Conference Session

CAD Assessments, Trends and Applications

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jahangir Ansari, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

23.319.6 Fig. 8 – Project evaluation resultConclusion:The reverse engineering project gave students an opportunity to develop their creativity, criticalthinking, and hands-on skills in an area of their interest. In the project time frame, several shortstructured events were arranged, in which the students discussed the tasks that they hadaccomplished thus far, the challenges that they faced, and also their plans for completing theirprojects. This project helped the students to establish an understanding of how math and graphicaltools in solid modeling process can be utilized to take maximum advantages in mechanical andmanufacturing analyses of the models. The students also learned to understand the concepts

Conference Session

Activities and Assessment for “Awkward ABET Outcomes”

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel; Kevin C Bower P.E., The Citadel; Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Douglas H. Fehrmann, The Krause Center for Leadership and Ethics, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Paper ID #6943Developing and Assessing Student’s Principled Leadership Skills to Achievethe Vision for Civil Engineers in 2025Dr. William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel Dr. William J. Davis is a professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering at The Citadel in Charleston, SC. He received his Ph.D. in civil engineering from Georgia Tech and is a registered professional engineer. His research interests focus on transportation infrastructure planning and design, highway safety, and active living by design. Courses he teaches include transportation engineering, highway design, concrete and asphalt design, and professional

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.); Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, or measurement system dynamics.Course objectives: Understand concepts of experimental planning and design, data collectionand analysis. Use modern data acquisition tools to collect experimental data. Analyze data andpresent the results in clear and concise reports. Compare against theoretical results. Assessuncertainty and error sources in measurement systems. Write technical reports.Term project: We expect the project effort and the final report to consist of a description of theidea/concept/design, with reference to the relevant literature, followed by analysis and Page 23.432.10conclusions. Analysis should use material covered in class and

Conference Session

Improving course effectiveness

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan L. Murray, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Julie Phelps, Missouri S&T, Educational Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

though they did not prepare them. A different software package (Study Stack) was initiallyused to prepare the cards, but Quizlet proved easier for exporting and importing flashcards. Thispackage was more difficult to use and did not have the flexibility to export the electronic cards inas many formats.The cards created by an entire class, varied in quality and format. Some students put an excessiveamount of wording on the cards. The instructor reviewed and edited the cards before releasingthem to the class members. This approach took less time and created more student interest, butthe flashcards were less consistent. Even with these shortcomings, the electronic flashcards werewell received by the students. The instructor plans to make some

Conference Session

Product Development and Manufacturing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay R Porter, Texas A&M University; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

exposure to both a standardized design approach anda reoccurring opportunity to work in team environments from ideation throughcommercialization, ESET students prepare themselves for a two-semester experiential learningsequence referred to as Capstone Design. Here, three to four-person teams are formed through aself-selection process. Most students will capitalize on the multiple opportunities they have hadto work in a team environment through their other courses in the ESET curriculum. Once theteam is formed, they will operate as a startup venture for a period of two semesters. As theybegin the first semester which is focused on project management planning and initial design,they must identify a private or public sector customer/sponsor who has a

Conference Session

Practical Teaching

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lam F. Wong, Cuyahoga Community College, Metropolitan; Henry Griffith, Wright State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

two year engineering technology program is discussed.General Characteristics of Sustainable Product Development Processes in IndustrySustainable product development expands upon traditional product development by introducingadditional considerations into the product development process. These additional factors includethe environmental impact of source materials, as well as the end of life plan for the product. Inaddition, the environmental impact of the product during its usable life must also be taken intoconsideration in a SPD process. Based upon these additional considerations, product Life CycleAnalysis (LCA) and management have become an integral part of existing SPD strategiesthroughout industry9, 10.Environmentally conscious tools for

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. Radharamanan, Mercer University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Personal Effectiveness Teamwork Presenting Conflict Management Management Interpersonal Skills Negotiation Analytical Problem Solving Persuasion Creativity/Innovation Empathy Written Communication Continuous Learning Customer Service Futuristic Thinking Flexibility Decision Making Goal Orientation Self-Management (time and priorities Planning/OrganizingIn addition to the 23 professional competencies outlined above, TTI has

Conference Session

The D/M/A of CE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Libby Osgood P.Eng., University of Prince Edward Island and Dalhousie University; Clifton R Johnston, Dalhousie University; Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward Island

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

the greater SL community, from the business, education, psychology, law, computerscience, occupational therapy, and sociology faculties.11-16 Projects included (a) event planning,(b) researching, (c) developing programs, (d) mentoring youth to build self-esteem, (e) traininganimals, (f) tutoring, and (g) providing occupational therapy.The following criteria were identified as critical in determining whether a COR developed apositive or negative view of the SL experience11-16: • whether objectives were clearly aligned and defined; • level of communication and preparation between the COR and faculty member; • amount of student motivation and conduct; and • whether the COR’s problem was resolved.Two of the studies that focused on the

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Barbara Silver Thorn, Marquette University; Karla Bustamante, Itesm chihuahua

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Page 23.1400.31 U.S. Department of Education, International and Foreign Language Education Service,http://www2.ed.gov/programs/fipsenortham/index.html2 http://www.nareti.com/host institution(s), forwarding applications for which they recommend travel awards. The hostinstitution determines final acceptance. Accepted students then work with international officestaff and NARETI faculty at the host institution regarding travel logistics, curriculum options,and specific research/internship opportunities.Program assessment: An evaluation plan and specific assessment tools were identified so as toassess the program objectives (Table 2). These assessment tools include: (1) a healthcareawareness survey, (2) two case study reports, (3) a global

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay McCormack, University of Idaho; Ashley Ater Kranov, ABET; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Patrick D. Pedrow P.E., Washington State University; Edwin R. Schmeckpeper, Norwich University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

prompt in the form of a series of questions that direct the participants toidentify problems, consider stakeholder perspectives, and outline a plan to learn more about theproblems. An example scenario and discussion prompt is found in Appendix A.Student performance with respect to the set of ABET professional skills is determined by scoringthe discussion using the analytical Engineering Professional Skills (EPS) rubric. The EPS rubricis segmented into five dimensions defined by the ABET Engineering Criterion 3, StudentOutcomes (3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, and 3j). The five dimensions of the rubric are then further divided intothe specific areas for scoring shown in Table 1. The complete rubric is located in Appendix B.Currently, the research team is scoring

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Ann Holden, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Kristina M Fields, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

cancalculate their speed. They compare this value to what they estimated earlier.Evaluation of the ProgramLiz – here we should add a short discussion of what we did forassessment (and is in appendix)-assessment plan-assessment questions for curriculum leaders – I did take out the results of this, but did leave inthe questions-assessment questions for participants-final assessment reportIn post-weekend surveys given to the attendees, most indicate that the program has given them adeeper understanding of STEM fields. 100% of them agree that people in engineering or physicswork with others to solve problems, and that someone who studies engineering would have manypossible careers. In the physics analysis of the ropes course, students’ work showed that

Conference Session

New Approaches and Applications to Enhance Technological Literacy - Part II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thalia Anagnos, San Jose State University; Becky Carroll, Inverness Research, Inc.; Shannon Weiss, David Heil & Associates, Inc.; David R. Heil, David Heil & Associates, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

American Museum of Natural History; exhibit development projects at the Golden Gate Bridge, the North Carolina Museum of Life and Science and the Exploratorium; as well as the TexNET and Playful Invention and Exploration networks. On the formal side, projects include the Rapid City Math Science Partnership, the Maine Physical Sciences Partnership, the Appalachian Math Science Partnership, the Wyoming Middle School Mathematics Initiative, the Gilbert Systemic Science Plan (LSC), and the Appalachian Rural Systemic Initiative.Ms. Shannon Weiss, David Heil & Associates, Inc. Shannon Weiss specializes in the design and implementation of evaluation and market research projects related to DHA’s core areas of emphasis in

Conference Session

RET Initiatives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hasina Huq, University of Texas, Pan American; Mounir Ben Ghalia, The University of Texas-Pan American

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

them to work on this problem. The design problems are open-ended,where the goals are ill-structured, and there is no effective design plan specifying the sequence ofactions to take in producing a design model. The results possess multiple solution methods, non-engineering success standards, non-engineering constraints, and collaborative activity systems, wherethe importance of experience and the use of multiple forms of representation are required (Jonassen,Strobel & Lee, 2006). Page 23.1039.2Methodology used to introduce the teachers to the research problem: The followingmethodology is used to introduce the teachers to the research

Conference Session

Teaching Materials Science Using Innovative Methods

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Surendra K. Gupta, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)

Tagged Divisions

Materials

each page to start and stop recording the solution steps of aproblem. I found that with a bit of pre-planning, I could record the audio-video solution of aproblem without any major pauses or mistakes. When a student emailed me seeking help insolving a problem, I found it very easy to prepare a Pencast PDF file using the SmartPen andemail it back in response. In the past, I had to labor in my textual email response finding suitablereplacements for mathematical symbols and operations, and textual descriptions of concepts thatwould be much easier with sketching one or diagrams on a paper in a one-on-one meeting. Now,with a Pencast, I could do all this and more because it was both an audio and video recording. Astudent could not only replay the

Conference Session

CEED - Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A Raelin, Northeastern University; Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Jerry Carl Hamann, University of Wyoming; David L. Whitman, University of Wyoming; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University; Leslie K. Pendleton, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

others have subsequently offered a number of suggestions for institutional practicesdesigned to retain students. Among them are: more targeted recruitment, reduction ofexperience of racial discrimination and prejudice on campus, improved chance for earlyacademic success, better and more frequent advising, more active experiential instruction, moreinformed career planning, improved social acclimation and student-institution match, and anadequate level of need-based financial aid.3 4 5 6 7Since the well-known mammoth Astin study in 1993,8 which found that engineering studentsgraduated at only a 47% rate in 1993, and in spite of many efforts to counteract this low rate ofpersistence, graduation rates among undergraduate engineers have not increased

Conference Session

New Approaches and Applications to Enhance Technological Literacy - Part I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mani Mina, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

 reflection.  Given  this  genuinely  “felt  difficulty,”  the  inquirer  will  want  “some  way  out—the  formation  of  some  tentative  plan  or  project,  the  entertaining  of  some  theory  which  will  account  for  the  peculiarities  in  question,  the  consideration  of  some  solution  for  the  problem”  (12).    Where  do  these  “suggestions”  come  from?    Dewey  says  from  “past  experience  and  prior  knowledge,”  in  other  words,  “analogous”  situations  and  experiences  present  in  the  imagination.    In  terms  of  pedagogy  this  suggests  that  education  should  strategically  aim  (A)  to  tap  into  as  broad  a  pool  of  ideas  students  have  with  them  and  (B)  to  create  conditions  to  broaden  and  expand

Conference Session

Special Initiatives and Programs at Two-Year Colleges

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

, #1060226, and #0856834), we have been able to givescholarships to transfer students to help with their financial support. 4 During the 2012-2013academic year, scholarships were also sponsored through a grant from the ASU Women &Philanthropy group (http://www.asufoundation.org/womenandphilanthropy).Through the AcademicSuccess and Professional Development class, the students receive academic support through theGuaranteed 4.0 Plan.5 The METS Center provides mentoring and tutoring help, as well asinformal counseling.6 We stress academic success in our meetings such as: join two studentorganizations, one in your academic field and in one such as SHPE, SWE, NSBE, or ASISES;visit and get to know the professor of each of your classes; get into a study

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole D. Berge, University of South Carolina; Charles E. Pierce, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

partnership are on going. Mentor-menteerelationships have been established (with the authors of this paper serving as mentors) and acommunity of practice has been initiated via the development of an online group using Edmodo.This group provides the science teachers with access to engineering faculty and has become avaluable platform for discussion on the development and implementation of EFFECTs.Step 5: Implementation and EvaluationTeachers have shared their experiences with implementing EFFECTs through an online surveyand a focus group discussion held in January 2013. One of the outcomes of the focus group wasthe need for a follow-up workshop, which is being planned for teachers to interact withengineering faculty and revise/refine their

Conference Session

Computational/CS Initiatives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric A Freudenthal, University of Texas, El Paso; Kien H. Lim, University of Texas at El Paso; Sharie Kranz, Coronado HS-EPISD; Catherine Tabor, El Paso ISD and University of Texas at El Paso; Jeremy L Ramirez, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

provides an overview of IM. In thethird section, we describe the professional development program and early results from teacherobservations. We conclude with a summary of planned extension activities.1. From Media Computation to iMPaCT-Math Page 23.1332.2iMPaCT-Math (IM) is an approximate acronym for Media-Propelled Computational Thinkingfor Mathematics Classrooms, which fairly reflects our ambition and our stance – engagementwith graphical programming challenges that focus student attention towards exploringmathematics principles will propel students towards exploration of science, computationalthinking and engineered design.IM consists of

Conference Session

Tablets, Mobile and Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Chingnam Goh, University of Southern Queensland; Linda Ann Galligan, University of Southern Queensland; Harry Ku, University of Southern Queensland

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

, particularlyfor 1st Year and “large class size” courses. One aim was to enhance student learning andretention in both on-campus and external modes, while the other one was to improveproductivity and response time for assessment marking.A variety of diversified courses from different engineering disciplines were trialled andexperimented in the project, i.e., ENG2102 Problem Solving 2, MEC1201 EngineeringMaterials, MEC2202 Manufacturing Processes, MEC3203 Materials Technology, andELE3107 Signal Processing. More specifically, the following issues in relation to the TabletPC were investigated in the project: Initial investigation and trialling the capability of the Tablet PC; Plan and develop action plan for implementation to utilise the Tablet PC

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyrus Habibi P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Eric Diep, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Scoping the projectshowed that it would be unreasonable for the team of three students to develop entire system inone semester, so a three phase, multi-semester development process was planned for the project.Phases I, II, and III correspond with the video capture, mocap, and analog data collectioncomponents of the project, respectively.The Phase I of the project was to develop a video recording and analysis component that iscapable of recording from multiple video input devices simultaneously and also playback all therecorded video frame by frame in a synchronized manner. The objective for the Phase II is tocreate a markerless mocap system integrated with Phase I. The Phase II is meant to addresscurrent problems associated with using marker

Conference Session

Programs in Support of Systems Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed D. Foroudastan, Middle Tennessee State University; brigette elizabeth prater thompson, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

internship.Along with its sister subsets the Engineering Management concentration is designed toreinforce the ideal of the symbiotic relationship between science and industry.Engineering Management, as an integration of two colleges and several departmentsteaches students the interpersonal, leadership, management, and engineering skills neededfor success in manufacturing, industry, and business. The program requires students totake courses focusing on project management, safety planning, research methods, andtechnology trends. Additionally through the coursework offered by the EngineeringManagement degree the students gain credit towards their Project Management Institute(PMI) and also have the ability to gain full certification in both Lean and Six-Sigma

Conference Session

Engineering Identity 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John C. Chen, California Polytechnic State University; Susan M Lord, University of San Diego; Karen J McGaughey, Cal Poly State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

was formed from the following sets of questions: Page 23.521.4 Goal setting: Questions 1, 6, 7, 9, 14 Applying appropriate knowledge and skills: Questions 5, 10, 12 Engaging in self-direction and self-reflection: Questions 8, 13 Locating information: Question 11 Adapting learning strategies to different conditions: Questions 2, 3, 4Circle your answers to these questions using these guidelines for 1 to 5. 1-Strongly agree 2-Agree 3-Neutral 4-Disagree 5-Strongly Disagree1. I prefer to have others plan my learning 1 2

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Multidisciplinary Instruction

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Skokan, Colorado School of Mines; Ravel F. Ammerman, Colorado School of Mines; William Hoff, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

handwriting, helpful explanations, and the many illustrative examples that he doesin class. The other two instructors for the remaining sections were a Teaching Professor and anadjunct. These sections contained about 60 students each as well.The three main tasks in this project completed were: 1. The initial planning stage was done over the summer, 2011 by the PIs. At this time we refined the plan for delivering the hybrid course, and developed the methods for taking and posting the videos. We used Blackboard for hosting the videos, as this allowed us to restrict access to the videos to the students enrolled in the “hybrid” section only. 2. The effort during the fall semester was to tape the lectures and post them online. We

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Bairaktarova, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mary K. Pilotte, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

for Engineering Education, 2013 Examining Reflections of Current Engineering Students on Educational OutreachThis study was conducted to explore the experiences of engineering students that helped themlearn about engineering. The hope is that understanding which experiences made the most impactmay improve the planning of student outreach activities. 974 students in the first-year of theirengineering program were asked to describe the experiences and interactions that had the mostinfluence on them when contemplating an engineering career. Results indicate that knowledgeabout what engineering is and outreach experience, and therefore the reasons that students gointo engineering, vary greatly. Future directions

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vincent Capece, University of Kentucky; John R. Baker, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engi- neering from the University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY. After obtaining his B.S., he spent three years working in the Plastics Division of Eastman Chemical Products, Inc. He entered his current position in July 2000. Page 23.566.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Experience with Mentoring and Directing Graduate Student Research at a Distance in a Mechanical Engineering ProgramAbstractThe advising of graduate student research projects from a distance requires both planning andflexibility from both the

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason St. John, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Thomas J. Hacker, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Raymond A Hansen, Purdue University; Natasha N. Nikolaidis, Purdue University; Robert M Trinkle, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

Stavanger—is afaculty-initiated partnership during an international conference. Initial exchange began with avisiting scholar from Norway, followed by significant funding from the Norwegian government tosupport the partnership.The formal collaboration began with a two day intensive “kick-off workshop” at the University ofStavanger, where all faculty participants met face-to-face to discuss the short and long-termgoals of the partnership. This highly successful meeting enabled the faculty partners to buildworking relationships, create an action plan, and establish goals and timelines. Over the courseof the workshop, several challenges were identified, including mismatches in academic calendars,differences in the structure of graduate advising and

Conference Session

Delivery Methods in Mechanical Engineering Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Echempati, Kettering University; Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, senior students only, who were able to draw on previous knowledgeand experience to support them while learning the new material. The focus of the class on Page 23.569.6applications was also appropriate for the hybrid format, allowing the instructor to devotethe face-to-faceclass time to experimental work rather than lecture. For future offeringsthe instructor plans to provide students with additional materials posted to Blackboard,and administer the quizzes and final exam through Blackboard rather than utilizing timeduring the face-to-facesessions. The only challenge for wider adoption of the blendedformat in the Mechanical Engineering program at Baker

Conference Session

Challenges in Engineering, Models in Professional Programs, Capstone Design and Function Generator for Educational Environment

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Russel C. Jones, World Expertise LLC; Bethany S. Jones, CQAIE

Tagged Divisions

International

their plan to become engage in international accreditation. In 2011 the Center’sboard of directors agreed that IRTE’s operations should be folded into NCATE as of July2012, with each active IRTE member given a plan for leveraging its current status with IRTEinto eventual candidacy for accreditation with NCATE, TEAC or CAEP.4. Issues in foreign evaluationsWhile the authors of this paper are strong supporters of the international agendas of USaccreditors of professional programs, these activities also raise operational challenges andsuggest ethical dilemmas.Agency capacityAccreditation bodies in the US are non-profit and non-governmental, and as such rely heavilyupon volunteers as evaluators and reviewers. It often takes years for a given

Conference Session

...by Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pat Ko, University of Texas, Austin; Stephanie Baker Peacock, The University of Texas - Austin; Taylor Martin, Utah State University; Jennifer Rudolph; Noel Hector Ramos, Department of Defense Dependent Schools

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

engineering; Design, above all else, is what makes engineering different from science. (Innovation)7. Design begins with the figuring out what is needed and ends with a product or system in the hands of a user. (N/A)8. Design is mainly putting ideas together rather than breaking down big ideas into small pieces, which is central to engineering science. (N/A)9. … design is a form of communication that tries to plan and shape human experience. Designers take ideas and information from the arts and sciences to conceive, plan, and build things that are useful to people. (Innovation)10. Design is as much a matter of finding problems as it is of solving them. (Innovation)11. In design it is often