the impact of anoutreach camp on computing confidence, intent to persist, social support, and computing outcomeexpectations. The survey instruments measured these constructs rather than enrollment. However,in the Discussion section the author makes note of camp enrollment numbers. Thus, participationis indirectly investigated.4.3 ExperienceSimilar to Capacity, as we started classifying Experience reports, we also identified the constructthat was investigated (e.g., self-efficacy
: they believe in innate talents. Thegrowth mindset is considered an important component in promoting positive learning behaviorsand dispositions, because it promotes success through effort.Dweck also found that students with the growth mindset adopt a mastery goal orientation, inwhich they strive to master an academic subject whereas students with the fixed mindset adopt aperformance goal orientation in which they aim only to earn a grade or to perform better thanpeers8. Mastery goal orientation has been associated with positive outcomes such as self-efficacy,persistence, preference for challenge, and self-regulated learning, whereas performance goalorientations has been associated with maladaptive patterns of cognition, affect, and behavior 9
application in clinical physiological measurement,” Physiol. Meas., vol. 28, no. 3, p. R1, 2007.[6] O. Hoilett, “PulseFit - DIY Heart Sensor With Auto-Adjusted Threshold and Heart-Shaped LED Heartbeat Indicator,” Instructables.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.instructables.com/id/Heart-Sensor-With-AutoAdjusted-Threshold-and-Heart/. [Accessed: 23-Mar-2017].[7] T. Knapp, B. Fisher, and C. Levesque-Bristol, “Service-Learning’s Impact on College Students’ Commitment to Future Civic Engagement, Self-Efficacy, and Social Empowerment,” J. Community Pract., vol. 18, no. 2–3, pp. 233–251, Aug. 2010.[8] C. Levesque-Bristol, T. D. Knapp, and B. J. Fisher, “The Effectiveness of Service-Learning: It’s Not Always what you Think,” J. Exp
. Dissemination Partners include the Journal of Engineering Entrepreneurship [JEEN], The NSF sponsored Epicenter Project - The National Center for Engineering Pathways to Innovation at Stanford University and Venture Well, and ASEE‘s Entrepreneurship and Innovation Division.Instrument Development Process (Penn State team leads) Instrument research. In 2013/2014, 39 validated instruments that measure constructs related to one or more of our 20 characteristics of engineering innovativeness were identified from the Entrepreneurship, Information Processing, and Motivation/Self Efficacy literature. The constructs underlying these instruments were critically reviewed in terms of the elements of cognitive function they
in the subject domain.MethodsWhile the data analysis is ongoing, the survey questions had a 4-Likert scale to measurestudents’ perceptions. Most survey questions utilized a 4-item Likert scale from StronglyDisagree, Disagree, Agree, to Strongly Agree. Multiple items asked students about theclassrooms’ environment, activities and interactions as well as self-efficacy. 42 of the 46undergraduate chemical engineering students consented to participate in the study. A closed-ended survey was administered to participants with a 52% response rate.Preliminary Results74% of the responding students indicated the homework and in-class worksheets were mostconducive to their learning while reading the textbook was perceived by 60% of the respondentsas the
valuablecontrol measure for assessing classroom activities.Keywords: STEM education, experiment-centric pedagogy, artificial intelligence, deep learning,education assessment, student engagement, learning dynamics, classroom observation.IntroductionScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is shifting fromtraditional lecture-based methods to more immersive and experiment-centric pedagogy. Thispedagogical approach aims to foster self-efficacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving skillsamong students and enhance their interest and motivation in STEM fields [1], [2]. However,assessing the effectiveness and impact of this pedagogy poses significant challenges, especiallyin measuring student engagement during the implementation of
to build this version of the circuitwere successful.Figure 3: LED calculator circuit using (a) discrete components and (b) an input/output PCB [31]Intellectually challenging PBL projects that maintain a high success rate are vital for building self-efficacy among students. In the summer 2019, a PCB version of the LED calculator activity wasdeveloped that uses surface-mounted components for the 5V regulator, switches, LEDs, andresistors. See Figure 3b. By abstracting away the complex input and output circuitry, campers wereable to focus on the wiring connections between the switches, logic gates, and LED outputs,thereby increasing the success rate of building the LED calculator to 100% for the 36 students whoparticipated when the camp was
initially associatesvalue with a behavior, and then begins to engage in that behavior, until becoming fully motivatedto act out the behavior in everyday life16.Existing Motivation Assessments. A number of established assessment instruments exist withconstructs related to motivation. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ),developed to measure learning strategies and academic motivation used by college students,identifies motivation constructs for extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, taskvalue, and control expectancy20The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), a multidimensional measurement to assess students’subjective experience in laboratory experiments, includes constructs for attainment, utility
accept differences in opinions andgoals, even when those goals are not in alignment. They make forward progress through timely de-cisions, strategic compromises and coordinated actions. The professional will expand or contractto fill the roles that are needed on a team 38 .Role ModelThe role model is searching for continuous growth in themselves and the team around them. Theydo not lead in the traditional sense but rather gain the respect of those around them through self-efficacy 39,40,41 a growth mindset 42 and intrinsic motivation - characteristics of what Jim Collinsdescribes as the “Level 5” or Enlightened Leader 38 . They learn from their own failures 43 and en-courage others to learn from theirs. They motivate others by appealing to their
-economic backgrounds incomputing fields.Research surrounding women’s engagement in computing has been on the rise in recent years. Itbegan with the realization that computer science is the only STEM field that is experiencing asteady decline of female enrollment since the 1980’s, 37% to 18% [5]. Since this revelation,rigorous research has highlighted the barriers to computing which include environment andclimate, stereotypes, and self-efficacy, to name a few [6-8, 23]. Exploration has also includedinitiatives by various organizations and universities that have proven to be successful atattracting and retaining women in computer science [9-10].Another demographic with paltry representation within the fields of computing garneringattention in the
networks to use the new IT system [17]. Informationalinfluence also draws from the theory of social learning in that the individual learns how to usenew systems from the experience of others, thus avoiding the opportunity costs of trying to learnon his or her own [9].Lewis et al. [18] identify three factors of individual beliefs for using a new IT system: 1)individual, 2) institutional, and 3) social norm, which, in turn, are related to either informationalor normative social influence. The individual factor includes computer self-efficacy that drawsfrom social cognitive theory in that the informational influence from watching others perform abehavior, impacts the individual into thinking that he or she can also successfully perform thatbehavior
Instrument Designed to Investigate Elements of Science Students’ Metacognition, Self-Efficacy and Learning Processes: The SEMLI-S. International Journal of Science Education 30, 1701-1724, doi:10.1080/09500690701482493 (2008).22 Martin, A. J. Enhancing student motivation and engagement: The effects of a multidimensional intervention. Contemporary Educational Psychology 33, 239-269 (2008).
face of adversity and significantstress [8]. It is often described in terms of “bouncing back” from difficult experiences [e.g., 9,10, 11]. Resilience is a multidimensional construct [12] that is defined differently depending onthe context in which it is investigated. For example, in a study of how children developresilience, Maclean [13] discussed a wide range of factors including self-esteem, self-efficacy,locus of control, initiative, faith and morality, trust, affection, safe environment, autonomy,identity, and more. In an educational context, resilience has been defined as the “the heightenedlikelihood of success in school and in other life accomplishments, despite environmentaladversities” [14]. Similarly, Novotný and Kreménková [12
describes the targeted infusionof “making” into undergraduate STEM education as an approach to encourage innovation whilebuilding capacity in the 21st-century technical STEM skills of engineering and design.“Making’ has the potential to impact self-efficacy and building capacity in technical STEMskills among underrepresented and underserved science majors. To investigate how “making”experiences are received by Underrepresented Minority (URM) students at an HistoricallyBlack College or University (HBCU), we applied and received funding through the NationalScience Foundation HBCU-UP Targeted Infusion Project (TIP) mechanism. The infusionincluded “making” instructional practices and Course-based Undergraduate ResearchExperiences (CUREs) into two
. SNA allows students to examine how they participate in an informalatmosphere by equal participation [4]. Bruun et al. explored how self-reported studentinteractions can be viewed as meaning-making processes and use this to understand howquantitative measures that describe the position in a network, called centrality measures, can beunderstood in terms of the interactions that occur in the context of a university physics course[5]. Applying social network analysis (SNA) to measure student experiences, Dou et al. found acorrelation between the role of the students in their social network classroom and enhancedproduction of self-efficacy [6].Social media has been an immense influencer for making decisions nowadays [7], [8]. People arenot only