Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, York College of Pennsylvania; Kelly Arcieri, York College of Pennsylvania

Colleges and Employers, 2014.[25] "The top 10 soft skills employers look for," The HR Specialist, 6 May 2014.[26] Y. Benett, "The Validity and Reliability of Assessments and Self‐assessments of Work‐ Based Learning," Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 83-94, 1993.[27] J. J. Norcini, "ABC Of Learning And Teaching In Medicine: Work Based Assessment," British Medical Journal, vol. 326, no. 7392, pp. 753-755, 2003.[28] K. Wolf, "Leniency and Halo Bias in Industry-based Assessments of Student Competencies: A Critical, Sector-based Analysis," Higher Education Research & Development, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1045-1059, 2015.APPENDIX A -ABET Engineering Accreditation Commission Criterion 3. Student

Conference Session

ERM: Conceptualizations of Engineering and Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

Fundamentals of Science – a tool/fringe subject. Unusually she had a largenumber of applied scientists in her cohort.This argument about what the additional subjects should be has continued to the present day,particularly as it relates to instruction in the so-called ‘soft-skills’ required by industry. Theyare resented by many academic engineers and students on the grounds that they overloadcourses.Qu 6. Were students satisfied with the liberal studies they received?There was plenty of evidence then, as there is now, that students of technological studieshave more formal contact time in lectures and laboratories than students following otherdisciplines. It might have been expected, therefore, that the addition of subjects distant fromthe main

Conference Session

LEAD Technical Session 1: Fostering Leadership Identity Development and DEI in Engineering Students and Professionals

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katreena Thomas, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

system, my technical accomplishments or my technical like skills never get brought up. It's always like, yes, Gabrielle, is such a great leader, as she's so great with people to the point that I feel like some people, especially minorities, feel like they have to choose in order to be taken seriously as an engineer or as like a technical subject matter expert, [with] going to be involved in culture, creating leadership. Like, I'm not going to be involved in this fluffy stuff because I want my performance appraisal, I want my promotions, I want all these things. To be focused on my brain and not the fluffy soft skills. - GabrielleGabrielle's story elucidates a greater issue of how leadership is

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Technical Session 12

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kris Jaeger-Helton, Northeastern University; Constantine Mukasa, Northeastern University; Richard Whalen, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

and teamwork at 40% each. Other areas noted are being an initiative-taker at 30%, andbeing motivated and passionate, tied with time management at 20%. It is not surprising thatemployers want people who are competent communicators and effective teammates, as theseinterpersonal elements are core to establishing a successful workforce. These findings reinforce therequired technical skills highlighted earlier and justify interweaving them into the curriculum andreinforcing them throughout. Figure 2. Results of open-ended content analysis of Co-op faculty to the inquiry to outline professional people and power (‘soft’) skills needed for success.Students’ Survey: Cornerstone and Capstone PerspectiveCornerstone &

Conference Session

Inclusive Leadership: A Panel Discussion

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Volpe, University of Florida; Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., University of Florida; Sara Valentina Rojas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division (LEAD)

withhigh levels of leadership and professional skills [3]–[5]. Historically, leadership and professionalskills have been referred to as “soft skills” indicating lesser importance than the “hard” ortechnical skills typically associated with engineering. Leadership development was often pushedto the margins of engineering education using an end-of-program project or a few electivecourses to fulfill the requirements [6], [7]. However, recent work explores the potential andsuccess of integrating leadership and professional development into the technical aspects ofengineering education. This literature indicates that out-of-class activities such as summerinternships or research experiences (e.g., REU programs) can be beneficial in furthering

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED) Technical Session 10: Teaming and Professional Skills

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Carrico, P.E., E4S, LLC; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Sreyoshi Bhaduri, ThatStatsGirl

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

, employers, and schools [5]. They conclude the benefits for both thestudent and the employer are more than problem solving via experiential learning; benefits alsoinclude students’ abilities to communicate their areas of interest (and employers’ abilities tounderstand how students communicate their interests), interpersonal skills. and making valuablecontacts through networking opportunities. Finally, Finch, Hamilton, Baldwin, and Zehnerconducted a literature review and concluded that job acquisition strategies for, students (from avariety of backgrounds) should highlight both their problem-solving skills and “soft skills” as jobspecific functional skills are not as important to potential employers as originally thought [6].“To be a successful job

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division (WIED) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Marcela Silva, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Carolina Alvarado, California State University, Chico

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

the group, enhances effective communication,and develops soft skills. These elements sensitize group members (whether students oremployees), and the possibility and opportunity to maximize the presence and participation ofwomen exist, thus generating a more inclusive environment. In addition, participants mentionedthe importance of holding workshops and awareness-raising talks on gender and inclusion issues.Innovate educational strategies. Participants from the Group of students and faculty membersindependently agreed on the need for students to have field experience as part of their training sothat when they graduate, they will be more confident in their knowledge and skills and will notsimply be entering an environment that is alien and

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Integration at the Course Level

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary K. Pilotte, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rich Dionne, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ingrid Scheel, Oregon State University; Rachael E. Cate, Oregon State University; Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 5

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hye Rin Lee, University of Delaware; Sotheara Veng, University of Delaware; Yiqin Cao, University of Delaware; Juliana Baer, University of Delaware; Teomara Rutherford, University of Delaware; Austin Cory Bart

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

., classenvironment, course sequence) is vital to improve student learning and persistence in CS.B. CS Curriculum Design There have been great strides in determining potential areas of improvement among CScourses and programs [e.g., 26, 27, 28]. One area of literature focuses on college students nothaving the necessary skills and knowledge to work in the industry [29, 30, 31, 32]. In regard totheir soft skills, graduates tend to struggle with their verbal [31, 33] and writing [28, 30, 34]skills, in particular, clearly articulating their problems when they need help [29]. In regard totechnical skills, graduates often lack the ability to use a number of industry software tools, suchas configuration management and database tools [29, 32, 35]. Another

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 1: Recruitment and Support in Engineering Graduate Programs

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meredith Leigh Hooper, California Institute of Technology; Jacqueline Rose Tawney, California Institute of Technology ; Emily Hope Palmer, California Institute of Technology; James Ragan, California Institute of Technology; Morgan Louise Hooper, California Institute of Technology; Yazmin Gonzalez, California Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

importantly, refining a pedagogical approach. This skill set is seamlessly transferable toprofessorship. These positive unintended consequences merit further exploration.There is, of course, more work that could be done to increase equity throughout the qualifyingexam process involving active participation of academic departments. For instance, transparencycan be increased through the use of a rubric or otherwise clearly stated criteria for a ‘passing’evaluation. Also, the exam could be framed as an opportunity for every student to learn aboutthemselves and improve by creating the expectation that examiners will provide all students withboth positive and critical feedback. Furthermore, the implicit soft skills that are tested by oralqualifying exams

Conference Session

Design Thinking and Student Design Teams

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eileen Fong, Nanyang Technological University; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Nanyang Technological University; Shamita Venkatesh, Nanyang Technological University; Mi Song Kim, University of Western Ontario; Jingyi Liu, Nanyang Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

the engineering program structure could be filled with theuse of DT and that the present curriculum drove students to think in a ‘Just-in-Case’ manner– where students learned things in case they were going to be tested on them. With their DTapproach, specific content about the learning outcomes could be made accessible to students.This study found that it is pertinent for students to learn the necessary soft skills from ayoung age to get multiple opportunities to apply them during their engineering course [49].Moreover, there was great emphasis on the times and methods in which students’ learnerscomprehend the relevance of the content they are taught [49]. This can be compared to theresults of this study using EDIPT in an Asian context. As

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lois Joy; Nia Yisrael, Jobs for the Future

specifically noted theimportance of learning not to say “no” but instead “I will figure that out.” Others discussedlearning to interpret what clients want even when they lack the terminology or know-how toclearly express those needs. “[The internship] helped me more with my soft skills. Working with people, being able to delegate tasks, making sure that I was able to complete tasks on time and efficiently. It helped me become more of a team player.” MECC Student“I've learned really a lot about balancing and how to set priorities. [There is] bigtime value inlooking a little bit further ahead so that you know what's coming up. It is not uncommon withthis many employees and stuff to have three or four people sending you

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session #2: Global Engagement

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brad Putman, Bucknell University; Khaled A. Al-Sahili, An-Najah National University; Alia Gilbrecht, An-Najah National University; Karen Bunch Franklin; Shilpa Girish, Clemson University; Fabricio Leiva; Abdelhaleem Khader, An-Najah National University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

differences inperceived value between the IVE and non-IVE teams. The differences came from students fromdifferent countries as the Palestinian students perceived greater value in the experience than theirUS peers regardless of whether they were on an IVE team or not.IntroductionIt is critical that engineers not only have technical expertise, but also be able to work on diverseteams, effectively communicate with broad audiences, have a global perspective, and considerthe implications of their solutions on users and society as a whole. The importance of theseessential skills (sometimes referred to as “soft” skills) have been highlighted by the engineeringprofession. ABET, the accrediting body for engineering programs, points to these competenciesin

Collection

2023 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Dylan Marcus Tobey, University of Pittsburgh; Tony Lee Kerzmann, University of Pittsburgh; Veronica Roth; David V.P. Sanchez, University of Pittsburgh

productivity.Communication skills were another area that benefitted from students’ participation in this project.Within the team itself, students had ample opportunities to hone their soft skills likecommunication. Students worked closely with one another to set goals and delegate tasks, keepingthe team focused and the project on track. Students also practiced effective communication throughproblem-solving meetings where assumptions and methods of calculation were decided throughdebate and collaboration. Communication between student researchers and advising facultymembers was also an important aspect of the project. During weekly meetings and through regularcorrespondence, students gained experience asking questions and receiving guidance from theirfaculty

Conference Session

Social Justice: Pedagogy, Curricular Reform, and Activism

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rachel Koh, Smith College; Jenn Stroud Rossmann, Lafayette College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

“soft” skills, and the high social status resulting from the challenging and expensive trainingrequired for the position – may be related to the moral superiority associated with historicalpresentism. Presentism is a tendency to view now as the most progressive, advanced momentrelative to a primitive, morally technologically inferior past, and to judge those in the past bycontemporary standards, and to neglect consideration of history (e.g. [42]). Some scholars havefound political motives in presentism (e.g. as “implicit Cold Warriors who saw history, in part, asa vehicle in the fight against radicalism at home and abroad” in [43]).The rigidity of engineering education may also contribute to a pattern of systemic exclusion.Forbes, et al., [44

Conference Session

Career Advancement Through Engineering Leadership Development

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hwangbo Bae, University of Florida; Madeline Polmear, University of Florida; Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

: So I think in a lot of ways that's…the complexity of the soft [professional] skills. And it's funny when we talk about soft skills. We don't mean that they're lesser than hard [technical] skills. It's that they're less definable.While Dr. James acknowledged the importance of teaching professional skills, he faceddifficulties in integrating these skills into the classroom because of their complexity and lack ofclarity. Due to the perceived challenges of including professional skills in the curriculum, out-of-class activities were offered as an important complement.Faculty members believed that students with experience outside the classroom are betterprepared for their careers through the acquisition of professional skills

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shuvra Das, University of Detroit Mercy; David Pistrui, University of Detroit Mercy; Darrell K. Kleinke P.E., University of Detroit Mercy; Eric T. Gehrig, Target Training International, Ltd.; Ron Bonnstetter

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

TriMetrix® DNA in acombination of descriptive and multivariate methods and techniques that quantifiedspecific behavioral attributes and professional competencies found in entrepreneuriallyminded engineers [16]. The doctoral dissertation research of Dietrich (2012) was able toquantitatively distinguish between engineers and entrepreneurially minded engineers inboth behavior and mastery of professional skills in the workplace [17]. Research byPistrui et al. used the TTI TriMetrix® DNA assessment suite to define and establish ameasurement model of undergraduate engineering education learning outcomesassociated with professional competencies (soft skills) development [18].The authors used the TTI TriMetrix DNA assessment framework to analyze

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Aaron Carpenter, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Clearly define the parameters of resubmission and any expectations. • Ask the students to submit resubmission reports. This requirement helped the instructor to quickly note if the student has made the necessary changes and understands why they were necessary. It could be as simple as a few short descriptive sentences. • Give clear feedback, but not answers. Facilitative feedback can lead students to fixing their mistakes, but if the instructor gives the correction directly, students will grow from the resubmission [32]. • Create “student success” and soft skills rubrics. In subsequent versions of these courses, the instructors added (but have not fully assessed) rubrics regarding a student’s effort and

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shraddha Joshi, James Madison University; Bob Rhoads, Ohio State University; Kris Jaeger-Helton, Northeastern University; Sindia M. Rivera-Jiménez, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

] Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research. Cambridge University Press, 2014.[9] S. Deep, A. Ahmed, N. Suleman, M. Z. Abbas, and H. S. A. Razzaq, “The Problem-Based Learning Approach towards Developing Soft Skills: A Systematic Review,” p. 27, 2020.[10] N. A. Ebrahim, S. Ahmed, and Z. Taha, “SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review,” Int. J. Phys. Sci., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 916–930, Jul. 2010.[11] J. R. Goldberg and S. Howe, “Virtual Capstone Design Teams: Preparing for Global Innovation (Journal article),” Int. J. Eng. Educ., vol. 31, pp. 1773–1779, 2015.[12] Y. Shen, L. Li, G. Zheng, and R. Guo, “An Evaluation Framework for Selecting Collaboration Systems

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Minha R. Ha, York University; Aleksander Czekanski , CEEA-ACEG

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

learning, industry collaboration and designing for positive social impact which contributes to the uniqueness of York’s engineering program. As an active participant in the establishment of the undergraduate and graduate Mechanical Engineering programs, his attention is devoted to providing students with both experiential learning and soft skills. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Managing Polarities: Perception of Value, Designer Roles andOrganizational Conditions that Influence Design Outcomes in Mechanical EngineeringAbstractDesign engineers can greatly contribute to the growth of a business organization by not

Conference Session

Design Courses 1, Teaching Tools

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shantanu Gupta, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Caroline K. Marete, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

in solving ‘real’ worldchallenges, a task that can equip students with technical and soft skills that are necessary in theindustry. Experiential learning experiences such as capstone projects is one way for students togain hands on industry experience as they prepare to enter the industry [3]. Other ways studentscan gain hands on experience is through internships and cooperative programs. Throughcollaborative projects between schools and industry, students learn to: • apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems, • communicate effectively with their industry consultants and fellow student team members, • understand financial impacts of problem solutions, • work in teams, • to understand industry demands such

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum and Course Development

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Karl D. Schubert FIET, University of Arkansas; Manuel D. Rossetti P.E., University of Arkansas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

development of theprogram discussed in this paper. A main finding is that data science programs tend to have moreprogramming, statistics, and higher mathematics requirements than programs that focus on dataanalytics. This is an important aspect to communicate to students and their parents. In addition,the authors called for more analysis of how programs teach the soft skills that are important tocareers in data analytics and data science. Borne et al. [7] describe the need for computationaland data science programs, especially within science related fields. This need is being driven byemerging interdisciplinary areas in bioinformatics, geoinformatics, astroinformatics, andmaterials informatics. An important point to emphasize is the broad nature of

Conference Session

Undergraduate Students' Professional Skills and Reflection

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo; Hala Alfadhli, University at Buffalo; Lucas Wickham, University at Buffalo; Ashley Cummings, University at Buffalo; Randy Yerrick, Fresno State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

literatureincluding competencies that are more often deemed professional competencies or “soft skills,” likecommunicate effectively and coordinate efforts (i.e. teamwork). While a key finding of their meta-analysis is that “engineering practice requires coordinating multiple competencies to accomplisha goal” they also found that competencies important to practice are not aligned to the learningoutcomes that engineering curricula are built around [10].The lack of alignment between learning outcomes of the curriculum and the competenciesnecessary for practice are reflected in literature that graduates are underprepared for professionalpractice. Korte, Sheppard, and Jordan [14] suggested an expansion and emphasis on theprofessional competencies of critical

Conference Session

Critical Conversations on Being Valued

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Minha R. Ha, York University; Jeffrey Harris, York University; Aleksander Czekanski , CEEA-ACEG

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity

Engineering at York University, Canada. Before beginning his academic career, Dr. Czekanski worked for over 10 years in the automotive sector. Dr. Czekanski attention is dedicated to newly established Lassonde School of Engineering (York). He devotes his efforts towards the enrichment of Renaissance Engineering program by including interdisciplinary learning, industry collaboration and designing for positive social impact which contributes to the uniqueness of York’s engineering program. As an active participant in the establishment of the undergraduate and graduate Mechanical Engineering programs, his attention is devoted to providing students with both experiential learning and soft skills

Conference Session

Studies of Student Teams and Student Interactions

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Marcia Gail Headley, University of Delaware; Amy Trauth, University of Delaware; Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware; Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, civil,biomedical, electrical, and mechanical engineering [1-7]. Considered a critical instructionalstrategy for aiding students in developing durable professional “soft” skills [8, 9], team-basedlearning involves collaborative interactions among students to achieve a common design goal.To be sure, the ability to function on teams and communicate effectively are two process skillsthat all engineering students should acquire as a result of completing a post-secondary programof study in engineering [10]. In engineering, team-based learning often occurs through product orprocess design projects. While the details of team-based design projects may vary by discipline,in general, they have three features. First, they present an open-ended problem to

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kate Caroline Batson, University of Georgia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

—is of paramountimportance.The importance of communication within the engineering industry has prompted an ideologicalshift in higher education—especially regarding the skills engineering students should possess.Learning outcomes of engineering students are moving from emphasis on students’ technicalabilities towards what are termed ‘soft skills’ that complement technical expertise—one suchskill being successful communication. In fact, the main accrediting board for the Engineeringfield—the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)—listed the students’“ability to communicate effectively with a range of audiences” (ABET, 2017) as one of its maincriteria for institutions seeking accreditation. Troy and Liang (2019) echo this

Conference Session

Key Educational & Professional Issues of Strategic Importance to the Civil Engineering Profession - and ASCE - Part 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Norb Delatte P.E., Oklahoma State University; Stephen J. Ressler P.E., United States Military Academy; Audra N. Morse P.E., Michigan Technological University; Camilla M. Saviz P.E., University of the Pacific; Brock E. Barry P.E., U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

aware that each year a substantial percentage of the shortcomings cited were associated withCriterion 3 [3].”The Criterion 3 Task Force was instructed to survey constituents about the EAC Criterion 3outcomes and the accreditation process. Data collected in this survey focused primarily onproblems that evaluators and programs were experiencing with the existing outcomes—e.g.,difficulties and inconsistencies in assessing the “soft skill” outcomes such as life-long learning.The EAC Criteria Committee reviewed the work of the Criterion 3 Task Force and incorporatedadditional constituent feedback into the development of draft revisions to Criterion 3. In doingso, the committee determined that revisions to Criterion 5 (Curriculum) would also be

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Skills Development Across the Undergraduate-to-Workforce Transition

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrea Chan, Troost Institute for Leadership Education in Engineering (ILead); Cindy Rottmann, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve P.Eng., University of Toronto; Emily Moore P.Eng., University of Toronto; Milan Maljkovic, Troost Institute for Leadership Education in Engineering; Emily Macdonald-Roach

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

A.Ravishankar Rao