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Displaying results 61 - 90 of 186 in total
Conference Session
Information Literacy in First-year Courses and Co-curricular Experiences
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Catherine Woodworth Wong, Merrimack College; Cynthia Helen Carlson P.E., Merrimack College
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
Sample quotes from “If you plan to start or expand your mindfulness practice, what ways will you use to do so?” 1: Not at 1 2%  I don’t have any plans to start mindfulness all 2 9 16%  Breathing, going on walks, taking one thing at a time, etc.  Utilize awareness more often  Sitting down and observing closing my eyes  Exercise more 3 25 43%  I’ll probably start doing the breathing exercises we did in class because they helped me clear my mind  Tell my roommates
Conference Session
Making an Impact: Building Support with Data and Design
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rachel Figueiredo, University of Waterloo; Angela Henshilwood, University of Toronto; Michelle Spence, University of Toronto; Mindy Thuna, University of Toronto; Siu Hong Yu, University of Waterloo
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
acrossinstitutions and with industry partners, these collaborations are not without their challenges. Oneresearcher at U of T discussed how government partners have very high expectations about thedeliverables that will result from the research partnership. While the expectation in academia isoften to publish research, the expectation in industry is typically to implement this research intoactionable plans. This dichotomy can lead to a disconnect with industry partners in terms oftimelines, aims, and research outcomes. Interviewees also noted that collaborating with partnersoutside academia can be a challenge in terms of gathering and sharing data. Both industry andacademia have a strong focus on protecting anonymity, which can make it challenging
Conference Session
Making an Impact: Building Support with Data and Design
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Xiaoju "Julie" Chen, Carnegie Mellon University; Jessica Benner, Carnegie Mellon University; Sarah Young, Carnegie Mellon University; Matthew R. Marsteller, Carnegie Mellon University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
issues. The researchers who deal with somewhat smaller datasets do not considerdata management a big issue; some researchers believe they do not have any data managementproblem at all. Others who only use third party data associate data management more with dataprocessing, such as how to more efficiently manipulate data.Several researchers rely on their students to manage data for ongoing projects. Some mentionedthat they had problems because of this practice. For example, one researcher said: “Students’ datamanagement plan is “ad hoc”, such as they don’t document their codes.” and another researchermentioned: “We’ve actually had two graduate student laptop failures that have caused someproblems.”Some interviewees mention that they have a lab
Conference Session
Engineering Librarian Collaborations in the Library, On Campus, and Beyond
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Marian G. Armour-Gemmen, West Virginia University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
involved with all threepathways because it is not only a Patent & Trademark Resource Center, but it also subscribes tomajor business databases.) The ecosystem also identifies areas of possible engagement includingthe LaunchLab, the prototyping labs, the Technology Transfer Office, the Entrepreneurship andInnovation Law Clinic, the new business incubator, the Statewide Business Plan Competition,the I-Corps program, and other initiatives. Speaking to the leaders of each program is imperativeso that they know that they can turn to the libraries for assistance. Additionally, sending outemails regarding workshops, Federal Register notices, and database announcements can raiseyour visibility as well. Attending programs that are sponsored by the
Conference Session
Fresh Perspectives on Information Literacy
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John B. Napp, University of Toledo; Phoebe Jane Ballard, The University of Toledo
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
andadoption among faculty within engineering regardless of discipline.Blackboard’s Lesson Plan tool enables one to introduce lessons or units of instruction tostudents, and helps to articulate specific information related to the lesson, such as theinstructional level and the subject area, as well as learning outcomes and core competenciesaddressed by the lesson.A link to the learning module was housed inside the lesson plan. A learning module inBlackboard is a tool that enables content, assessment, and communication tools to be packagedand displayed within one unit of organized instruction. Items within a learning module arepresented sequentially in a path determined by the faculty or instructional designer; however,faculty can choose whether
Conference Session
Engineering Libraries (ELD) Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alison Bradley, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; R. Daniel Latta, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Meg Harkins, University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
skillslike engineering design and calculations. It also encourages academic, personal, and professionaldevelopment, through assignments designed to foster teamwork, project planning, and oral andwritten communication skills within a multi-disciplinary format.    To successfully complete this course, the student must be able to:   1 Demonstrate a basic understanding of the engineering design process by successfully designing, constructing, and testing a solution that meets specific requirements and performance specifications.   2 Successfully apply knowledge of basic engineering mathematics to the problem-solving process.   3 Productively contribute as a member of a multidisciplinary team
Conference Session
Engineering Libraries (ELD) Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David A Zwicky, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
, and was the main library service point for the campus.With Hunt Library in the planning and construction stages, a remote reference program, named“Ask Us Here” (branded similarly to the Libraries’ “Ask Us” chat reference service and the “AskUs” integrated service point in Hunt Library) was launched in Fall 2010. The program wouldprovide reference services to engineering students and faculty, in their spaces and at point ofneed. The engineering students' mix of technological savvy and confidence in their ownproblem-solving skills, coupled with their distance from the main campus and its central library, Page 23.1390.2makes them more reluctant
Conference Session
Teaching Engineering Students and Library Staff: New Ideas and Best Practices
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amber Janssen, California Maritime Academy; William W. Tsai, California State University, Maritime Academy
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
alternatesources to cite images [14].Regarding implementing the instruction, there is a wealth of examples of instructional activitiesprovided by academic librarians related to copyright. In non-engineering disciplines, librarianshave incorporated rights instruction into introductory music courses and mass communicationscourses [15], developed lesson plans for English and communications courses that use problem-solving scenarios supported by analysis and lecture [16], and taught a semester-length courseabout copyright to journalism and communications majors [17]. Some of the ways that librariansare structuring the content include an online course about copyright organized in three units:basics, you as the user, and you as the creator [18], a lesson plan
Conference Session
Improving and Understanding Engineering Collections and Publication
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Angela Henshilwood, University of Toronto; Cristina Sewerin, University of Toronto; Michelle Spence, University of Toronto; Mindy Thuna, University of Toronto; Tracy Zahradnik, University of Toronto
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
imposterphenomenon. The ALA panel described in [4] includes a description of how mentors at thePhoenix Public Library take a year to monitor new selectors followed by deeper training.Another key assumption outlined in [10] is that training is required at both a macro and microlevel. The macro level includes subject expertise, the publishing landscape and knowledge aboutdisciplinary patterns and habits. Many articles described their in-depth training methods for newselectors [11], [12], [13]. One paper describes an intensive six-month collection developmenttraining program that University of Tennessee at Knoxville undertook for new selectors that wasvideotaped for future generations as training. The training included topics such as selection,approval plans
Conference Session
Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Leena N. Lalwani, University of Michigan; Jamie M. Niehof, University of Michigan; Paul F. Grochowski, University of Michigan
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
engineering graduate students on their needs for library instruction. Thesurvey differentiated between students who are writing theses and those who are not. By lookingat students who are doing research and those who are not as two separate populations, the surveymay identify needs for instruction that go beyond common library instruction topics such asliterature reviews and the library had not previously considered. This paper will summarize theresults of the survey and discuss plans for implementation of an instruction program ofinformation literacy topics.BackgroundIn fall semester 2017, a group of graduate students in the College of Engineering (CoE) at theUniversity of Michigan (U-M) were awarded a community grant from the U-M Rackhamgraduate
Conference Session
Technical Session 1: Collaborating with Engineering Students and Faculty
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aleshia Huber, Binghamton University; Jill Dixon, Binghamton University; Sandy Card, Binghamton University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
department had some ideas of what could be done with thespace, the decision was made to work with ISE senior design capstone students. After meetingwith the professor in the class and meeting with some of the students who were interested indoing a project, five students decided that this was a project they wanted to tackle.At the first weekly meeting with the students, a timeline was set for what would be completedand when. It was decided that the first semester would be spent collecting information on howthe library functions, what the Technical Services staff were responsible for, and to outline thebasic needs of the area. Included in the planning was the design of a survey which would begiven to all Technical Services staff. The survey included
Conference Session
Information Literacy: Theory and Practice
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mysore Narayanan, Miami University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
): Page 22.254.2 “Assessment requires attention to outcomes but also and equally to the experiences that lead to those outcomes.” In other words, the important aspect to observe here is that one has to move away from ateaching paradigm to learning paradigm. The author takes this philosophy further, and says: “Students should learn using a discovery approach.” Clifford O. Young, Sr., & Laura Howzell Young of California State University, SanBernardino argue that a new paradigm for assessment, a learning paradigm, must be constructedto measure the success of new kinds of educational practices (Young and Young, 1999). 1. The participants should be capable of selecting an assessment plan best suited for
Conference Session
Using Information Technology to Create New Information Resources
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Patricia Kirkwood, University of Arkansas; Michael Culbertson, Colorado State University; Esther Crawford, Rice University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
ofInvestigations (also from the U.S. Bureau of Mines). With a document stream guaranteed, wecould work with smaller collections (such as the Saline Waters) as they were identified,reviewed, and collected. For this reason, the Bureau of Mines series as well as the NationalBureau of Standards series are currently our "large" collections.Procuring Collections: Happenstance or planning?As we have moved into production mode, the quantity of materials needed to have a successfulmaterials stream has expanded dramatically. Though we have been working diligently to identifycollections for digitization, sometimes we must simply accept series as we become aware ofmaterials that fit our parameters and are readily available. The Bureau of Mines Bulletins as wellas the
Conference Session
Opening Up: Data, Open Access, and Open Educational Resources
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Chelsea Leachman, Washington State University; Talea Anderson, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
faculty about their publishing choices.The first goal of the study was to collect responses about the role of PRT guidelines as theyrelate to individual publication practices. The second goal of the study was to take a holisticapproach and examine engineering faculty’s criteria during the publication selection process as itrelates to formal and informal publishing. Faculty publishing choices are not exclusivelydependent on one set of guidelines; therefore, by exploring PRT in tandem with other criteria forselecting publishing venues, the authors expect to gain a deeper understanding of currentpublishing practices within engineering. Using this deeper understanding, the engineeringlibrarian and scholarly communication librarian plan to educate
Conference Session
Information Literacy: Preparing Students for the Real World
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Patsy Hulse, University of Auckland; Dahlia Dantang Han, University Auckland, Engineering Library; Emil Melnichenko, University of Auckland; Susan Brookes, University of Auckland, Engineering Library
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
planning began. The time frame was tight - from October Page 22.981.22009 to the first week in March, 2010.The University uses Coursebuilder for its online tutorials. Designed and built by CAD, this is awebsite creation tool for online tutorials. CAD staff trained the subject librarians, and shared theirexperiences of developing online tutorials. These included the Library’s Business Information Skillstutorial (http://www.flexiblelearning.auckland/business_information skills/), which was developedby subject librarians in that discipline. Throughout the development of the tutorial the CAD staffassisted with the more complicated technical issues
Conference Session
Information Literacy in Context: Enabling Real World Problem Solving
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adriana Popescu, Princeton University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
collectively to support discipline based collections with multiple interdisciplinaryrelations, such as engineering.The other action taken was to update the profile for the engineering approval plan to broaden thecoverage to specific geographic areas corresponding to places where the university offersinternships and study abroad programs, as well as to extend the plan to include titles withinterdisciplinary treatment. The collecting focus for the engineering library has actively shiftedtowards areas of the world with high output of STM research and scholarship, such as Asia andSouth America and selective collecting in other languages than English has been initiated. Tothis extent, specific subject areas have been identified (Engineering, Soil &
Conference Session
Information Literacy Programs for First-Year Engineering Students
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Meagan C. Ross, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael Fosmire, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruth Wertz P.E., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
skills and how to assess them. Shuman et al suggest thatstudents be able to • Demonstrate Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking Skills • Demonstrate an Awareness of What Needs to be Learned • Follow a Learning Plan • Identify, Retrieve, and Organize Information • Demonstrate Critical Thinking Skills • Reflect on One’s Own Understanding iiiShuman’s outcomes correlate well iv with the ACRL Information Literacy standards for Science andTechnology, which briefly are • Determine the extent of information needed • Access the needed information effectively and efficiently • Evaluate information and its sources critically • Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base
Conference Session
Evolving Engineering Libraries: Services, Spaces, and Collections
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeff McAdams, University of Texas, San Antonio
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
collectiondevelopment goals will be to grow our electronic collections.The New Science and Engineering Building Our university is a new campus, relative to many universities in the state. However, it isgrowing rapidly, especially in the sciences. In the last five years, our university opened twomulti-disciplinary science and engineering buildings. The newest building, the AppliedEngineering and Technology Building, opened for occupancy in Fall 2009 and officially inSpring 2010; our library opened few months later, in May. In the original plans for the building, a laboratory space was built where our library isnow. The architects and builders outfitted the room with various lab specifications, including aneye-wash station, a multitude of power
Conference Session
Information Tools and Techniques for Engineering Education
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amy G. Buhler, University of Florida; Margeaux Johnson, University of Florida; Michelle Leonard, University of Florida; Melody Royster, University of Florida
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
overarching narrative to help students recognizewhat constitutes data falsification, data fabrication, and plagiarism (FFP). These three topics areof great importance to learning what the NSF and many other research bodies refer to asResponsible Conduct of Research (RCR). Students who play all three games also have theability to acquire a certificate of completion.Grant PhasesThis 24-month grant project ran from September 2010 to August 2012. Due to the significantworkload and short funding period, the project was broken down into 5 major phases and aninitial month by month plan (Table 1) guided progress towards project goals: • Page 23.1316.2
Conference Session
Technical Session 1: Collaborating with Engineering Students and Faculty
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alexander J. Carroll, North Carolina State University; Bertha P. Chang, North Carolina State University; Honora N. Eskridge, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
is the flagship institution for STEM teaching and research in the UNC System. TheCollege of Engineering is thus one of the larger colleges at NC State, with over 10,000 students.Between 1984 and 1987, NC State acquired a 1,000-acre tract of land to expand upon, andcreated a master plan for this new campus, which was named the Centennial Campus in honor ofthe 100th anniversary of the University. Centennial Campus is one mile from NC State’s historicmain campus and is home to academic departments and centers, as well as a growing number ofcorporate and government partners. Two colleges have relocated to Centennial Campus – theCollege of Textiles moved to Centennial Campus in 1991, and the College of Engineering beganmoving its many departments
Conference Session
Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel P Zuberbier, East Carolina University; Ranjeet Agarwala, East Carolina University; Robert A. Chin, East Carolina University; Mark McKinley Sanders
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
Paper ID #18024Climbing to Cruising Altitude: Promoting an Academic Library’s 3D Print-ing ServiceMr. Daniel P Zuberbier, East Carolina University Dan Zuberbier is the Education & Instructional Technology Librarian at East Carolina University (ECU). He planned for, launched, and currently manages the J.Y. Joyner Library 3D printing service which makes 3D printing accessible to all students, faculty and staff at ECU, and teaches a course on 3D printing and design for the North Carolina Summer Ventures in Science & Mathematics Program. He previously worked as a high school Social Studies teacher in Arizona and
Conference Session
Engineering Librarians: Impacting the Past, Present, and Future
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael J White, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
editorial thatsuggested that the creation of an association of engineering libraries would help to promotecooperation and standardization.44 In May of the same year, representatives from twentyengineering and scientific societies, including F. L Bishop, the secretary of SPEE, met at theEngineering Societies Library in New York City to discuss plans to create a universalclassification system for technical literature.45A handful of engineering librarians joined SPEE in the 1910s. One of them was Ellwood H.McClelland, who succeeded Harrison Craver as head of the Technology Department in theCarnegie Library of Pittsburgh. McClelland joined SPEE in 1912 and would remain a memberthrough 1950. He was an active contributor to SPEE and helped to index
Conference Session
The Human Element of Librarianship
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bertha P. Chang, North Carolina State University; Honora N. Eskridge, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
building, the James B. Hunt Jr. Library. At this stage of the process,space- and service-model planning was initiated and in support of this work, various user studieswere undertaken. These studies, which were conducted up until the last months before thebuilding opened in January 2013, helped to answer planning questions, as well as build supportand awareness of the library among faculty and students.1 After the building opened, it quicklybecame apparent that assessment of the effectiveness of the new spaces and the service modelwas needed and as a result, more studies were initiated. The resulting body of five years ofresearch provides many practical insights into the needs and preferences of Hunt Library users.The Hunt Library is situated on
Conference Session
Technical Session 3: History and Future of Engineering Librarianship
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lisha Li, Georgia Institute of Technology; Isabel M. Altamirano, Georgia Institute of Technology; Bette M. Finn, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
was needed and provided documentation ofwhat was being built on other university campuses. All of this information would be presented tothe Board of Regents of Georgia to justify the construction of a new library (Box 5, Series 2).Crosland continued to investigate the preliminary plans with other library directors and wrote toEmerson about her concerns. Mr. John Burchard, Head of Humanities and former director oflibraries at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was invited to the campus to do a librarybuilding study. He supported Crosland’s view that the Carnegie Library was too small and that anew building was needed (Annual Report, 1949-1950).In 1951, Crosland’s dream for a larger library became a reality. Groundbreaking
Conference Session
Technical Session 3: History and Future of Engineering Librarianship
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael J. White, Queen's University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
1954 to 1958. In 1959 he was appointed library director at the PolytechnicInstitute of Brooklyn. He joined ASEE in 1961 and served as ESLC chair from 1962 to 1964. InSeptember 1964 Boes was appointed assistant director of libraries at Syracuse University. A yearlater, in 1965, he was appointed acting director and then director of libraries in 1966. During histenure he oversaw the planning and construction of a new research library for the humanities andsocial sciences, the Bird Library, which opened in 1972. However, his plans to merge somedepartmental libraries met with resistance from faculty.[10] In 1973 Boes left Syracuse tobecome the director of libraries at the University of Georgia in Athens. His time at Georgia wasmarked by allegations
Conference Session
Engineering Librarians: Impacting the Past, Present, and Future
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amani Magid, New York University Abu Dhabi
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
sure to reach out to theEngineering DepartmentIn an academic setting, reaching out to faculty to determine the information needs of boththem and their students is one of many aspects of a librarian’s duties. An engineeringlibrarian in a college/university setting is no different, whether the librarian works as part of amain library or in a separate engineering library. Nelson has developed an extensivemarketing plan of the engineering library at Purdue University where outreach to faculty isone of many facets6. At Dalhousie University, Dooley recognizes that working with facultycan build “mutually beneficial outcomes” for both librarian and faculty that may lead to bothparties seeing each other as equals in the university setting 7.Subclaim
Conference Session
Engineering Libraries: Extending Our Outreach
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Megan R Sapp Nelson, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
large K-12 professional networks. LinkedIn ismonitored by AltMetric and Kudos, so the altmetric tools available were identified at the sametime as the dissemination plan was developed. The faculty member was signed up for a Kudosaccount, and was shown the altMetric badge. The altmetric badge works for the universityrepository because individual deposits are assigned a DOI. Therefore, the faculty member hadmultiple altmetric tools to monitor the impact of the educational materials she was marketing viaLinkedIn to the K-12 networks.With a plan in mind, the faculty member was able to focus on crafting short messages forLinkedIn to catch the eyes of K-12 faculty members and direct them to either MERLOT or theuniversity repository. If someone were
Conference Session
Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Qing Li, IEEE
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
games arefound useful to engage students, enhance information literacy skills, and increasepositive attitudes toward the library and its staff [10]. The IEEE team in China alsoemphasizes the role of interactive games in user engagement and has explored variousways of using social media to design interactive games and online competitions.The author believes that the best library activities should be planned and led byend-users themselves. The ACRL 2017 report encourages collaborative instructionalactivities and suggests libraries working with other campus units such as writingcenter and tutoring services to promote student learning [10]. As an internationalengineering membership society, IEEE has established thousands of student groups intop
Conference Session
Informing the Critical Understanding of Our Users: Using Data to Develop New and Diverse Services
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John B. Napp, University of Toledo; Arjun Sabharwal, University of Toledo
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
role in supporting strategic goals for diversity in American highereducation. American universities have integrated language on diversity and inclusion into theirstrategic plans focusing on hiring and research, thus articulating the importance of diversity ontheir campuses. Academic engineering librarians can consider two strategies to playing this roleeffectively. The first strategy involves three areas of activity: collection development, publicservices, and outreach. All three directly support institutional strategic goals related to researchand diversity. The importance of collection development lies in the selection of educationalresources to support academic programming and faculty/staff development. Public services(reference
Conference Session
Considerations for the Collection Conscious Librarian
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Theresa M. Calcagno, George Mason University; Jessica Bowdoin, George Mason University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
purchase”policy for textbooks.17 Libraries with this policy identified budget constraints as the mainreason for not purchasing textbooks. From a collections standpoint, a “no purchase” policy fortextbooks makes sense because they may go out of date as new editions are published. Severalstudies found that the time between the original publication of a textbook and its new editionaveraged only 3 to 3.8 years and frequently, the faculty did not see any significant changes to thecontent.5,6Recently, several university libraries have created textbook collections as part of their coursereserves program.9,10,11 In 2009, the Oklahoma State University-Oklahoma City Libraryrecognized the students’ needs for textbooks and began planning a program to place