Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 5B: Work-In-Progress: 5 Minute Postcard Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hyun J. Kwon, Andrews University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Educ. 2007;11:89-99.[8] Morries l, Ma M, Wu PC. Agile Innovation: The Revolutionary Approach to Accelerate Success, InspireEngagement, and Ignite Creativity: Wiley; 2014.Appendix A. Rubric on grading traditional term report and web page. Performance Unacceptable Marginal Good Very Good Indicator 1 2 3 4 Organization There is no Some information Most information is Information is of Information clear plan for is logically organized in a organized in a clear, the organization sequenced. clear, logical way

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Todd D. Morton, Western Washington University; Ying Lin, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

effectiveness of the selected MCU-based platform compared to the traditionaldedicated DSP hardware, we propose to use the following assessment measures:  First, students’ feedback in the form of survey questionnaires will be collected. We plan to conduct two sets of surveys: One from students who completed the DSP class in spring 2015. In this course, the dedicated DSP hardware was used. As a comparison, we will also obtain surveys from students who will complete the DSP class in spring 2016. In this course, the MCU-based DSP hardware will be used. Such feedback will help us to assess how the students feel about the effectiveness of the proposed MCU-based platform compared to the DSP-based

Conference Session

Classroom Practice II: Technology - and Game-Based Learning

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Christine Perkins, Texas A&M University; Gary T. Fry Ph.D., P.E., Texas A&M University; Carol L. Stuessy, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

) plans by setting goals for playing and timing; (2)strategizes by deciding which strategy to use for a task or when to change a strategy; (3)regulates time use, effort, pace, or performance; and (4) regulates motivation, emotion orenvironment (i.e., volition control). The resulting sub-categories for the earthquake engineeringcontent knowledge category were: (1) interconnectivity, (2) importance of water, (3) redundancy,(4) resilience, (5) human element, (6) safety, and (7) real-life applications.When a player showed evidence on the video record for an item on the GBL checklist, we usedMicrosoft Word to code the corresponding segment of the video transcription according tochecklist categories. A Design phase focus group member and the game

Conference Session

The Intersection of Higher Ed and Industry

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikitha Sambamurthy, Purdue University - West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University - West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

anenvelope that contains cut up pieces of 4 playing cards such that no single envelope contains theparts to make one whole card. The objective of the game is for teams to barter with each other inorder to become the first team to piece together the 4 cards. First, each team is given 3 minutes tosort its pieces, determine which pieces it needs to make complete cards, and develop abargaining plan. Teams are then allowed to start bartering for pieces. People can barter on theirown or as a team. When the time is up, whichever team has the most number of completed cardswins.Step 1: Identify observable attributes to evaluate. To determine the specific criterion to evaluatein each game, interviews may be conducted with hiring experts who have experience

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gholam Ali Shaykhian, Florida Institute of Technology; Jinan Ziade; Mohd A. Khairi, Najran University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

practices tocarry out or avoid when attempting to form business relationships in MENA. A United Statesfederal government agency, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), has beeninstrumental in promoting and assisting United States multinational corporations operatingoverseas. A survey conducted in 2014 shows that 52% of multinational corporations (MNCs)surveyed aspire to increase business operations globally and only 15% planned to developleaders with cultural competence [30]. This discrepancy may lead to a loss in pool of globalleadership and a critical gap in cross-cultural skills [30]. For an organization to enhanceorganizational performance and remain globally competitive using cross-cultural understandingas an effective tool

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Evaluation: Impact of Curriculum for PreK-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer B. Listman, New York University; Vikram Kapila, New York University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

college and girls areless likely to believe that they are expected to prioritize STEM classes. Roots of these gender-specific under-expectations on the part of students’ families and potential solutions have been 28explored in STEM education research, elsewhere. While results were not corrected for multipletesting, they are useful for identifying further research questions. We plan to gather additionaldata in subsequent years, including teacher questionnaire responses, to further investigate theeffects of our challenge-based engineering programs and specific factors within our programs onstudent STEM attitudes. AcknowledgementsThis work is funded in part by the New York City Department of

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter M. Osterberg, University of Portland; Aziz Sukru Inan, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

question). These excellent evaluations along withvery positive student comments reveal that the students’ understanding, interest, and enthusiasmfor nanoelectronics and electronic conduction phenomena was greatly enhanced, making this“Bottom-Up” approach very effective in improving EE undergraduate students’ fundamentalknowledge of electronic conduction phenomena. Based on these initial assessment results, it isconcluded that incorporating Purdue University’s new “Bottom-Up” approach in our EEundergraduate curriculum is successful, and we plan to continue using it. The authors willcontinue to assess the effectiveness of this new approach in our senior-level EE analogelectronics elective course each future fall semester, going forward.Conclusion

Conference Session

Ethics Instruction in Context: Civil and Construction Engineering and Engineering Technology

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hossein Ataei P.E., Syracuse University; Ossama M. Salem, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

PROJECTCIE 475 – Civil & Environmental Engineering Senior Design Project, or capstone project, is afour-credit senior-level capstone core course. Senior students of both civil engineering andenvironmental engineering majors must take this course in order to graduate. This is a Project-Based-Learning (PBL) course where students work on planning, designing, cost estimating,scheduling and preparing a comprehensive report and final presentation for a real-world industryproject. This course is normally taken after the CIE 401. It encompasses almost all of the ABETlearning outcomes (a-k or 1-6) and, hence, engineering professionalism and ethics is covered inthe course in order to better prepare the graduating civil and environmental engineering class

Conference Session

Addressing Diversity Issues in Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lea K Marlor, University of California, Berkeley; Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

process than participants. While non-participants rated themselves higherin this area, data on admission rates would suggest otherwise. Transfer Questions 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 To what degree do you feel prepared to apply for I understand the Admissions process (e.g., how to enrollment in a four-year institution? apply, when to apply) for the four-year institution(s) I plan to apply to. Pre Post Nonparticipants Table 2: Transfer Admissions ReportingAs a result

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno; Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Geoff Potvin, Florida International University; Jacqueline Doyle, Florida International University; Hank Boone, University of Nevada, Reno; Dina Verdin, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

, engineering17–22 . These dimensions richly capture theformation of a student’s role identity and can be used to study the creation of an engineeringidentity. Additionally, the study of identity formation has proven useful in understandingpersistence in other domains23. This framework for measuring identity has been establishedthrough large scale studies in physics and mathematics18,22.Traditional roles for students create patterns for access to engineering professions and identity.While non-normative students bring many skills to engineering disciplines such as managing,planning, organizing, coordinating communications, and being cognizant of differentperspectives in group decision-making, these features are not always recognized as

Conference Session

Student and Other Views on Engineering Leadership

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jed S. Lyons, University of South Carolina

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

Conference Session

Institutional Capacity and Supportive Structures in Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily E Liptow, California Polytechnic State University; Katherine C. Chen, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Robin Parent, California Polytechnic State University; Jaclyn Duerr, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Dylan Henson, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

their sense of belonging, eleven out of the seventeenstudents reported feeling connected with their peers and community by the end of the quarter,compared to only 6 at the start of the quarter. This increase in students’ sense of belonging issupported by the final reflections in which nearly all the students spoke positively of the classenvironment that supported community and friendship development.This study provides endorsement for continuing to offer ENGR 101 at our university and forincorporating similar activities into other introductory engineering courses. Below, we providerecommendations for those interested in implementing similar interventions at their universityand our vision for future iterations of the course and how we plan to

Conference Session

Technology-Related Educational Research

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Swaroop Joshi, Ohio State University; Neelam Soundarajan, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

the interpreter project that was part of the course. After the completionof this activity, in each course, students were asked to complete a survey about their experiences inusing the tool. In Section 4, we present an analysis of the survey results which suggest a very posi-tive effect of the approach on students’ learning, and highlights the importance of various featuresof our approach. We conclude in Section 5 with a brief summary and plans for future work.2 BackgroundOur approach builds on two key notions that have been used successfully in various branches oflearning sciences over the past few decades: Cognitive Conflict Driven Learning and Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning.2.1 Cognitive Conflict Driven LearningPiaget’s

Conference Session

Aerospace Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Scott Fleming, Georgia Institute of Technology; Amy Pritchett, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

For example, a Request for Proposal given by the 2014-2015 AIAA Foundation Undergraduate TeamAircraft Design Competition specified that the designed aircraft was to be a Next Generation StrategicAirlift Military Transport capable of carrying a maximum of 300,000 pounds of payload. The RFP alsospecified that the aircraft was to be able to carry a payload weighing 120,000 pounds a range of 6,300nautical miles without refueling. Guidelines such as the ones from the 2014-2015 AIAA RFP give theengineering designers a set of metrics to bound their aircraft design.This information is used to plan a typical mission for the aircraft. Information about the missiontypically incorporates the same information as identified in the requirements. However

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Student Reflection, Self-Perception, Misconceptions, and Uncertainty

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aaron W. Johnson, Tufts University; Kristen B. Wendell, Tufts University; Jessica Watkins, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

start their first NovelEngineering project. Therefore, we have developed a professional development model to supportteachers in creating and leading activities that give students the opportunity to engage in thedisciplinary practices of engineering. There are three components to our model. First, teachersparticipate in several design challenges, including a Novel Engineering activity, to gain personalexperience with engineering. They spend time reflecting on their experiences after each designchallenge. Second, teachers watch and discuss videos of students’ activities in prior NovelEngineering projects to see what engineering can look like in classrooms and to help them noticedisciplinary aspects of students’ thinking. Lastly, teachers plan

Conference Session

Influencing the Next (Third!) Edition of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth J. Fridley, University of Alabama; W. Edward Back, University of Alabama; Derek G. Williamson, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

settlement; seepage/flow nets; slope stability (e.g., fills, embankments, cuts, dams); soil stabilization (e.g., chemical additives, geosynthetics); drainage systems; erosion control Geometric design of streets and highways; geometric design of intersections; pavement system design (e.g., thickness, subgrade,Transportation 8 – 12 drainage, rehabilitation); traffic safety; traffic capacity; traffic flowEngineering theory; traffic control devices; transportation planning (e.g., travel forecast modeling

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary P. Halada, Stony Brook University; Nada Marie Anid, New York Institute of Technology; Marta A Panero, New York Institute of Technology; Nicole Simon, Nassau Community College; Yeong Ryu, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Barbara Hillery, SUNY Old Westbury

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

activities.Admission to the minor: requires a minimum grade point average of 3.0 in the three introductorycourses. Courses must be planned with in consultation with the Minor program advisor ordirector. Any course substitution must be approved in advance by the director of the Minor. 7 Curriculum: 1. Introductory courses (required – each 3 cr.) CME 201: Sustainable Energy GEO 105: Energy Resources for the 21st Century ESG 201: Learning from Engineering Disaster (online beginning in 2016) 2. Technical electives (choose 3 – vary 3 to 4 cr. each): Science/Technology focused: ESE 350: Electrical Power Systems ESE

Conference Session

Classroom Practice II: Technology - and Game-Based Learning

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn W. Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University; Xiaorui Zhu, Pennsylvania State University; Jack V. Matson, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Akshay Nitin Kakde, Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

) wasdeveloped as a teaching and learning tool that demystifies the role of failure by encouragingcalculated and well-informed risk-taking and initiative, coupled with mindful examination ofeach failure to support learning and increased chances of future success9, 10, 14. The IFF concepthas inspired many derivatives, including Fast Failure, Fast Forward Failure, and IntelligentFailure14. In each case, the fundamental elements are similar – i.e., thoughtfully planned actionsof modest scale that have uncertain outcomes, are carried out at an accelerated pace, and whichtake place in environments that permit effective data collection for later analysis.The application of Intelligent Fast Failure (IFF) has a rich history in face-to-face engineeringclassrooms

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Professional Development for Students and Teachers

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Moorhead, New York University; Colin Hennessy Elliott, New York University; Jennifer B. Listman, New York University; Catherine E. Milne, New York University; Vikram Kapila, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

software, additional training needs to be incorporated into the initial LEGO EV3portion of the PD. To further improve teachers’ skills with integrating robots into lesson plans,week three would give the teachers an opportunity to create their own robotic units.Week 3In the third week, the teachers developed unit topics, activities, and assessment materials usingwhat they had learned so far. Two approaches were used to develop the encompassing lessons.The first approach involved the teachers identifying a topic that students had found difficult tolearn and creating an associated lesson incorporating the activity-bot. This content-drivenapproach required the teachers to identify the relevant abilities of the robot to convey theidentified subject

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darren C. Olson, Central Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

students gain a higher-level understanding of the designand development process, while also increasing the level of student interest and making theproject more challenging.Innovation and the Mechanisms by Which It OccursFor the purposes of this course, the working definition of innovation was that it is the use ofideas, tools, materials, and processes to achieve desired outcomes. Radical innovations weretreated as ones that achieve outcomes in fundamentally new ways, or that achieve unprecedentedoutcomes. This is opposed to incremental changes, which were treated as evolutionaryimprovements to existing solutions.The instructor impressed upon students the notion that innovations can be planned for and thenachieved by following a methodical series

Conference Session

Research on Diversification, Inclusion, and Empathy II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Shari E. Miller, University of Georgia; Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia; Michael Alvin Brewer jr., University of Georgia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

stakeholders and other professionals. In developing a portfolio of initiatives toaddress the overarching project goals, the City Council has identified an opportunity to utilize avacant city block in a low-income area with an ethnically and racially diverse population todevelop and construct an urban natural enclave, including walking trails and community foodgarden spaces. As the project engineer you plan to approach this initiative by forming a projectadvisory team comprising a variety of community stakeholders and a range of interdisciplinaryprofessionals. After your initial round of interviews, you have invited some of the stakeholders toa group meeting. Your goals in facilitating this first meeting are: 1) through the group discussionyou want to

Conference Session

Writing and Communication II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Liggett, Louisiana State University; Boz Bowles, Louisiana State University; Annemarie Galeucia, Louisiana State University; Warren R Hull Sr. P.E., Louisiana State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

course content inmore depth because of the communication assignments. While C-I course faculty indicated thatchanging their course objectives and lesson plans to include more work on communication skillshad initially increased time spent on course preparation, they also indicated that because of thedual benefits of improved communication skills and improved understanding of engineeringconcepts, the extra work was worth the effort.At this time, the culture of the College of Engineering was beginning to value and embrace theseprogrammatic changes. The program grew because of successful efforts at faculty buy-in, aswell as positive assessments of the program by students. The program was built from faculty'sgrass-roots perceptions of student needs

Conference Session

Assessment II: Learning Gains and Conceptual Understanding

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Bethke Wendell, Tufts University; Jessica Watkins, Tufts University; Aaron W. Johnson, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, tape, paper, and felt.I was not the primary teacher for this project; I had come in to help for the day and videotape thestudents’ work for our research on elementary students’ engineering design. I was familiar withmany of the students, as they had participated in Novel Engineering units the prior year. Inparticular, I remembered Caroline and Amelia, who had been paired together previously. In theirearlier project in 4th grade, the girls had engaged in extensive brainstorming and made detaileddrawings of their design, but spent too much time planning. When they finally started building,their classmates had taken many of the materials they wanted and they ran out of time to finishtheir prototype. When they presented their unfinished project to

Conference Session

Computer Modeling/CAD in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aneet Dharmavaram Narendranath, Michigan Technological University; Prathamesh Prashant Deshpande, Michigan Technological University; Madhu Kolati, Michigan Technological University; Datta Sandesh Manjunath, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

recognize and follow this process, 8 usedthe incorrect governing equations while only 1 did not have any governing equation.Per Richard Felder 18 , “creating a course to achieve specified outcomes requires effort in threedomains: planning, instruction and assessement/evaluation”. It is apparent to the author that theinstructional process may need to include emphasis on time required to acquire publications. Hadstudents been warned sufficiently of lead times to acquire publications to validation of theirFigure 5: Juxtaposition of traditional FEM method as adapted from Hyperworks’ student manualwith analytical solutions from Mathematica (denoted by rounded rectangles with the double bor-der). The analytical solutions provide critical information to

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dominik May, TU Dortmund University; A. Erman Tekkaya, TU Dortmund University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

. And the third group con-centrated on quality of life and future plans for the region. In addition to that, all of the groupswere asked to compare their results with their home countries in terms of any major differ-ences or even similarities. The results were presented and discussed in class during one of theearly live sessions. Hereby the students simultaneously gained knowledge about their futuredestination and challenged their personal understanding about their own cultural background.Furthermore, they were introduced into the home countries of their future classmates. Anoth-er activity in this course part was dominated by several discussions about the essence of theengineering profession, necessary competences for successful careers in

Conference Session

Circuits & Systems Education II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; Paul Benedict Caballo Reyes, Florida Atlantic University; George Roskovich, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

MIT.3Mr. DeWitt requests more effort should be madeteaching concepts to young students. Mr. DeWitt’s realization came when he noticed his studentsmissed key concepts although they were attending well planned lectures and completing assignedbook reading. To remedy this, he engaged students with a different style of teaching that madethe subject less intimidating and more fun. American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson mentions a similar problem during a speechgiven to the American Association of Physics Teachers.4He also highlighted the significance ofeducators relating to their students during lecture. For example, teachers can engage the studentsby making references about pop culture and relating it to the lecture. Much like what

Conference Session

Case and Scenario in Engineering Ethics Instruction

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn A. Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

refer to the ship as the “Babel at sea”; 29 crew membersstruggled to understand each other and the captain. As Squires notes, lack of a common languagemay have contributed to the confusion regarding evacuation procedures.29Pollution IssuesA more serious ethical consideration is the substantial environmental pollution wrought by cruiseships. Although several US states (Alaska, Maine, Washington, and California) have restricteddischarges within their coastlines and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) forbidsdumping of plastics in oceans, there is currently no comprehensive international plan for dealingwith what is becoming an increasingly vexing problem. “Beyond three nautical miles, there arevery, very few rules,” notes a Seattle

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Learning and Engagement

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

phenomenographic work is typically established through rigorous development andexecution of data collection and analysis methods11,24,25,29–31. In data collection, quality isensuring that the interview attains as comprehensive and accurate account of the participant’sunderstanding and experience of the phenomenon as possible, without introducing any elementof the interviewer’s own views related to the phenomenon. This is accomplished throughbracketing the interviewer’s perspective11,24,31, empathic engagement with the participant25,32,and detailed planning related to interview structure and questions11,24,31. In data analysis, qualityis ensuring that findings derive solely from and accurately represent the data, and that results areapplicable and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Pan, Georgia State University; Michael Weeks, Georgia State University; Yanqing Zhang, Georgia State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

on the four courses, we received positive feedbackfrom students. Almost all the students have their own mobile devices and feel comfortable working with them.The newly developed mobile security system on Android and Java made the students easily learn how mobilesecurity systems work via several hands-on exercises. In the Operating Systems class, many students also didresearch projects related to mobile security, and gave class presentations to share their research results in theclass. Most students agree that the labware on mobile security can help them learn faster and better. In the future,we plan to design more security hands-on labware to teach security and introduce them into more courses in ourcurriculum.Keywords: cloud server; Android

Conference Session

Student Preparation for, and Outcomes from, Community Engagement Efforts

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson P.E., James Madison University; Christopher Swan, Tufts University; David W. Watkins, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

, acceptance, and adaptation13. The IDI is available as an online50-question tool, but requires a qualified administrator for use (the lead author has been trainedon its use). Each assessment costs $11 per participant ($10 during some of the years of datacollection reported below). While the IDI produces several scales, the developmental orientation(DO) results will primarily be used throughout this work as an indicator of the actualintercultural proficiency of the participants. The DO score is suggestive of that individual’sprimary orientation toward cultural differences and commonalities as assessed by the IDI, andprovides a position to examine and plan personal development. The perceived orientation (PO) isa second score produced by the IDI and