undergraduate research on the subject.Keywords: III-V Semiconductors, Concentrator Cells, High-Efficiency, MultijunctionSolar Cell, Gallium Arsenide Based Cells, Lattice-Mismatched, MetamorphicII. Solar Energy Basics a. Solar cell equationsThe basic structure of a solar cell is an illuminated (collection of photons, hv) P-Njunction as depicted in Fig. 1. When the junction is not illuminated, there exists ajunction built-in potential resulting from the formation of a space charge zone at thejunction level as shown in Fig. 2. When the junction is uniformly illuminated by photonswith hv > Eg (energy gap of the junction material), electron-hole pairs (EHP) will begenerated at a rate gop (in EHP/ cm3.s) and will participate in the diode
FlexibilityThe NASA Administrator’s Fellowship Program allows flexibility on the startingdate. This is a conducive to the individual faculty’s schedule to return to theinstitution on the anticipated date upon completion of the fellowship at a NASAcenter.Results and Outcomes1. Management and LeadershipManagement and leadership skills are developed via individual standing on theproject(s) and exercising necessary freedom of work ethics. Flexible schedule ofworking is a great advantage for the fellows. Often the fellows take advantage ofenjoying working during the weekends without hesitation. The gathering of thefellows administered by the UNCFSPC gives an opportunity to know each otherand may lead to future collaborations. This expansion of horizon
of the ACM, 47(7).4. Fleming, L., Engermann, E., & Griffin, A. (2005). Persistence in Engineering Education: Experiences of First Year Students at a Historically Black University. In Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference and Exposition, Portland, Oregon.5. Seymour, E. & Hewitt, N. M. (1997). Talking about Leaving: Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.6. Brainard, S., & Carlin, L. (1998). A Six-year Longitudinal Study of Undergraduate Women in Engineering and Science. Journal of Engineering Education, 87(4).7. Marra, R., Bogue, B., & Schuurman, M. (2005.) They Come and They Go -- An Instrument for Assessing Why
designs 2 K factorial design Two-level fractional factorial design Three level full and fractional factorial designs Statistical analysis of fixed effects modelModule-3: Taguchi MethodsQuality Loss Function Introduction Quality loss function for various quality characteristics Specification tolerance Tolerance designSignal to Noise Ratio Introduction S/N ratio for continuous variables S/N ratio for classified variablesIntroduction to robust engineering System design Parameter design Tolerance design Taguchi’s approach to design of experimentConclusionsWhile there is a growing need for quality engineering professionals in the current globalmanufacturing
returned a later Transactions article withthe same title and author (the miscellaneous paper appears to be an earlier manuscript for theTransactions article)10, and two returned no matching results whatsoever.11-12 The miscellaneouspapers without bibliographic records in Compendex came from the 1930’s, 1950’s and 1970’s,suggesting that the problem of incompleteness in ASME paper indexing is not limited to aparticular time period. The most important conclusion from this exercise is that not all ASME miscellaneoustechnical papers are indexed within Compendex. In fact, no current electronic database can claimcomplete coverage of these papers. The sampled miscellaneous papers that could not beidentified in Compendex did not appear in the print
120 14 12 100 V a lue of S e ns or R e ading 10 80 8 Range (in) 60 6 4 40 2
contribute to improving the creation of active learning environments in distributededucation. The data presented here represents a subset of a larger database that is still underanalysis. Also, future research is continuing to seek out models for objectively assessing thelearning impact of the Tablet PC implementation on students in DL courses.Bibliography1 J. D. Bransford, A. L. Brown, R. R. Cocking, M. S. Donovan, and J. W. Pellegrino, "How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School," Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000.2 SMART Technologies, http://www.smarttech.com3 R. Anderson, C. Hoyer, S. A. Wolfman, and R. Anderson, "A study of digial ink in lecture presentation," Proceedings SIGCHI, vol. 6
students spend in these activities. Precisely whythis relation exists remains to be explored. It may be that these faculty members encourageparticipation more than their non-industry counterparts, or it may be that programs with a largeproportion of such faculty tend to offer more opportunities for students to engage in suchactivities. While the reason(s) for this relationship deserves further attention, the implication Page 13.1223.9remains. Faculty members' industry experience can positively effect student participation indesign competitions and activities and should be a consideration in the recruitment of newfaculty. Contrary to our
DelineatorTM. The Style Delineatormeasures four qualities of concreteness, abstraction, sequence, and randomness in people’sperception toward, and ordering of, their world.9 As shown in Table 1, dominant learning stylesare identified with one of four style types: concrete-sequential (CS), abstract-sequential (AS),concrete-random (CR), and abstract-random (AR). Every individual has the ability to orienthimself or herself toward all four styles. However, people tend to have strong orientation towardone or two, or sometimes even three, dominant style(s). The Style Delineator reveals a score foreach style type, identifying the dominant learning style(s) among the 4 types. For example, aperson might score 39, 19, 26, and 16 for CS, AS, CR, and AR
. Calculate the electrical quantities involved in this system. When students enter the given values in the problem into the specified cells and choose the specific connections for the load and for the source as shown and then click “calculate”, the program will output all the required quantities as shown in figure 8. Page 13.943.12Figure 8_Output of a Three phase Y-Delta connectioni. Transmission Lines Example: A 60-Hz, three-phase transmission line is 125 miles long. It has a total series impedance of 35 + j 40 Ω and a shunt admittance of 930 × 10 −6 ∠90 o S . It delivers 44.4 MVA at 220 kV and 0.9 power factor lagging. Determine
preferences with which theyare comfortable but also routinely asks them to “go against the grain” and develop otheraspects of their personalities.In the early 1980’s, a consortium of eight engineering schools was formed that gatheredMBTI data for 3718 engineering students6. This database confirmed that engineeringstudents are dominated by thinking and judging types and are more introverted than othercollege students. There were substantial differences between the schools, but the overalltrends remained the same. Several effects of learning style were first raised by this study.Female engineering students were observed to be more extraverted and more feeling thanmale engineering students and some significant differences were noted for minoritystudents
, “This seminar was agood introduction to the basics of engineering and design”, the response was a mean of 4.7where 5 indicated “Strongly Agree” and 4 “Agree”. In response to “I would recommend thisseminar to other students interested in the subject” the mean was 4.75. The value of thelaboratory experience was rated high at 4.44.Comments from the students were also extremely positive. A sample includes: ‚ This seminar was put together very effectively to give an overview of reverse engineering and design. Many topics were briefly covered which allowed for an overall look at design and mechanical engineering. ‚ The hands-on taking apart of the stapler really helped to experience reverse engineering & mechanical advantage s very
by filling out Pre-Travel, Post-Travel, and Post-Post-Travel surveys and reflected daily project progress and events, as well ashealth and emotional wellbeing. [Note; To-date, only the Pre-Travel and Post-Travel surveyshave been administered.] The Pre- and Post-Travel surveys asked the students to rate certainabilities on a scale of 0 to 30. In additions, each student filled out a daily survey and reflected oneach day’s events. The students’ reflections represent “active response(s) to the challenges in(their) environment(s)” 24. The daily reflection allowed students to recognize and integrate theirlearning, while providing an outlet for them to release stress, discomfort and dissonance.Survey ResultsAs shown in Figure 1, comparisons of the
demonstrate to students that their education is the process of buildingan integrated knowledge base that will ultimately prepare them for applying that knowledge intheir career.Bibliography1. Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience,andschool. Washington, DC: National Academy Press (1999)..2. Schwartz, D. L., Brophy, S., Lin, X., & Bransford, J. D. Software for managing complex learning: Examplesfrom an educational psychology course. Educational Technology Research and Development,47(2): 39-59,1999.Every reference must be listed and numbered.3. Watai, L. L., Brodersen, A. J., & Brophy, S. Challenge-based Lab Instruction Improves Interaction in PhysicalElectronic Circuit Labs, 2005
) s = standard deviationEffect size is generally used in studies which employ a well-defined control group forcomparison with the experimental group. In such cases, the standard deviation of the controlgroup is used. Boud’s recommendation for studies which compare student to instructorassessment is to use the standard deviation of the instructors assessment.This statistic is useful in determining how well the students’ self-assessment reflects theperformance of the class as a whole. A value of zero indicates perfect agreement, while apositive value indicates that the students overestimate their proficiency. Boud suggests thatvalues of 0.2 are considered small, values of 0.8 are considered large.A correlation coefficient can be used to
. Journal of College Student Development, 43(5), 2002, pp. 7Ι2-7'393. Zheng, J. L., Saunders, K. P., Shelley II, M. C., & Whalen, D. F. (2002). Predictors of academic success for freshmen residence hall students. Journal of College Student Development, 43(2), 267-283.4. Takahira, S., Goodings, D., and Byrnes, B., “Retention and Performance of Male and Female Engineering Students: An Examination of Academic and Environmental Variables,” Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 88, 1998, pp. 297-304.5. Ohland, Matthew W., Sharon A.Frillaman, Guili Zhang, Catherine E. Brawner, and Thomas K. Miller. “The Effect of an Entrepreneurship Program on GPA and Retention.” Journal of Engineering Education, Oct. 2004, pp. 293-301.6. French, B
of Massachusetts designed to increasestudent interest and teacher preparation in STEM subjects. Those STEM Fellows whowished to receive 3 graduate credits (45 hours) were required to attend 2 additional daysin the summer and were required to design and field-test a written lesson plan and thenshare the experience using the lesson with the other STEM Fellows.Objectives of Content InstitutesTeacher-participants would be able to • explain the science, technology, engineering and/or mathematical topics listed in the Topical Syllabus included in the Appendix; • demonstrate the application of the topics to Alternative energy systems; • specify which standard(s) of the Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks for Science and Technology
skills of engineering students. Since itscreation in the 1950’s, Bloom’s Taxonomy has been widely studied and accepted as the standardevaluation tool. By using Bloom’s Taxonomy, people not associated with engineering educationcan identify with this multi-disciplinary project and its objectives. Bloom’s Taxonomy forms thebasis for the development of assessment rubrics used as evaluation tools. The assessment evaluation is independent of problem grading. The class grade is basedon the instructor’s objectives, while the cognitive assessment is based on rubrics independent ofthe numerical solution. It was never Bloom’s idea to have his taxonomy used to provide coursegrades. A participating student may demonstrate a high level of critical
Page 13.756.4Figur e 2. Setting for integr ated lectur e and labor ator y in the same r oom Page 13.756.5Figur e 3. NI ELVIS wor kstation vs tr aditional set of instr uments. Same cir cuit is used on each pr ototyping boar d and same gr aph appear s on both oscilloscopes Figur e 4. Bode plots obtained with the ELVIS softwar e for the RCL filter cir cuit being Page 13.756.6 tested Figur e 5. Students wor king on lab pr actice on individual ELVIS wor kstationsThis initial experience with a small group of five
duration, itis not anticipated that any Survey course will fill the entire matrix, but it would be expected thatno row will be entirely blank – if it is, then it will not likely qualify as a good Survey course.Meanwhile, a column could be blank if a technology topic area is not covered due to time limits,but a good Survey will likely cover most of these technology areas.Technological Literacy Focus Courses will go into great depth within one or more technologytopic areas (see Figure 2b) with a higher percentage of C and D values in that column(s) whencompared to a Tech Lit Survey Course.Technological Literacy Design Courses and Critique, Assess, Reflect, or Connect (CARC)Courses will cover these respective rows in the matrix for one or more of the
shows the title of 13 projects and the changes of CTQs. 6 teams (Team 2,4,5,6,7and 9) improve their CTQ greatly than what they have targeted. Table 3. Results of the group projects Page 13.1174.7 Figure 3. A result of the group project (Team 9)For example, team 9’s project—'Reassignment of the copy room'— is one out of the projectsthat reaches the goal. Students measured how long it takes to make a copy. The objective is toreduce that time. The solution is replacing the copy room. As the result of this project, they savethe process time up to about 45
AC 2008-1816: AN INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS COURSE: MAKINGCONCRETE STAND UP TO THE TASKDavid Cottrell, University of North Carolina at Charlotte DR. DAVID S. COTTRELL is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1978 and retired in 2000 after more than 22 years of service with the US Army Corps of Engineers. Studies at Texas A&M University resulted in an MS Degree in Civil Engineering in 1987 and a PhD in 1995. He is a registered Professional Engineer and has taught courses in statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, graphic communications, engineering economy, and
student math and science performance has beento use inquiry learning for promoting teachers’ deep understanding of foundational STEM(science, technology, engineering, and math) concepts and the processes and the connectionsbetween them. Research shows that STEM teachers in U. S. schools lack content knowledge andmastery of subject-related pedagogy that enables them to teach content most effectively1. Theyalso lack a sense of the connections among concepts that reveal mathematics as an internallylogical and coherent system of knowledge2. This forces teachers to use lectures to deliver Page 13.241.3content, which emphasizes procedure over engagement
Toughness Vs Strength Plot from Ashby et al (2007) Page 13.869.8 •REFERENCESAshby, M. F. (2005), Material Selection in Mechanical Design, 3rd Edition, Elsevier ButterworthHeinemann, Burlington, MAAshby, M. F., Shercliff, H., and Cebon, D. (2007) Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing andDesign, 1st Edition, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, Burlington, MAGranta Design (2007) CES EduPack , Cambridge, UK.Irwin, G. R. (1963), “Fracture of Pressure Vessels,” in Materials for Missiles and Spacecraft, McGrawHill, New York, pp. 204-229.Kitagawa , H. and Takahashi, S (1976),” Applicability of fracture mechanics to very small cracks or thecracks in the early stage,”. Proceedings of Second International Conference on Mechanical Behavior ofMaterials
project in effect between 2003 and 2006that primarily relied on anecdotal evidence of success. This project was extremely effective in creatingsixteen NCJETS (North Carolina Junior Engineering and Technology Society) high school clubs in sevencounties of the Central Piedmont region of North Carolina. Clubs were established with a math, science ortech ed teacher (or teachers) serving as club sponsor(s) and were encouraged to develop individualidentities that best served their populations. DiET also established the basis for annual competitions heldon the UNC-Charlotte campus, as well as offering high school summer camps through the UNC-Charlottesummer programs office.Phase II of this effort, Enhancing Diversity in Engineering Technology (NSF
present some of the empirical observationshere: 1. Inherent Social Constraints: The Jordanian women were affected with all the inherited social constraints that may deviate their thinking from getting involved in certain activities. Some of these activities do not welcome women. For instance, attitude tests in the 1970’s demonstrated that social implications and social responsibility issues have a significant effect on girls’ choices, but little on boys’1. This is in spite of the fact that studies indicated that men and women are attracted to the engineering profession for similar reasons, including ability in mathematics and science, career opportunities, challenge, and good salary prospects. 2. Cultural
“innovativeness”. Themeaning of these terms is rarely (one might even venture to say “if ever”) defined ahead of time,leading us to wonder: exactly what expectations are the students being asked to meet with regardto creativity, and what rubric(s) are their instructors using to assess them? Without a betterframework for defining creativity (in design and elsewhere), instructors cannot evaluate theirstudents accurately and objectively or guide them towards improved performance.Sorting Things Out: Problem Solving and the Distinction between Level and StyleTo help resolve this dilemma, we turn to Kirton’s Adaption-Innovation (A-I) theory12, a well-established branch of problem solving theory that offers rigorous definitions and cleardistinctions between
]. However, NSF has had only limited success in reaching deeply within all elements of theUS population and across the diversity of institutions of higher education.Although the overall percentage of STEM workers compared to the general employed populationincreased from 4.4% in 1983 to a high of 5.6% in 2001 [4] and the STEM labor force grew fasterthan the general workforce in the second half of the 20th century [5], approximately one quarterof Science and Engineering (S & E) degree recipients and 40% of those with Ph.D. degrees in S& E fields are approaching retirement age [5]. As the overall number of STEM jobs is expectedto increase over the next five years [5], it is imperative to recruit and retain enough students inthe STEM fields to
, p. 96.5. Bloom, B. S. 1984. Taxonomy of educational objectives. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, Pearson Education.6. Champion, R. 2002 Taking Measure: Choose the right data for the job. Journal of Staff Development, 23(3).7. Heron, J., 2000, “Co-operative inquiry: research with rather than on people,” in P. Reason and H. Bradbury (eds.), Handbook of Action Research, London: Sage.8. Honey, P., Mumford, A., 1982, “Manual of Learning Styles,” London: P. Honey.9. Jensen, E., 2000, Brain-Based Learning. San Diego: Brain Store Incorporated.10. Laurillard, D., 2001, “Rethinking University Teaching,” 2nd ed., London: Taylor & Francis.11. Meyers, K., S. Bert, 2007, “A Technique for Program-Wide Direct Assessment of
Annual Conference and Exposition, ASEE, Portland (2005).2. Wilhelm, L., Puckett, K., Beisser, S., Wishart, W., Merideth, E., and Sivakumaran, T., Lessons learned from the implementation of electronic portfolios at three universities, TechTrends 50, 62 (2006).3. Brumm, T. J., Ellertson, A., and Mickelson, S. K., Using ePortfolios to develop and assess ABET-aligned competencies, in ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, ASEE, Nashville Tennessee, (2003).4. Brodeur.D.R., Using Portfolios for Exit Assessment in Engineering Programs, in 32nd ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, ASEE/FIE, Boston (2002).5. Challis, D., Towards a mature eportfolio: Some implications for higher education, Canadian Journal of