Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Hoda Ehsan, Georgia Institute of Technology ; Christopher Cappelli, Georgia Institute of Technology; Euisun Kim, CEISMC; Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Michael Helms, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey H. Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marc Weissburg, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

,with the goal of overcoming the previously noted challenges through innovative pedagogicalmethods and exposing students to the benefits of engaging in such an interdisciplinarycurriculum. To be able to implement such as curricular, it is also crucial to provide a robustprofessional learning training for teachers. In the next sections, we provide information about theonline PL and teachers’ experiences with the activities.Online Teacher Professional LearningExperiential learning in teacher professional development is not a new approach but its focus ondeveloping teachers’ practice by experimenting, reflecting and adapting new theories, practicesand content they have been introduced to in their own professional context [11] has been

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kenneth J. Reid, University of Indianapolis; Tina Marie Griesinger, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

teacher. Pseudonyms areused throughout this paper.Preliminary Results:Data collection continues, particularly through Canvas (LMS), in teacher reflection and futurefocus groups. We expect more data to emerge as we progress through the year.From our initial findings, the main themes that emerged from teacher interviews wereadaptations (communication with students), student motivation (grades and student engagement),digital equity (laptops and internet access), successes (alternate projects) and teacher futureplans.Grading proved challenging for many of the teachers in terms of student motivation. Jack, ane4usa teacher, expressed "In Pennsylvania here, our governor, sort of in part of the decree saidthat no student could fail, on account of the

Conference Session

Engineering Communication I: History and Praxis

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

criteria and process reflected severaldifferent communities’ aspirations for the “engineer of the 21st century.” Next, we introduce ourmethodology for analyzing the papers published in the ASEE proceedings as a way to study howthe engineering education community has thought about communication over the past 20 years.After identifying trends and themes in each of the 3 years analyzed in this study, we sketch apreliminary history of engineering communication pedagogy and research in ASEE from 2000-2020. In brief, our initial findings suggest that (1) interest in engineering communication grewin tandem with the implementation of EC2000; (2) momentum built gradually between 2000 and2010 and more rapidly between 2010 and 2020; (3) meaningful

Conference Session

Design in Biomedical Engineering (Works in Progress) - June 24th

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Katherine E. Reuther, Columbia University; Rachel Diane Field, Columbia University; Aaron Kyle, Columbia University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

monitoring market) Pre-natal monitoring of pre- equipment and kit) eclampsia in Haiti Table 2. Project Topics and Sample ContributionsTeaching Methods. Our within-semester survey results (response rate=80%) reflect “stronglyagree” or “agree” in 100% of the student responses that the inclusion of case studies and externalspeakers support their learning in the course. 93% of the student responses also indicate“strongly agree” or “agree” that the interdisciplinary classroom environment and the groupproject support their learning in the course. Our final course survey results (response rate=80%)reflect “strongly agree” or “agree” in 100% of the student responses that

Conference Session

Insights for Teaching ECE Courses

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kent A. Crick, Iowa State University; Matthew T. Seipel, Iowa State University; Lisa M. Larson Ph.D., Iowa State University; Mack Shelley, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

leadership course with otherECSEL participants. This course was designed to promote professional development, communityamongst the scholars, and connection to the campus community at large while enhancing theiridentity as ECSE majors. As a part of the course students were required to volunteer on campus,share current events with their fellow scholars, participate in in-class activities centered onleadership practices, participate in faculty mentor meetings and complete a reflection paper aboutthat experience, and present to the class an artifact reflective of one’s background. Theseactivities were designed to cultivate an environment of support and connection among scholarswhile also engaging participants in an active learning experience. Such

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 1 Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Bruk T. Berhane, University of Maryland College Park; Medha Dalal, Arizona State University; Stacy S. Klein-Gardner, Vanderbilt University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Kenneth Reid, University of Indianapolis; Cheryl Beauchamp, Regent University; Mary Lord, Towson University; Darryll J. Pines, University of Maryland College Park

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

participating in the firstcohort to implement the E4USA curriculum. Table 1 details demographic information for thenine teachers from which three participants were selected considering the maximum level ofvariation they presented with regard to geographical location, student diversity, and schoolcontext. The participating educators teach in Arizona, Maryland and Tennessee withpredominantly Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian student bodies, respectively. Tobetter understand similarities and differences among teaching experiences of these teachers, arich data set was collected consisting of: 1) semi-structured interviews with teachers at multiplestages during the academic year, 2) reflective journal entries shared by the teachers, and 3)multiple

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 7 Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University; Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Susannah C. Davis, Oregon State University; Susan Sajadi, Arizona State University; Jasmine Desiderio, University of New Mexico

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

that werecompleted with the storyboard, including identifying privileged/oppressed identities, filling outthe power lines on the intersectionality wheel, and creating -isms on the intersectionality wheel.Activity 3. In the third and final activity, we continue to reflect on power and privilege anddevelop strategies to address and mitigate power relations on teams. This activity is acontinuation of activity 2. We begin by giving each attendee a team change wild card thatincludes a detailed description of a new member who joins their team. Attendees then place thisperson on the intersectionality wheel so that they can identify ways that this new member may bejoining from positions of power or oppression. We encourage attendees to identify ways

Conference Session

Faculty Development Lightning Talk Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amy B. Chan Hilton, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division

, service, and career advancement) and provideholistic faculty support in areas such as time management, work-life topics, and well-being [1].From the context of the CTL, the intentional alignment of programs, in which the relationshipsbetween goals and activities of different faculty development programs are considered, helps toidentify strategic approaches to advancing the CTL’s goals. At the same time, from the contextof faculty members, participating in exercises that encourage the consideration of an issue fromboth big picture and granular perspectives and the connections between the factors that impactthe issue can help foster reflection and make visible the role of faculty members in the issue.The objectives of this paper are to 1) present a

Conference Session

WIP: Enrollment, Instruction and Pedagogy - Focus on Design-Based Projects

Collection

2017 FYEE Conference

Authors

Shankar Ramakrishnan, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Deana Delp

Tagged Topics

Diversity, FYEE Conference - Works in Progress Submission

in recognizing the importance of working with people with Average Ranking 4 complementary skillsets, specifically, outcomes m – q from 3 Table I. 2 In general, the survey results indicate the need to 1 include elements in the project that encourage students to reflect on scalability of their discoveries as well as to gain a 0

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martina Margaret Moyne, University College Dublin; Maxwell Herman, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science; Conor Walsh P.E., Harvard University; Donal Padraic Holland, University College Dublin

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

automates the dataprocessing and report generation, allowing the system to scale to larger numbers of users withminimal added effort.The core of the DEFT system is a weekly questionnaire which asks students to describe theirclass-related activities during the preceding week, to rate and comment on the performance oftheir peers, and to answer some questions intended to elicit reflection on their own approach tothe design process. Figure 1 shows an excerpt from the “beta version” of the student weeklyquestionnaire. The resulting data is used to construct an overview of the design processfollowed by each student; this overview can then be used as research data; as a reflective toolfor students; and as a class evaluation tool by instructors

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elise Barrella P.E., James Madison University; Mary Katherine Watson, The Citadel; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

are necessary for assessing educationaloutcomes across engineering problem contexts. We are in the process of updating and refiningthe rubric’s content and structure to reflect current practices and ensure its applicability acrossdisciplines. A systematic literature review of sustainability and sustainable design in engineeringcurricula and practice confirmed most criteria in the rubric but also indicated several gaps. Somegaps were expected because the original rubric was directed towards civil and environmentalengineering projects, but most of the themes were confirmed in other disciplines. Examples ofpotential gap areas included ethics, affordability and equity, and innovation. While these areasare reflected in the SD Rubric 1.0, the

Conference Session

Changing the Engineering Classroom

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dong San Choi, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Michael C. Loui, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

are learning about how the brain works, we will assign weeklyreflection papers so that students express how the lecture, the classic experiment, and the smallgroup discussion have influenced the way they view learning through provided prompts. Theprompts will probe students on the following experiential processes: self-reevaluation, socialliberation, dramatic relief, and environmental reevaluations.In addition to weekly reflection papers, we will assign reading and watching assignments forhomework. For example, students will read book excerpts and watch videos of TED Talksrelated to how the brain works. These readings and videos will be accompanied by short writtenassignments called reaction papers. These reaction papers will have prompts

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks Session II - Study Abroad

Collection

2017 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Anna Friesel, Technical University-Copenhagen; Jean-Marc THIRIET, Gipsa-lab, Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Anthony Edward Ward, University of York, England; Olivier Bonnaud, University of Rennes 1; hamed yahoui, université de lyon

Tagged Topics

Main Forum (Podium Presentation)

the projects: EIE-Surveyor3, ELLEIC4 andSALEIE5.1. EIE-Surveyor3 was an ERASMUS thematic network project funded by the European Commission (project no: 225997-CP-1-2005-1-FR-ERASMUS-TNPP). EIE-Surveyor took place for a three-year period, from October 2005 to September 2008. The aims of the project were to reflect and make concrete propositions for the problem of mobility of students, readability of contents, and recognition of diplomas. The project was organized as four main tasks: • Reflection on generic competences and subject-specific competences in Electrical and Information Engineering (EIE) • Implementation of quality assessment methodologies on some educational resources available in EIE • Reflection and

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Classroom Practice

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Dringenberg, Kansas State University; Ruth E. H. Wertz, Valparaiso University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

reliableinstrument.Internal reliability of each was measured by Cronbach’s alpha for each of the four factorsand for the instrument overall. The reliability ranged from 0. 614 to 0.672 for the fourfactors and was 0.602 for the instrument overall. In general, this shows a marginal levelof internal reliability, which is something that will need to be addressed in furtheriterations of the instrument.DiscussionIn general, our analysis did result in four discrete factors that reflect the acceptance orresistance to two distinctive aspects of ill-structured problem solving: ambiguity andmultiple perspectives. With further development, an instrument of this nature could beused by classroom instructors to gauge where students are with respect to majorthresholds in how they

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William H Guilford, University of Virginia; Meg Keeley M.D.; Brian P. Helmke, University of Virginia; Timothy E. Allen, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

number of students. Wehere report on the inaugural year of our Clinical Scholars program, its impact on participants,and lessons learned on how to broaden its impact to non-participating students via our BMEcurriculum.Scholar selectionApplicants to the clinical immersion program must be either rising 3rd or rising 4th yearbiomedical engineering students. As a result, by the time they enter the clinical environment allparticipants will have completed one semester of quantitative human physiology, and a course incell and molecular biology for engineers. A holistic yet targeted admissions process helps toensure the diversity of the Clinical Scholar cohorts. Finalists are selected based on their responseto several reflective questions rather than on

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 17: Student Cognitive Development

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A. Lyon, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Martin R. Okos, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

their model using different mathematical andcomputational pathways. The Planning the Model step occurs largely prior to instruction in thecourse, giving the students full opportunity to explore different ways to solve the problem.Second is Building the Model, where students actually create one of their modeling solutionpathways individually. During the Building the Model step, students program the model anddocument their thinking process through a final report and in-code comments. In the third step,Evaluating the Model, students meet with their team and other teams to compare solutions inorder to identify key differences in how the problem could be solved, documenting theevaluation process. Finally in the Reflecting on the Model phase students

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 14: Thinking about the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isabel Hilliger, Pontificia Universidad Catholica de Chile; Sergio Celis, Universidad de Chile; Mar Pérez-Sanagustín, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III; Jorge Baier, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, soteaching staff are dealing with larger workload [6], [8]. Consequently, they spend less timereflecting about curriculum and teaching practices [9], [10], and they resist to fulfillingadditional assessment requirements at a program level [4]. Besides lacking opportunities to reflect, most faculty lack opportunities to collectand analyze meaningful learning data due to the complexity of assessing student learningoutcomes on a program level [11]. To deal with this challenging but essential task,teaching staff rely on both quantitative (e.g., quiz results, test scores, mid-term students’satisfaction and end-of term evaluations) and qualitative data (e.g., open-ended responsesto end of term comments from students and colleagues) to identify

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Camille Birch, University of Washington; Celina Gunnarsson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

scientific theories ofgender/sex, race, disability, and sexuality influence one another. Throughout the course,students are asked to reflect on who gets to be a scientist or engineer, who defines whichquestions researchers ask and which problems engineers solve, who benefits from thesesolutions, and what role social justice plays in science and engineering practice.Throughout the course, we explore these inter-related questions: 1) How do our cultural ideas about race, gender, disability and sexuality influence science/engineering knowledge and practice? 2) On the other hand, how does our science/engineering practice influence our cultural ideas about race, gender, disability and sexuality? 3) How can we use science and engineering

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 18: Student Learning and Problem Solving

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello P.E., Utah State University; Assad Iqbal, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

thatproblem. They may instantly consider application of a particular formula and then look for clueswithin the available information that matches the variables in the formula. To be effectiveproblem-solvers, however, students must learn to construct accurate and appropriateunderstandings and knowledge about the relationships between task characteristics (i.e., purpose,structure, and components of tasks) and associated processing demands. This personalknowledge about the problem-solving task at hand is known as metacognitive knowledge abouttask (MKT) [13]. Ideally, the MKT helps students enact more effective self-regulation,particularly task interpretation processes. Students’ engagement on a task as a whole, includingtheir active and reflective

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 2: The Study of Identity in Engineering Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caroline Bolton, Bucknell University; Kaela M. Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

others would also consider your recovery successful/unsuccessful? Why or why not? g. Has your event affected your future behavior? Based on their class section, participants were either given the “unsuccessful” recovery or“successful” recovery first, followed by the other option. This difference was implemented tomitigate the potential effects of the first failure type reflection on the answers for the other (i.e. anegative reflection could influence the next positive reflection). How an individual responds tofailure can give a good amount of information pertaining to the general trends of saidindividual’s motivation. For analysis of this qualitative data we used emergent thematic analysisto code and subsequently identify thematic

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Neil A. Knobloch, Purdue University; Levon T. Esters, Purdue University; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Abeera P. Rehmat, Purdue University; Quintana M. Clark, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Ulyssa Hester, Purdue University; Trinity A. Johnson; Dottie Vollmer, Purdue University; Elizabeth Morgan Alexander, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

STEM courses and postsecondary majorsin the STEM fields.BackgroundScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is critical for our future advancement.However, the diverse workforce required to drive STEM advancements forward is lacking. Thisshortage is due in-part to academic preparation disparities, which appear early in the elementaryschool years and continue into the 8th grade [1]; national test scores suggest that many U.S.students finish the middle grades underprepared in STEM subjects [1-5]. The National Assessmentof Educational Progress finds roughly 75% of U.S. 8th graders are not proficient in math at theend of 8th grade [2]. Reflecting on the disparity of URMs in the U.S. that enter the STEM fields,fostering success among

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Laguette, University of California-Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

successfully competed and have won several prestigious awards. 4) Student and Faculty Created Projects include creative and challenging projects such as the award winning Laryngoscope with internal suction, a solar-powered surf board, and athletic training equipment.Capstone Design Projects Course ObjectivesThe Senior design projects are developed with the support of local industry, interested faculty, Page 12.506.3student organizations, and interested students. The projects reflect the academic integrity andexcellence of the Mechanical Engineering department. A committed faculty and IndustrialAdvisory Board are instrumental in this

Conference Session

Optical and Wireless Communication Systems

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ernest Kim, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

tailored to complement the laboratory exercises that canoften include engineering design concepts.A typical electromagnetics course topical coverage at our institution is: 1. Review: Vectors and Vector Calculus (1 week) 2. Maxwell's Equations (1.5 weeks) 3. Uniform Plane Waves and Propagation (2 weeks) 4. Reflection and Transmission of Waves (1.5 weeks) 5. Transmission Lines and Waveguides (2.5 weeks) 6. Transmission Line Principles in Circuit Design (2 weeks) 7. Antennas and Radiation (2 weeks)The laboratory content of the electromagnetics course (for Fall 2006) was: 1. Transmission Line Characteristics (1 week) 2. “Microwave Training Kit” Experiments (4 weeks) 3. Introduction to Agilent Advanced Design

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Massoud Moussavi, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

(reflection, refraction, Snell’s law, lenses,mirrors, beam splitter), wave and particle optics(polarization, interferences, and diffraction), fiber optics(optical fiber types, signal distortion and attenuation), Page 12.1113.7 optical communication systems including light sources, detectors, receivers, amplifiers, and modulation. 3 lectures/problem-solving and 1 three-hour laboratory Prerequisite: ETE 335 II. Prerequisites and Co-requisites: ETE 335/335L; Students are expected to have a good theoretical, analytical, and practical knowledge of communication system including modulation, demodulation, transmission, receivers, transmission line, and signal

Conference Session

Innovations in the ChE Laboratory

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Felecia Nave, Prairie View A&M University; Michael Gyamerah, Prairie View A&M University; Irvin Osborne-Lee, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

shift of students who would normally pursue careers inchemical engineering degrees to bio-related departments (i.e. biomedical, biological,bioengineering, etc.) has had an significant impact.3 To address this issue, many chemicalengineering programs have changed their names and updated their curriculum to reflect theshared focus on biology and engineering.Worldwide, the fastest growing global biotechnology marketplace includes approximately 4300companies in 25 nations with revenues estimated at over $40 billion.4 The biotechnologyindustry clusters have identified workforce development as the second or third largest hurdle tocommercialization and economic success.5 Hence, the survival, maturation and success of thebiotechnology industry is

Conference Session

Embedded System Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mouna Nakkar, University of Sharjah

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

industry and is expected to grow more in the next few years.To reflect on this, several leading universities are incorporating alternative teaching methods ofEmbedded Systems1-5. This change is of an agreement to proposals made by chief industryengineers. For example, G. Martin6 mentioned that few universities are changing its curriculumto reflect on industry's needs. Further, he added that the industry have a shortage of SoCengineers that universities are not providing.B. Teaching Embedded Systems/SoC/FPGA designDespite the improvement of reconfigurable hardware, FPGA, and EDA tools associated withthem, FPGA/SoC design is still a difficult pedagogical task especially for undergraduate courses.The design requires a good understating of the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Assessment and Integrating Entrepreneurship into the Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Melissa Grunow, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and sustainable change are studied. In addition,each student began development of his/her own leadership philosophy through various projectsand personal reflection assignments. Team work is emphasized and all students’ leadershipskills are both self-assessed and assessed by each team member.Near the beginning of the course, the students were surveyed on their general perceptions ofleadership skills including problem solving, teamwork, self-confidence, group management,ethics, organization, social awareness, and confidence. After the course, the same survey wasadministered. A comparison of the pre and post-course surveys yields some shift in perceptions.The students were also surveyed pre and post-course on their

Conference Session

Learning as a Community

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Meyer, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Patrick Gee, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Laura Masterson, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

opportunities in engineering. Additionally, somestudents have a very specific idea of an engineer. Through the use of the tours we are able tointroduce them to a variety of different job opportunities in engineering.In 2007 and 2008 we took the students on selected tours of engineering research areas at IUPUI.In both groups students were to write a reflection paper about the tours. The papers includedevidence that students were excited about what they had visited. It was clear that for many ofthem, the research areas they saw were new and informative. In the first year the reflections weredone as an assignment in their learning community class. In the second year those takingEnglish did it as part of their English class. However it was graded by their

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Gilbert; Marilyn Barger, Hillsborough Community College; Renata Engel, Pennsylvania State University

. As a Page 1.238.2 {tix~; 1996 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings ‘.,+,DIYH; 1result, these productions may project large quantities of free energy and ultirnatel y inject some of that energyinto the audience. The third and last variable of the information transfer function, contc?nt comnwd, reflects the level ofexpertise and familiarity of the subject matter. An ultimate example for this variable is a we] l-documented non

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

E. Carr Everbach

research in acoustics. However, stone breakage is thought to be governed by eitherthe internal reflection of the compressional portion of the acoustic pulse (which becomes a tension wave)from the posterior of the stone, or the action of microscopic gas bubbles collapsing onto the stone surface inresponse to the rarefactional portion of the acoustic pulse.2 Both mechanisms may operate simultaneouslyor in combination, but each is dependent upon the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lithotripterpulse. Lithotripters of various designs produce acoustic shock waves using different techniques. Often aninitial shock wave is created by an underwater explosion driven by a high-voltage spark discharge.3 Thespark-gap electrodes are located