Conference Session

Student Entrepreneurial and Innovative Mindset

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth W. Van Treuren, Baylor University; Buford Randall Jean, Baylor University; Cynthia C. Fry, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

/intrapreneurial mindset is increasingly important as the U.S. competes to maintainits economic position in a global marketplace based on innovation. The Department ofMechanical Engineering at Baylor University has even changed its mission and objectivestatements to reflect this changing engineering environment and is shown below: The Mechanical Engineering Program at Baylor University exists to educate and equip Page 25.1246.3 servant-leaders who are: 1. motivated by Christian ideals and a vocational calling to improve people's quality of life worldwide 2. enabled by fundamental technical, communication, and

Conference Session

BME Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Warren, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

topics listed on the tentative schedule in the course syllabus.More specifically, the students are instructed to submit the following by mid-semester: • A session outline that indicates how they wish to allocate their 25 minutes. • A list of teaching tools they plan to employ to most effectively demonstrate their topic (white papers, journal articles, web sites, videos, personal interviews, props, …). • An idea or two regarding a homework assignment that will better familiarize the other students with the subject. The assignment should be doable in about an hour and be focused enough that the other students can reflect on one facet of the chosen area. Because two sessions are planned for each 50-minute class

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

monitoring. The societal impact of the project, energy scavenging methods, alsomakes students more aware of what engineering can do to address current energy issuesworldwide and how to provide long lasting power supply for environmental monitoring systems.Presently we are modifying the content of the project to address the main concern that thestudents of the project team expressed in their reflection papers, i.e. the level of complexity andthe amount of time needed to complete the project. The project presented above, together withother projects proposed by the authors in the areas of renewable energy, energy harvesting andwireless sensor networks have been used to draw student’s interest in the field of renewableenergy sources, advanced and

Conference Session

Teaching Statics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shraddha Sangelkar, Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Omar M. Ashour, Pennsylvania State University; Russell L. Warley, Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Oladipo Onipede Jr., Pennsylvania State University, Erie

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

. The next subsection discusses theresponses of students to the open-ended questions in the survey. Table 3. Responses of previous students on some reflection type questions Strongly Strongly Question Disagree Neutral Agree Disagree AgreeMore likely to work at getting correctanswers on current courses 4% 15% 21% 45% 15%Looking

Conference Session

Mentoring Minorities: Effective Programs, Practices, and Perspectives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joi-Lynn Mondisa, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

other in countless ways” (p. 68)34. Race and gender, as well as other sociallyconstructed concepts that contribute to one’s identity, must be understood intersectionally. Intersectionality is defined as how socially-constructed social categories such as race andgender intersect and influence experiences 50,51. Instead of examining race, gender, sexualorientation, and other markers of difference as singular identities, Riley & Pawley (2011) useintersectionality to look at individuals’ experiences through their narratives which reflected theirintersecting identities 51. In looking at the intersectionality of race and gender and its effect onmentoring, intersectionality can provide insight into how race and gender influence

Conference Session

Approaches to Mathematics Curriculum to Include Projects and Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gunter Bischof, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences; Annette Casey B.A., University of Applied Sciences FH JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria; Emilia Andreeva-Moschen, Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

supervisors presented the task. In addition, they received detailedinformation on the scope of the project, the timetable and deadlines and the evaluationcriteria.During the semester the students went through the following stages1: 1. Researching the topics 2. Finding the technical and mathematical solutions 3. Acquiring the relevant background knowledge and skills 4. Designing and programming the software 5. Documenting the process from research to development and finally to output 6. Reflecting on project management, team work and the performance of individual team members in the form of a brief written appraisal 7. Handing in software and documentation on a pre-defined dateThe role of the project advisors, as subject experts

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division New Ideas Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarvesh S. Kulkarni, Villanova University; Frank Klassner, Villanova University; Vijay Gehlot, Villanova University; E.J. Dougherty III, Villanova University; Sue McFarland Metzger, Villanova University; William P. Wagner, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

controlled.” 9 After discussing several casestudies, students were then invited to identify opportunities within the mobile app arena: whatneeds do they think that they, their peers, or their families have, that could be addressed withapps; how could existing apps be improved to better meet consumers’ needs? In the first twocourse offerings, students discussed their ideas and formed their own teams within the groupmembership policy presented earlier in this section. In the third and fourth course offerings, weformalized the team creation process by encouraging students to post their reflections on an“Idea Bounce” blog; the students then “pitched” their app ideas in class, and listed their threebest ideas in order of preference. The instructors then

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences with Mechanical, Materials and Fluid Systems

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa I. Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

experience), watching (reflective observation), thinking/modeling (abstractconceptualization), and applying/doing (active experimentation). Kolb’s learning cycle has beenused in various engineering education programs such as civil2-4, mechanical4, chemical2, 3, 5,industrial6, aeronautical4, and manufacturing2, 3, 7 engineering. Thus, active experimentation likebuilding mechanical objects as visualization aids, building mechanical parts as a newmanufacturing process, and building prototypes as steps in the design process or research, is anessential part of the learning process.The success of rapid prototyping projects in engineering education, albeit using expensive 3D

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the Learning Sciences,Vol.9, No.3, pp.313-314.26. Oakes, W. C., Jamieson, L. H., and Coyle, E. j.,(2001), “EPICS: Meeting EC 2000 Through Service Learning,” Proc., ASEE Conference and Exhibition, Session 3461.27. Bright, A., and Dym, C. L., (2004), “General Engineering at Harvey Mudd: 1957-2003,” Proc., ASEE Conf. and Exhibition, Session 1471.28. Adams, R. S., Turns, J., and Atman, C. J., (2003), “Educating Effective Engineering Designers: The Role of Reflective Practice,” Design Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp.275—294.29. Mills, J. E., and Treagust, D. F., (2004), “Engineering Education- Is Problem – Based or Project - Based Learning the Answer?” Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, www.aaee.com. Au/journal

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane M. Fraser, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Alejandro Teran, Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM); Hoa Thi Pham, International University - Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City

Tagged Divisions

International

, Harman reported the existence of 368 higher education institutions providingfor over 1.5 million students and in 2013, Nguyen et al .report 419 institutions enrolling 2.2million students, reflecting the large growth in higher education occurring in Vietnam.11The country is undergoing a social and economic planned transformation, and like China, isforging its own path in the development and application of a “socialist-oriented marketmechanism.” The higher education system is under a major structural and policy reform, moving Page 24.972.12Vietnam from a Soviet model of higher education towards a western-styled system. The reformis being planned in the

Conference Session

Best of NEE

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melani Plett, Seattle Pacific University; Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Rebecca A. Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Cheryl Allendoerfer, University of Washington; Diane Carlson Jones Ph.D, University of Washington; Tamara Floyd-Smith, Tuskegee University; Nanette M. Veilleux, Simmons College; Caitlin Hawkinson Wasilewski, Seattle Pacific University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

methods approaches.26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32ResultsThe significant findings from our research efforts, so far, fall into six primary categories, relatedto the six categories discussed above in the brief literature review. Our findings are summarizedbelow along with further explanation. Page 24.977.6   1. A student’s sense of belonging in classes and major is strongly associated with academic engagement and other positive outcomes.26 Belonging reflects the experiences of a student in the STEM environment and has implications for what they do in class (effort and participation) and how they feel about their

Conference Session

Critical Thinking, Leadership, and Creativity

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin L. Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Johannes Strobel, Texas A&M University; Rui Pan, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carrie A. Wachter Morris, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

worksupported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program underGrant No. DGE-1333468. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Science Foundation. Page 24.991.11References1. National Academy of Engineering. (2004). The engineer of 2020: Visions of engineering in the new century. Washington DC: National Academies Press.2. National Academy of Engineering. (2009). Engineering in K-12 education: Understanding the status and improving the prosects. Washington, DC: National Academies

Conference Session

Ethical Behavior in Academia and Beyond

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn A. Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

rather significant typographical error that any competent copy editor shouldhave corrected. Figure 3. Poor website advertisement for a publisher-based conference18Grammatical errors may also be found in the titles of certain journals, such as 66 of the 72journals published by Advance [sic] Research Publications that all begin with the phrase“Journal of Advance Research in. . . .”19 In addition, predatory journal sites tend to be “poorlymaintained,” with dead links, and may include purloined images reproduced without permission.9Explanatory sections on journal websites may exhibit language that reflects poorly on editorialstandards. International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Computing, forexample, identifies itself

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Curriculum and Programming Resources, Part 1 of 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Marie Baker, University of Nebraska, Lincoln - Mid American Transportation Center; Laurence R Rilett P.E., University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Gina M. Kunz; Gwen C. Nugent

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

concepts to transportation. 3) Next, students engage in hands-on activities, utilizing and applying the main concepts of the day’s lesson. 4) Typically, transportation professionals are invited to club sessions, where they provide a multimedia presentation pertaining to their respective field, a project going on in the community and/or a specific sector of the workforce (e.g., salary information and educational requirements). This presentation tends to take place toward the end of the club period. 5) The program day ends with a “wrap-up” activity to summarize main themes or ideas and record reflections on the day’s

Conference Session

Best of NEE

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dirk Colbry, Michigan State University; Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

students to share their experiences. Other optionsmight include presenting a poster or giving a talk at a campus or regional symposium, or evengiving a formal presentation to the research group or department. Distilling their experiencesinto a poster or oral presentation gives students valuable experience in communicating technicalcontent, and encourages students to reflect on the their contributions to the larger researchproject.Example ProjectsThis three-step method for mentoring undergraduate researchers is easy for faculty to implementand scaffolds students’ introduction to the research domain. Highly motivated students have theopportunity to gain skills and responsibility as they move through the three stages of thismentoring plan. For

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bushra Tawfiq Chowdhury, Virginia Tech; Stephanie Marie Kusano, Virginia Tech; Aditya Johri, George Mason University; Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech, Industrial Design

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

another to Reduction in degree of freedomfreedom perform the task by breaking down (Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976) the problem.Marking critical A peer asks questions in order to Marking critical features (Woodfeatures understand why and how the other et al., 1976) came to a certain conclusion. This helps students to identify and reflect on discrepancies in the design.Fading support A peer initially helps another but Ongoing diagnosis gradually modifies his/her role so (Wood et al., 1976

Conference Session

Choice and Persistence in Engineering Education and Careers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alana Unfried, North Carolina State University; Malinda Faber, North Carolina State University; Eric N. Wiebe, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

this labor supply gap can use information aboutthe varying STEM career interests of different types of students, such as students fromhistorically underrepresented groups, to most effectively achieve their goals.AcknowledgementsPortions of this material are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. (DUE-1038154) – any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressedin this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation. Portions of the work were also supported by The Golden LEAF Foundation. Page 24.1114.13References1. National

Conference Session

Software Engineering Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter J. Clarke, Florida International Univeristy; Debra Lee Davis, Florida International University; Raymond Chang Lau, Florida International University; Tariq M. King, Ultimate Software Group, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

described. Many of the testing tools only consistently provide statement andbranch coverage.26 From the results shown in Table 2, second to last row, labeled Average, thevalue in the branch coverage column was consistently lower than the values for statement cover-age. The results of the study support the claim that branch coverage subsumes statement coverage.In future studies we plan to investigate other subsumes relations, e.g., multiple condition coverage(MCC) subsumes branch coverage. One limitation of extending the study is that most freely avail-able tools only provide statement and branch coverage, which is two of the less efficient white-boxtesting techniques as reflected in the subsume hierarchy

Conference Session

Flipping ECE Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah Stickel, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

in this figure. The “Other” 90% 15.5% 16.5%reasons included sleeping in, subway delays and 100% 7.7% 13.8%commuting, and having a test on that day. Themajor difference in the “Too much work” Figure 3. Primary Reason for Missing Lecturesresponses could be due to the fact that one ofthe other courses in this term modestly reducedtheir design project requirements from 2012 to2013. However, this is likely only part of thereason given that the change was not as drasticas the data reflects. The fact that 16% of theinverted cohort chose “Too early” is likely dueto the fact that of the three lecture sections, onesection did have a 9 AM class, while for thetraditional

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Engineering Economy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian M. Nicholls, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Neal A Lewis, University of Bridgeport; Ted Eschenbach P.E., University of Alaska Anchorage

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

reflected in a brief questionnaire atthe end of the semester, as shown in Table 1. Of the 20 students, 19 preferred using spreadsheetsto conventional methods (one preferred using traditional engineering factors). Voluntarycomments were strongly supportive of the spreadsheet approach. Based on these results, theSpring 2014 course is being held in a computer lab. Table 1. Student Responses to the Computer Lab Question 1a and 1b What is the value What is your (N=20) of using Excel in recommendation class? regarding having

Conference Session

FPD 1: The Path to Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Marisa K. Orr, Louisiana Tech University; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University and Central Queensland University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

engineering courses. And I saw civil and I saw that there was a lot of equivalencies so that I could just keep going with the course and not really pay attention to co-reqs. Because I’ve already taken the co-reqs and pre-reqs. I: So you went to civil because many of the courses that you had taken would apply in civil? M: Yes. Yes.When reflecting on the transfer experience, Mike noted that he had been admitted to D-State as afreshman and chose to go to Southeast D-State instead. I: So what do you think would’ve been different if you had decided to come here as a freshman? M: I probably wouldn’t even gone through engineering. I probably would’ve stayed

Conference Session

Professional Development and Advising for Graduate Students

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erika Mosyjowski, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Diane L Peters, Kettering University; Steve Skerlos, University of Michigan; Adam B. Baker, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

significant differences between the groups’ ratingsof their advisors’ effectiveness. However, there were several interesting trends in students’ open-ended responses. A disproportionate number of direct-pathway students mentioned anappreciation for their advisors’ assistance networking and for those that serve as a professionalmentor, which could possibly reflect returners’ higher likelihood of having past experiencewithin the field and existing professional connections. There were also interesting trends in someof the negative characteristics identified by students. Returners were much more likely tospecifically critique their advisors’ management style, whereas direct-pathway students morefrequently asserted that their advisors were difficult to

Conference Session

Focus on African-American and Hispanic Engineering Students’ Professional and Academic Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olgha Bassam Qaqish, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

. Equity & Excellence in Education, 35(2), 131-143.[9] Jackson, J. F. L., & Moore, J. L. (2006). African American males in education: Endangered or ignored?Teachers College Record, 108(2), 201-205. Page 24.1266.12[10] Jett, C. C. (2009). African American Men and College Mathematics: Gaining Access and Attaining Success.Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology Dissertations. Paper 44.[11] Noguera, P. A. (2008). The trouble with black boys: And other reflections on race, equity, and the futureof public education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.[12] Maton, K. I., Hrabowski, F. A., & Schmitt, C. L. (2000). African

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudia Elena Vergara, Michigan State University; Mark Urban-Lurain, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University; Abdol-Hossein Esfahanian, Michigan State University; Hannah McQuade, The Center for Engineering Education Research; Andrew League, Michigan State University; Chris John Bush, The Center for Engineering Education Research; Michael Cavanaugh, Michigan State University, Center for Engineering Education Research

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

National Science Foundation (NSF)under awards 722221 and 0939065. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe NSF.References[1] Bernold, L. E., Spurlin, J. E., & Anson, C. M. (2007). Understanding our students: A longitudinal study ofsuccess and failure in engineering with implications for increased retention. Journal of Engineering Education, 96(3), 263-274.[2] Denning, P. J. (1992). Educating a new engineer. Communications of the ACM, 35 (12), 82-97.[3] Froyd, J. E., & Ohland, M. W. (2005). Integrated engineering curricula. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 147-164.[4] National Research Council (Ed.). (2002

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Kristine Sheridan, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve P.Eng., University of Toronto; Greg Evans, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

a Team-effectiveness Inventory18. This inventorypresents 27 competencies that comprise three aspects of individual team-member effectiveness:organizational aspects (project management), relational aspects (interpersonal relations), andcommunication aspects (information presentation and discussion) as shown in Table 1. Thesecompetencies are developed in students through the use of an online Team-effectivenessLearning System that allows students to complete and reflect upon self- and peer-assessments oftheir actions along these competencies. The inventory is comprised of a 7-point behaviourallyanchored rating scale for each competency which describes what each of the competenciesshould look like in a team working at the ‘performing’ stage of

Conference Session

Design in the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amit Janardhan Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin, Madison; John P. Puccinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Matthew S. Bollom; Willis J. Tompkins, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

videos from a previous offeringof the course. These videos are linked from the Moodle Courses homepage. A short reflection onthe video is due at noon the following Monday.Required MaterialsThe required BME 201 Course Handbook will be sold by the UW Chapter of the BiomedicalEngineering Society (BMES) during the first lecture for $20.00. There are no other requiredtextbooks. Videos, slides, and written materials will be provided on Moodle Courses. Printing access (such as through your CAE account) will also be needed for somesupplemental materials to your handbook such as Lab 2 and notes about the design project.Course HandbookThe BME 201 Course Handbook contains notes about design project topics, the lab materials,and starting space for your

Conference Session

The Philosophy of Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William R. Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Jason K Durfee P.E. P.E., Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

showcases will be used to promote bothtechnological literacy and the “TECH393: Technology in World Civilization” course. It is likelythat this effort will steer additional students into the course as well.Conclusions, Reflections, and the FutureThe study of past technologies utilizing recreated artifacts, collected objects, graphic images,pictures, videos, and display cases has enhanced the student's knowledge of technologicalliteracy. The relationship between people and technology is now better understood in terms of itssocial, cultural, political, and economic aspects. The problem solving ability of previousgenerations of humans along with their desire to invent and develop new tools, techniques, andprocesses are also more appreciated. The

Conference Session

Data Analytics in Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew A. Verleger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay McCormack, University of Idaho; Ashley Ater Kranov, ABET; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Patrick D. Pedrow P.E., Washington State University; Edwin R. Schmeckpeper, Norwich University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

expressed in this material are those of theauthors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation.8. References 1. Loughry, M., Ohland, M., and Moore, D. “Development of a theory-based assessment of team member effectiveness”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 505-524. 2. Mourtos, N. “Defining, teaching, and assessing lifelong learning skills”, Proceedings from the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, June 2003. 3. McMartin, F., McKenna, A., and Youssefi, K., “Scenario assignments as assessment tools for undergraduate engineering education”, IEEE Transactions on Education, 43(2), 2000, 111-119. 4. Sindelar, M., Shuman, L, Besterfield-Sacre

Conference Session

The Civil Engineering Technologist and the Civil Engineer – What’s the Difference?

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe D Manous Jr P.E., Institute for Water Resources, USACE; Jon D Nelson, Tetra Tech, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

contract administration, marketing, resources management, and computer aided design (CAD) based work. It is noteworthy that many interviewees had not been fully aware of the differences in content or opportunities between ETAC and EAC accredited programs when making decisions about colleges. The information is limited, but common reasons for selecting ETAC (technology) rather than EAC (engineering) programs often reflected personal situations (i.e., location, cost, grades, etc.) rather than an understanding of the job Page 23.947.6 opportunities offered by these programs. In some states, a limitation