Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eun-young Kang, California State University, Los Angeles; Matthew Jackson, California State University, Los Angeles

contexts [2][3]. Our project builds on this literature by providing acombination of an academic scholarship and culturally competent mentorship for students at aVery High-enrolled Hispanic Serving institution (VH-HSI).Designated as a Title III minority-serving institution, the College of Engineering, ComputerScience, and Technology (ECST) at California State University Los Angeles (Cal State LA) hasnearly 3,200 student enrolled in Fall 2021, a diverse student body of which 67% areunderrepresented minority (URM) students; 56% are first-generation college students; 60% ofthe students are Pell grant eligible; and 78.3% need to work for more than 20 hours per week tosupport themselves. In addition to financial disadvantage, many students – including

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 5: Strategies for Increasing Classroom Engagement

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Walz, Madison Area Technical College; Michael Arquin; Joel Shoemaker, Madison Area Technical College; Scott Liddicoat; Gabrielle Temple; Kathleen Alfano, College of the Canyons

Advanced Technological Education) since 2015.Gabrielle P Temple (NSF CREATE Co=PI Project Manager) Mrs. Temple is the Project Manager for the National Science Foundation Center for Renewable Energy Advanced Technological Education (CREATE) and the Co-PI on the National Science Foundation Energy Storage Project (ESP) at Madison Area Technical College in Wisconsin. She has spent the last nine years as the Project Manager for the National Science Foundation CREATE Center at College of the Canyons in California, and has more than fifteen years’ experience working on NSF grants. During her time as Project Manager for CREATE, Mrs. Temple coordinated three successful international projects funded through NSF to explore the

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Thorne, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Greg Strimel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); David Sears, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

assignments and projects, while the high school teacher facilitates the course contentwithin the school during the school day. A university faculty member serves as the instructor ofrecord, ensuring a direct transfer of credit while working with high school teachers weekly,ensuring a fidelity of implementation while reducing teacher requirements, such as a master’sdegree in the content area, to offer the course. This means that the facilitator model can supportbroader access to dual credit programs, especially ones that provide transcripted collegecredit. This model has shown promise in college-level math education [8]–[10], and recently in afirst-year design course [2]. Thorne [2] found that the facilitator model provided a structure inwhich

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Christopher Stronen, Savannah State University

Paper ID #37319Maskbot: Indoor Traffic ControlAsad Yousuf (Professor) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Maskbot: Indoor Traffic ControlAbstract The transmission of Covid-19 continues to be a serious concern of many institutions inindustrialized countries. However, circumstances dictate that on-site work must continue ineducation and industry. How authorities address the pandemic is a subject of controversy, andenforcement of Covid-19 protocols locally by everyday workers and educators can beuncomfortable, if not dangerous. The Maskbot project aims to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Wittich; Shannon Bartelt-Hunt, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

in engineering (female and underrepresented minorities), and at least40% first-generation college students; 2) Provide participants with first-hand exposure to theengineering and infrastructure challenges facing the rural United States through research andprofessional development opportunities in both academia and the civil engineering profession;and 3) Through undergraduate research experiences and sustained mentoring, promote andsustain the interest of undergraduate students in persisting in a STEM field and pursuinggraduate education.The 10-week summer program places 10 undergraduate students per year in faculty researchgroups for an independent research project. The primary focus of individual research projects ison sustainable rural

Conference Session

Computers in Education 1 - Programming I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Fagan, University of Tennessee at Knoxville; Amy Biegalski, University of Tennessee at Knoxville

University (BS) and Case School of Engineering (MS, PhD). Among other courses, she teaches Computer Solutions of Engineering Problems in the Engineering Fundamentals Program at the University of Tennessee. She is interested in active and project based learning, and technology based introductory engineering classes. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Work-in-Progress: Bridging the Gap Between MATLAB and Python via ROS to Build Skills in an Introductory Programming CourseAbstractRobots are prevalent in introductory engineering courses to facilitate kinesthetic learning. Thispaper

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Laetitia Khlat, Northeastern University

for this within the hand generator to minimize the weight of the gloves andincrease their durability by removing breakable components. The finished modifications are shownin Figure 1.The other main aspect of our project was the glove itself. We needed to attach the heating elements,battery pack, and all necessary wiring on the glove. The main difficulty in this process wasensuring that our design would still be comfortable to wear and also the user to have a full rangeof motion and dexterity. Figure 1: Modified hand crank generatorIt would undermine our entire project if the glove heated up but was stiff as a cast. Our initialdesign was to implement carbon fiber tape technology which could be woven into the fabric

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Gomes; Bilge Celik; Yewande Abraham, Rochester Institute of Technology (CET)

biases in the recruitmentprocess.Keywords: Employability, Résumé Criteria, Students, Employers, AHPIntroductionConstruction managers are responsible for managing a wide range of aspects of projects,including the budget, schedule, quality, safety, and sustainability, while ensuring that allcontractual obligations are satisfied. Most graduating Construction Management (CM) studentsaim to secure industry positions that typically require years of industry experience. CM highereducation programs primarily focus on providing education and training in a number of coreskills needed for the CM industry. Although the construction industry has a reputation for beinghesitant to change, with the adoption of new technologies, requisite technical and

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Breejha Quezada, Purdue Engineering Education; Emily Haluschak, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Aileen Ryan, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Katherine Schieltz; Congying Wang, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Amanda Johnston, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Alejandro Strachan, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Tamara Moore, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

) has proposed spending upto $130,000,000 to support up to five newly funded Engineering Research Centers (ERC) for thefirst five years. ERCs have gained traction to increase interest and exposure to these fields ofhigh need and put programs in place to work with universities to get undergraduate studentsmore involved. College professors have reported that interest in chip manufacturing courses hasdecreased over the years due to students not wanting to pursue higher degrees in a field wherethere isn’t a promise of a high salary [2].To combat the shortage of skilled workers in microelectronics, a project was developed with thegoal of increasing the number of students qualified and interested in taking on microelectronicspositions upon graduation

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emil Salib, James Madison University

byexcluding cattle and establishing riparian buffers along streams and rivers. This requires establish-ment of mechanical watering systems for the cattle. In this senior capstone project, we developeda monitoring alert system that notifies the farmer in the event of a watering system failure. Werecognized from the outset of the project the importance and high value of having to actively andprofessionally interact with our client. We have also realized the significant opportunity and riskwe were presented with when the client offered us his farm as a platform to exercise our ideas andtest our system prototypes.To meet our client’s requirements, two senior students, under the guidance of their senior cap-stone project advisor, designed a system that

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Andrew Bard, Northeastern University; Andrew Sozio, Northeastern University; Samuel Haggans, Northeastern University; Nicholas Tarallo, Northeastern University; Timothy Bennett, Northeastern University

demonstrates a possibleapplication of small scale hydroelectric generators.This design provides many applications in the realm of engineering education, as it provides anintroductory-level design project and solution with a design process that can be taught and appliedin a wide level of introductory engineering education. This project exposed us to the fundamentalsof problem solving, research, design, and construction and serves as a basis for further engineeringresearch and development.Introduction/BackgroundSince their introduction and spread during the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels such as coal andoil have accounted for the majority of society’s power generation. Although concerns about thesustainability of oil, gas, and coal reserves have

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kay Cutler, South Dakota State University; Craig Silvernagel, South Dakota State University; Todd Letcher, South Dakota State University

goals and understandings. A healthy space-in-between lays the foundation for effectiveexperiences that inclusively value multiple perspectives while fostering group and individualagency. This paper shares insights from undergraduate student experiences in a multi-disciplinary design project and the influences an optimal space-in-between has on innovativedesign education.Our focused analysis highlights initial findings from an eight-week, intensely iterative, cross-disciplinary design experience (completed in Spring 2021) of a three-year project. The project’saim is to create and commercialize Lunar Life: Designation Mars, an interactive “Moon toMars” traveling exhibit designed for children’s museums and smaller science centers. Duringthis

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marisa Orr, Clemson University; Baker Martin, Clemson University; Haleh Brotherton, Clemson University; Jessica Manning, Clemson University; Katherine Ehlert, Clemson University

summarize our progress and accomplishments in these three areas:(1) the identification of curriculum-specific indicators of overpersistence (which refers to whena student persists in a major yet does not progress toward attaining a degree for that major)conducted through Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analysis; (2)development and validation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Decision-Making Competency(MIDC); and (3) the design process of the Academic Dashboard for students with functionalitiessuch as tracking their study habits, predicting exam grades and developing their meta-cognitionattributes.Project OverviewThe main purpose of this project is to help students learn to make adaptive decisions to besuccessful in their

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 13: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rui Li, New York University; Vikram Kapila, New York University Tandon School of Engineering; Victoria Bill, New York University Tandon School of Engineering; Jack Bringardner, New York University Tandon School of Engineering; Ingrid Paredes, New York University Tandon School of Engineering

Introduction to Engineering and Design. He is also the Director of the Vertically Integrated Projects Program at NYU. His Vertically Integrated Projects course is on the future of engineering education. His primary focus is developing curriculum, mentoring students, and engineering education research, particularly for project-based curriculum, first-year engineering, and student success. He is active in the American Society for Engineering Education and is the NYU ASEE Campus Representative. He serves on the First-Year Programs Division Executive Board as well as the Webmaster for the ASEE First-Year Programs Division and the First-Year Engineering Experience Conference.Victoria Bill (MakerSpace Director) Victoria Bill is the

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 7 Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Schimpf, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

team’s conception of the nature of a design problem for a givenproject will have a marked effect on what criteria and constraints are identified, what ideas areexplored, what models or prototypes are tested, and ultimately what artifact emerges from theirprocess. For engineering design instructors, deeply capturing students' conceptions of theirdesign problem could prove to be a useful reflection tool for design projects, particularlycapstone design. While student generated problem statements and enumeration of criteria andconstraints begin to reveal students' design problem conceptions, these formats may not allowthe full details of students' understanding of the problem to emerge. In this work we propose toadapt an approach used in policy

Conference Session

ERM: Design!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin Hess, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Elizabeth Sanders, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Nicholas Fila, Iowa State University of Science and Technology

,understanding other’s perspectives, and matching other’s emotions. Hess et al. [3] offerednaming conventions for each of Batson’s empathy concepts, including: (1) empathic accuracy ortheory of mind; (2) motor mimicry; (3) emotional contagion; (4) projection: imagine-self withinanother’s position; (5) perspective-taking – imagine other; (6) perspective-taking; imagine-self-as-if-self was the other; (7) empathic distress; and (8) empathic concern or sympathy.While complex, Batson’s [5] list is not comprehensive. For example, Cuff et al. [6] identified 43distinct definitions of empathy. They suggested that definitions of empathy vary by eight themes,including whether empathy is cognitive or affective, a congruent or incongruent feeling, a trait ora state

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 5: Remote, Hands-On Laboratories

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Ragland, University of Georgia; Beshoy Morkos, University of Georgia; Andrew Jackson, University of Georgia; Nathaniel Hunsu, University of Georgia; Fred Beyette; Dominik May

developing computational representation and reasoning support for managing complex system design through the use of Model Based approaches. The goal of Dr. Morkos’ manufacturing research is to fundamentally reframe our understanding and utilization of product and process representations and computational reasoning capabilities to support the development of models which help engineers and project planners intelligently make informed decisions. On the engineering education front, Dr. Morkos’ research explores means to improve persistence and diversity in engineering education by leveraging students’ design experiences. Dr. Morkos’ research is supported by federal [National Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Naval Research (ONR

Conference Session

Computers in Education 8 - Video Technology

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jianyu Dong, California State University, Los Angeles; Jim Kuo; Pearl Chen, California State University, Los Angeles; John Bachman, California State University, Los Angeles

Powered by www.slayte.com The Design of Interactive Video Modules using Asset- based Participatory Design Thinking to Increase Student Engagement in EngineeringAbstractThis paper presents the methodology and findings of a collaborative research project that aims atexploring effective strategies to make instructional videos more relevant and engaging toengineering students. During the research process, two pilot interactive videos were developedusing participatory design thinking (PDT), where students with diverse cultural backgroundsserved as co-designers to closely work with the faculty in each of the design stages, namelyempathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. The pilot video was

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Andino, Arizona State University; Fethiye Ozis, Carnegie Mellon University; Adnan Abdullahi, Arizona State University; Emily Henderson, Northern Arizona University

equipment orenvironmental conditions. Nevertheless, there exists a need to expose students to opportunities tocarry out routine data collection and analysis, to think about the plan for sampling, and to evaluatethe findings. The collaborative project that is described in this paper focuses on simulation of thesampling of an air pollutant, particulate matter. Faculty at Northern Arizona University (NAU)and Arizona State University (ASU) collaborated to enhance the teaching of Air QualityEngineering (AQE) in their institutions. Basic information regarding ambient particles, includingtheir sources, size distributions, and methods of collection were first introduced. Jointly preparedassessments including an individual knowledge assessment, a

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - the Best of NEE

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Haolin Zhu, Arizona State University; Alicia Baumann

designing the curriculum and teaching in the freshman engineering program and the mechanical engineering program. She is also the Co-Director of the Grand Challenges Scholars Program (GCSP) at ASU. In this role, she focuses on student support and tracking, curriculum, program requirements, as well as programming for current students in GCSP. Dr. Zhu was also involved in the ASU ProMod project, the Engineering Projects in Community Service program, the Engineering Futures program, the Global Freshman Academy/Earned Admission Program, and the ASU Kern Project. She was a part of the team that designed a largely team and activity based online Introduction to Engineering course. She has also co-developed two unique MOOCs

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 11 Empathy and Human-Centered Design 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pamela Dickrell, University of Florida; Jeremy Waisome, University of Florida; Lilianny Virguez, University of Florida; Andrea Goncher, University of Florida; Idalis Villanueva, University of Florida

) Biography Lilianny Virguez is an Instructional Assistant Professor at the Engineering Education Department at University of Florida. She holds a Masters' degree in Management Systems Engineering and a Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Virginia Tech. She has work experience in telecommunications engineering and teaches undergraduate engineering courses such as engineering design and elements of electrical engineering. Her research interests include the intersection of core non-cognitive skills and engineering students’ success.Andrea Goncher (Lecturer)Idalis Villanueva (Dr.) For the past 10 years, Dr. Idalis Villanueva has worked on several engineering education projects where she derives from her experiences in engineering

Conference Session

PCEE Session 13: Equity in P-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mariam Manuel, University of Houston

lessons or projects that address their course standardsthrough engineering design practices and are grounded in culturally responsive pedagogy. Aspart of their commitment to the study, teachers were asked to participate in interviews, reflectivejournaling, and surveys. Delimitations of the Study. Due to the bounded nature associated with case studies [52]certain parameters were drawn by the author during the planning and conduction of this study.Specifically, participants were selected from a pool of teachers enrolled in a STEM teacherfellowship program, LEAD Houston. The program commitment entails ongoing professionaldevelopment for four additional years following a 14-month master’s degree in STEM education.Therefore, as guided by the

Conference Session

ERM: ERM Medley Session!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Khairiyah Mohd-Yusof, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Nur Shahira Samsuri; Maizam Alias; Akbariah Ary Mohd Mahdzir, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

questions 4 Involvement (IN) The individual thoroughly engaged in considering information, energized and work vigorously for project completion 5 Transcendence The individual immerses him/herself in the task so that the mind/body/task becomes (TR) one. Participating the task wholly, totally, without self-recrimination. An individual with high conation is a "successful striver" [20],[21] that has strong willand traits such as determined, decisive, persistent, patient, organized, initiative, and energizedto do task [21]. Striving is the act of a self-directed goal related to behavior that is expressedthrough action. To assess conation, Atman created a Goal

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yang Dan, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Andre Schleife; Dallas Trinkle, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Pinshane Huang, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Cecilia Leal

having at least two computational modules. These computational modules are closelyrelated to the content covered in class, with a focus on one of the computational applicationslisted as follows • OVITO 20 , for visualization of atomic structures; • Materials Project 21 , for searching materials information in materials databases commonly used in academia and industry; • OOF2 22 , for finite element methods (FEM); • MATLAB 23 and Python 24,25 , for scientific computing, such as data fitting, solving differential equations numerically; • LAMMPS 26 , for molecular dynamics (MD); • Thermo-Calc 27 (CALPHAD), for phase diagram calculations; • Quantum Espresso 28 , for density functional theory (DFT) calculations.For

Conference Session

ETD - A Technology Potpourri I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn Barger; Ron Eaglin, Daytona State College; Sam Ajlani

3046 Metrology & Instrumentation ETS4502C engineering economics. These options reflect Programmable Logic Applications ETS 3543C the flexibility embedded in the A.S. Project Management/senior design ETI4448 Engineering Technology degree available in 23 Project Manage/senior design II ETG4950C state colleges in Florida. This 60-credit hour Statics EGN 3311 course of study includes a first-year 18-credit *4 credit hour hour Core followed by a 30-credit hour specialization. Specialization choices includeAdvanced Manufacturing; Advanced Technology; Alternative Energy

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Constanza Miranda, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel; Elizabeth Logsdon, The Johns Hopkins University; Amadea Smith, The Johns Hopkins University

communicate effectively (ABET, 2022).2.2 Self-regulated design learning (SRDL) and the design studioIn his book “Self-Regulated Design Learning,” Matthew Powers writes that Self-Regulated Design Learning(SRDL) is a “theory and methodology that synthesizes two important concepts: (1) design learning; and (2) self-regulated learning (SRL), into a two-part structure that includes a theoretical foundation to help explain howstudents learn (and don’t learn) in design studios” (Powers 2017, p. xxi). Design studios and Project-based Learning(PBL) strategies put the student at the center of their learning experience, which is focused on learning by doing(Schön, 1987). Powers defines self-regulated learning as “the belief that meaningful learning comes from

Conference Session

WIED: Analysis, Challenges, Success, and Impacts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth DaMaren, University of Toronto; Alison Olechowski, University of Toronto

Paper ID #37824Evaluating Computer-Aided Design Software as a Barrier toWomen’s Engagement in Engineering: A Focused LiteratureReviewElizabeth DaMaren Elizabeth DaMaren is a Master's of Applied Science student at the University of Toronto in Industrial Engineering with the Ready Lab. Her research focuses on team dynamics and gender considerations in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software education. She previously worked as Project Coordinator for the Engineering Collaboration for Online and Remote Education (E-CORE/CIEL Project), a national Canadian initiative to support instructors in shifting to remote

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Huff, Harding University; Amy Brooks, Oregon State University

Members’ Experience of Professional Shame: Summary of Insights from Year 1AbstractThis paper summarizes the current status of our NSF CAREER investigation of engineeringfaculty members’ experiences of professional shame. In the first year of this project, we usedinterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to examine the emotional experience amongindividual faculty members in engineering programs. Our objectives are anchored in ouroverarching goal to understand the connections between the emotion regulation of engineeringfaculty and the academic cultures that embed them. This paper focuses on the work that has beencompleted in the first year of this project examining the individual experiences of engineeringfaculty with

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 7: Library Collaboration

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Wiley, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

developmentdecisions and assesses the strength of the library’s collection and its relationship to scholarlycommunication. This project is a part of the LIS Education and Data Science integrated networkgroup It is sponsored in partnership with Drexel University and Montana State University.IntroductionRecently academic libraries have been interested in visualizing collection usage statistics toindicate return on investment. Visualization provides a detailed view connecting the electronicresources the library provides to researchers, students, and faculty. Academic libraries supportlearning, teaching and research needs of students and faculty with a wide array of services (i.e.,physical space, collection, instruction, reference, web service) and numerous

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Innovative Changes to the Typical Civil Engineering Coursework.

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Besser, University of St. Thomas; Anna Roiger, University of St. Thomas; Nick Pawlak; Emma Sullivan, University of St. Thomas

across the semester.Competence, as shown in Graph 2, is the one metric that slightly increases across the semester.The Introduction to Engineering Design course shows a slightly higher rate of attainment forrelatedness and autonomy in comparison to the other courses. Competence for the Introductioncourse also maps relatively well to SDI motivation; specifically, a slight drop in competenceoccurs in relation to the drop in SDI as the semester project is undertaken and then competenceincreases slightly through the semester with the highest competence rating occurring at the endof the semester.Course comparisons of relatedness, Graph 3, and autonomy, Graph 4, remained relatively steadyacross the semester with relatedness remaining slightly higher