Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Laguette, University of California-Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, hands-on experience, and integrates analytical and designskills acquired in the companion ME courses. The course objectives are (1) designproblem solving, creative thinking, project planning and teamwork through a challengingdesign and build project; (2) to provide experience in fundamental engineering reportingand communication including project plans, design reviews, and project reports. ACapstone Design program has now been developed and has become an integral andimportant component of the mechanical engineering curriculum. This program nowallows the students to address more significant and practical design projects.The ME Capstone Design Program added an Industry Partner Program for the 2005/06student projects. This program was successfully

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy and Curriculum 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University; Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

engineering curriculum.The solid modeling courses provide a unique opportunity to work with many of the corecomponents of the engineering design process much earlier in the curriculum. For instance, thedevelopment of a solid model of a complex part requires identifying criteria (such as necessarydimensions), brainstorming, generating ideas, developing a plan to produce the solid model in anefficient manner, and actually constructing the solid model. Additionally, there can be someiterations in the plan as the designer attempts to develop a creation path and runs into an obstacleand has to revise the plan.Unlike full-scale engineering design, Mathematics and Physics are not obstacles in the designprocess involved with the creation of 3D solid models

Conference Session

Design Methodology and Evaluation 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donal Padraic Holland, Trinity College Dublin; Conor Walsh P.E., Harvard University; Gareth J. Bennett, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

College in Dublin, Ireland, in 2003 and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2006 and 2010. He has been the recipient of over a dozen invention, entrepreneurship, and student mentoring awards including the MIT $100K business plan competition, Whitaker Health Sciences Fund Fellowship, and the MIT Graduate Student Mentor of the Year.Prof. Gareth J. Bennett, Trinity College Dublin Dr. Gareth J. Bennett, B.A., B.A.I., M.Sc., Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechan- ical and Manufacturing Engineering in Trinity College Dublin and has recently returned from Stanford University where he was a Visiting Scholar in the School of Engineering and the

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin P. Arnett P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Craig E. Quadrato, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

especially due to a fixation on a fewof the more attention grabbing aspects of the process. The most definitive and accuratedefinition found for BIM, as defined by the National Building Modeling Standard Committee ofthe National Institute of Building Sciences, is: “ . . . an improved planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance process using a standardized machine-readable information model for each facility, new or old, which contains all appropriate information created or gathered about that facility in a format usable by all throughout its lifecycle.” (2)Although there are some general terms in the above definition, it does a good job ofspecifying some of the key concepts of BIM. In its essence, a building

Conference Session

Capstone Design Pedagogy I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward Island

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

forest. In this metaphor, an engineer“tree” can have an infinite variety of branches and leaves, while still retaining a core trunkof design and project management expertise which distinguishes them as an engineer.While the paradigm may sound fanciful, the author uses an example course plan from theCanadian experience to illustrate how this different paradigm can be more receptive tostudent interests, and to industry needs yet still support the foundations of the profession.The proposed paradigm shows that, in accordance with the role of engineers in industry,the ability of design, project management and teamwork are central, while the specifictechnical specialities are supporting “branches”.IntroductionIt is an ongoing enterprise to continue to

Conference Session

Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shan Peng, University of Oklahoma; Zhenjun Ming, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Janet Katherine Allen, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

statements from the students about thelectures they attended and the assignments they completed. The value of these learning statementsis anchored in that instructors and teaching assistants can analyze the learning statements andunderstand what students have individually and collectively learned and whether the outcome isin keeping with what the instructors planned. One option to do this is to have instructors andteaching assistants manually read the learning statements and assess student learning. The keydisadvantage of this option is that manually dealing with a huge amount of text-based data (12,000learning statements per semester) is labor-intensive and time-consuming. We did this for the firsttwo years and found that maintaining consistency in

Conference Session

DEED Postcard Session 2 and Presentation of Student Essay Competition Winners

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory Mettler, South Dakota State University; Robert Fourney, South Dakota State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the Initiating, Planning,Monitoring, Executing, and Closing Process Groups, with the primary focus on the PlanningProcesses and very minimal focus on the Closing Processes. The second half of the semester isdedicated to the same Economics topics covered in the original course, but are covered in a muchmore concise way.Guidelines for project acceptance criteria were formalized. Among other things, it wasdetermined that more emphasis was needed on developing industry-sponsored andmultidiscipline projects. In order to increase the availability of true multidiscipline projects, aformal agreement was formed with the Mechanical Engineering Senior Capstone program tocreate official multidiscipline teams in which both groups of students now report to

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Galaleldin, University of Ottawa; Hanan Anis, University of Ottawa; Patrick Dumond, University of Ottawa

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

times they were meetingduring the week, how their tasks were being split up, and how they were planning for eachdesign phase. Appendix A provides the questions for each interview. Interviews were transcribedand analyzed by the primary author of this study.Results & DiscussionResults of the pre-survey are summarized as follows. Teams in group A were mechanicalengineering students who identified as makers and had taken a traditional engineering designcourse. One of the students in team A2 (which belonged to group A teams) had prior experiencewith the faculty’s design competition teams that were similar to his team’s capstone project.Teams in group B were students who identified as makers and participated in engineering designcourses that had

Conference Session

The BEST InDEED

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Lisa Marie Stabryla, University of Pittsburgh; Leanne M. Gilbertson, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

solutions, creating simple solution prototypes, and testing the prototypes,iteratively ideating, prototyping, and testing to reach the best solution. This paper describes thedevelopment of the course enhancements to infuse design thinking throughout, including new in-class design activities. This paper also describes the associated assessment plan for evaluatingstudents’ creativity and execution of the design thinking process, perceptions of the activelearning and their own creativity, practice of sustainability in their design solutions, oralpresentation skills, and other developmental outcomes related to their engineering careers. Someinitial results are presented, including the very preliminary result that the use of design thinkingmay be

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susannah Howe, Smith College; Mary A. Moriarty, Smith College; Apurva Errabelli

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

design instruction. Lastly, identifying transferable skills is important forstudents in marketing themselves to perspective employers or graduate schools, in identifyingpotential strengths and weaknesses, and in developing plans for the continued acquisition ofimportant skills. The extent to which students can articulate transferable skills/knowledge andwhether or not students appreciate how and why these skills and knowledge will transfer is notcurrently known.The purpose of this pilot study was to begin to close the knowledge gap in the capstone transferliterature though preliminary identification of students perceived knowledge of transfer. Theintent was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a transfer model for enabling student

Conference Session

Making in Design Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amin Malek Mohammadi, California State University; Amir Hajrasouliha, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ; Joseph P. Cleary, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ; Jeong H. Woo, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

thehigher education. A digital twin is a digital model, simulation and representation of a physicalobject. The application of this technology expands from built environment disciplines such asconstruction, and planning, to manufacturing and health care. The underlying concept of digitaltwin as a “dynamic software model of a physical thing or system” creates under‐exploredopportunities in various disciplines. The research team tested a model of digital twin bycombining RFID and BIM technologies in order to integrate different type of real‐time data,from environmental data to student movement, to create a useful tool for data driven decisionmaking across campus units. This paper also discusses the benefits of students involvement inthe process of

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-centered Design 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Xi Wang P.E., University of Mount Union; Minhao Dai, Kennesaw State University; Gabriella Cataloni, University of Mount Union

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

engineering design process on it from technical design, mockups, testing, 2 refinement to improvement. Students develop mockup designs based on an engineering problem. Students design an experimental plan for the engineering design problem (e.g., building a floating assembly with a portable charger). Then they conducted experiments, collect and analyze data that is compared to the theoretical design. Thereafter they make conclusions and observations on the outcomes based on engineering and math concepts (e.g., Buoyancy and stability). They finally use conclusions to draw improvements to the components, system, and processes

Conference Session

Design for Society and the Environment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Williams, Virginia Tech; Richard Goff, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Jenny Lo, Virginia Tech; Tamara Knott, Virginia Tech; Karen Gilbert, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

). Page 14.2.9 Figure 1. Design “Tools” Covered in ENGE 1114Table 2. The Phases of the Design Methodology and of the ROXIE Project Design Phase Project Components • Partner with community service group • Serve community group in order to better understand their needsIdentify the problem • Meet with community group leader(s) to identify specific needs and begin project planning • Draft project proposal (must be approved by instructor) Clarify the design • Develop project plan (Gantt chart, Linear Responsibility Chart, Work Breakdown task

Conference Session

Design Assessment

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Crepeau P.E., University of Idaho, Moscow; Michael R. Maughan P.E., University of Idaho, Moscow; Dan Cordon, University of Idaho, Moscow; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Matthew John Swenson P.E., University of Idaho, Moscow; Daniel J. Robertson, University of Idaho, Moscow; Sean Michael Quallen, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, plan tasks, and meet objectives Documentation (g) An ability to communicate (3) An ability to effectively communicate effectively with a range of audiencesInstead of being used for a single course, this new rubric needed to cover the wide range of skillsneeded for incoming freshman through graduating seniors. This required modifications to thetitles of the scoring range and to the descriptors of performance in each cell to cover thespectrum of students being assessed. A design that might be satisfactory or exemplary for afreshman project would likely not be considered as

Conference Session

Student Empathy and Human-Centered Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lexie Mitchell, Colorado School of Mines; Leslie Light, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

essential skills for becoming an impactful, well-rounded engineer [14], educators arejust beginning to experiment with and share their techniques and frameworks for better educatingstudents in this skill to help fill the gap.Empathy is very much a learnable skill, so the lack of educational frameworks may be due morein part to the newness of the concept, rather than the difficulty in teaching it. In fact, teachingempathy has been a key aspect of educating social workers for many years [15].When specifically looking to implement empathy-building exercises into design and engineeringeducation, Reimer recommends a variety of techniques, including implementing elements ofself- and context-awareness, decision-making and action planning, research and

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Design Methodology

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shraddha Sangelkar, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Benjamin Emery Mertz, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Ashley Bernal, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Patrick Cunningham, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, duration of the project, instruction onteaming, feedback on teaming, methods of dealing with team dysfunction, and impact onindividual grades. In the data it is apparent that there is a large lapse of time between consecutiveexperiences, gaps in teamwork instruction, and lack of scaffolding of teaming. The results of thisbenchmarking process will be used to focus departmental deliberations and cast a shared visionof how to effectively scaffold instruction and development of each student’s teamwork skills. Aswe focus on the intentional design of a coordinated plan for teaming across our curriculum, wealso share our process for this curriculum revision through building shared vision so that otherscould leverage beneficial elements for their contexts

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Sheppard, Stevens Institute of Technology; Peter Dominick, Stevens Institute of Technology; Edward Blicharz, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

individuals work together in the team to identify anddocument personal and team development goals. At the end of the semester a final peer-feedback questionnaire is used to assess team development and also to modulate an individualgroup project grade to reflect the contributions of the individual team members. Extension of theteaming thread into subsequent design courses is planned. In this paper, the experience andassessments from the freshman year part of the teaming thread are discussed. In particular, weprovide analysis of the relationships between prior teaming experiences and actual behavior asmeasured through peer and self-evaluation and provide inferences on how these can be used asassessment tools and for personal development.BackgroundThe

Conference Session

Design Methodolgy

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rudolph Eggert, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

multifunctionalteam design and 6.) information retrieval and learning.In 1993, Todd et. al.4 suggested refinements to senior capstone design courses, to address thedifficulty that businesses were having in competing in world markets using traditional design andproduction methods. They described a product development process which included: functionalspecifications, concept generation, concept evaluation and selection, design, robust engineering,process planning, prototype development and testing, production and acceptance testing. Theysuggested that educating students in these aspects of the PRP would improve their student’spreparation for employment.In 1995, Todd et. al.5 presented results of a national survey of capstone engineering coursesconducted in

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

developing knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) within students that are useful in designingand crafting a quality problem statement. Some assessment rubrics were identified but theseseemed to focus more on formatting than content. Little guidance was identified relative tolesson plans for developing problem statement design KSAs. This paper, describes some initialefforts toward developing problem statement KSAs within senior engineering students that havebegun from some exploratory research and classroom experiences. BackgroundThe East Carolina University (ECU) initiated its first ever engineering program in 2004. Theprogram culminates in a two semester capstone design project based learning experience

Conference Session

DEED Melange

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ang Liu, University of Southern California; Stephen Y. Lu, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, Project Assignment, Planning, Deliverables, Evaluation Criteria Team assembly (who) 3 09/10/2013 Overview and purposes of EBT Read Chs 6-7, do worksheet 4 09/17/2013 Discuss team worksheets; meaning and value of People Involvement Read Chs 8-9; do list of purposes 5 09/24/2013 Demonstrate group process of Purposes phase Redo list and hierarchy of Purposes 6 10/01/2013 Review purpose hierarchy and decide step Read Chs 10-11; list Future Solution 7 10/08/2013 Demonstrate group process of Future Solution phase

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salah Badjou, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

possible improvement and solution, the author, with the help of DTS (the Division ofTechnology Services at Wentworth), has introduced an online structure of virtual groupswhereby each group shares real-time editing capability and the possibility of videoconferencing.In the author’s mind, this would be especially helpful during Spring Break, for commuting groupmembers, and for the many students who work off campus. It helps students to save time andcomplete their reports more efficiently. It was expected that this would lead to improved timemanagement and efficiency, while making it easier for groups to manage and complete theirprojects. The planned assessment8,10,16,18 is based on 2 carefully designed anonymous surveys ofthe students, at the end

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leigh R Abts, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

period from 2007 until the fall of 2010. • Phase III: Development of a strategy and plan to validate and determine the reliability of the EDPPSR, covering the period from the fall of 2010 to the present time. Phase I Phase II Phase III Initial Develop Test Focus ’05 to ‘07 Design ’07 to ‘10 Design Groups 200762007 Rubric 200762007 RubricPhase I: This study has been conducted under a series of Institutional Review Board (IRB)approved protocols. During this phase, there have been formal meetings, interviews

Conference Session

The Best in DEED

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gina M Quan, University of Maryland, College Park; Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park; Emilia Dewi Tanu, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

paper describes the embodiment of these goals byhighlighting several key features of the seminar. We conduct quantitative and qualitative analysisof several data sources (surveys, instructor reflections, field notes, and coursework) to assess theextent to which the embodiment of our values helped us meet our goals. Finally, we describechallenges and identify areas where we were not meeting our goals and describe some of theaspects of the seminar that we plan to revise in the next iteration.IntroductionEngineering education research has increasingly focused on the learning and teaching ofdesign,​1-7​ including design thinking and associated “soft” skills such as communication andteamwork. Another trend is the growing number of schools of

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sonia Travaglini, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; Swetha Nittala, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, and who may beinterested in learning about the challenges and benefits of kits and learning technologies as anaugmentation to course activities.Conceptual frameworkTo help us answer our first pedagogy question we analyze the approaches taken in the courseusing Puentedura’s SAMR (Substitution-Augmentation-Modification-Redefinition) model whichhas typically been applied to the introduction of new educational technologies [1]. We use thisframework to characterize the development of kits and the other associated technology andcurricular elements. The kit plans were initially conceived as a strategy for substituting access tothe practical components available on campus, however, rather than a simple 1:1 replacement,while planning and implementing

Conference Session

Capstone Pedgagogy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

C. Richard Compeau Jr., Texas State University; Austin Talley P.E., Texas State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

helping to improve thementorship model in addition to having a Capstone Committee that goes further than justplanning Senior Design Day but that also includes methods. We plan to improve our researchinstrument and administer both start-of-semester and end-of-semester probes to yieldcomparative data.IntroductionThe engineering capstone mentorship system was first implemented at Texas State University forthe Fall semester of 2017 in Electrical Engineering (EE). At that time, EE had always been atwo-semester capstone sequence whereas the capstone courses in the other two engineeringdisciplines, Industrial (IE), and Manufacturing (MFGE), were one-semester in duration. Both ofthose disciplines have switched to two-semester capstones, MFGE for the last

Conference Session

Design Communications

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Ekwaro-Osire, Texas Tech; Peter Orono, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

nine distinct information gathering activities, namely, ask client-expert, library research, internet use, ask other-expert, plan to gather, gather info (general), andprocedure: gather info. Typical pages from the research notebooks are shown in Figure 1 andFigure 2. Figure 1 shows a page out of the research notebook on the activity “InformationGathering.” And Figure 2 shows a page out of the research notebook on the activity“Reflection.”Conclusion The objective of this research was to develop a rubric for research notebooks, and attempt toshow that research notebooks can be used as an effective tool to map creativity instances duringteam activities in a research project on design. For this study, the authors mentored six studentsin a team

Conference Session

1st and 2nd Year Instruction in Design

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

common reading program” for incomingfirst year students.1,2 Typically, a book is selected by a campus committee and introduced duringsummer orientation activities. Students are expected to read the book in early fall and participatein discussion groups and other activities during the fall and/or winter semesters. Our first yeardesign and communications course at The Schulich School of Engineering at the University ofCalgary participated in 2013 for the first time because the book – No Impact Man by ColinBeavan - addressed questions about sustainable living and added value to a planned designproject. Students were asked to read one chapter of the book, to critically discuss this chapter intheir ‘chapter’ groups, and assign a spokesperson to

Conference Session

Research on Design Learning

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Wegner, University of Michigan College of Engineering; Stefan M Turcic II, University of Michigan; Gail Hohner, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

development ofthese skills.We saw several themes emerge in the data. Although students identified a range of learningopportunities, the most common milestones originated from students’ courses, extracurricularactivities, mentorship opportunities, and team projects. From these milestones, we found avariety of professional skills and competencies identified as significant by the students:communication skills, navigating group dynamics, and planning/organization abilities are mostprominent. Finally, we noticed differences in the proportions of milestones and skills whenanalyzing other factors such as: sex, grade point average, citizenship status, minority identity

Conference Session

Idea Generation and Creativity in Design

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keelin Siomha Leahy, University of Limerick; Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

recorded or included in this study.FindingsThe main findings for the instructors’ experiences are reported in 7 categories grouped accordingto timing: 1) Before DH session (interview), 2) During DH session (video recording), and 3)Reflection after DH session (interview) (Table 2).Table 2: Capturing the findings Time Category Description 1. Before DH A. Past experience Instructors’ experience before, during and session teaching DH further the DH session / Future plans for using them in their classrooms B. Preparations Meetings, planning, and discussions regarding

Conference Session

The BEST InDEED

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Gewirtz, Virginia Tech; Daria A. Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Sidharth Arunkumar; Julie Dyke Ford, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Susannah Howe, Smith College; Laura Mae Rosenbauer, Smith College; Nicholas Emory Alvarez, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Jessica Deters, Virginia Tech ; Cristian Hernandez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, with 29 participants (47%) identifying as female. Weekly surveys were used to collectquantitative data on what types of workplace activities participants engaged in (e.g., teammeetings, project budgeting, CAD modeling, engineering calculations) and qualitative data onwhat challenges they experience in their early work experience.In this paper, we present a descriptive analysis of the data to identify patterns across participants.Preliminary analysis of the quantitative data suggests that the most common activities for ourparticipants were team meetings and project planning (mentioned by >70% of participants)compared to formal presentations and project budgeting (mentioned by <30% of participants).Preliminary analysis of the qualitative