Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Tech Session 1: IE-ing a Broader Perspective

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cristina D. Pomales-Garcia, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

Paper ID #17820An Industrial Engineering Design Experience Reflecting upon Moral Devel-opment and WellbeingDr. Cristina D. Pomales-Garcia, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus Dr. Cristina Pomales is Professor at the Department of Industrial Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM). She has a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayag¨uez (2001) and a Ph.D. in Industrial and Operations Engineering from the University of Michigan (2006). Her research areas of interest are the study of Work Systems Design in Agriculture, Human Fac- tors, Occupational Safety Web-based

Conference Session

Innovations in the IE Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ana Vila-Parrish, North Carolina State University; Dianne Raubenheimer, Meredith College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

approach that integrates project management methods andtools with Lean-Six Sigma methods. An additional objective of this research is to develop abetter understanding of the unique aspects of the engineering problem solving process. Weassessed the student’s problem solving strategies, products, and design process reflections usingWolcott’s “Steps for Better Thinking” rubric 1.IntroductionCapstone courses give students the opportunity to solve large, unstructured problems in aclassroom setting. These team-based projects mimic the industrial setting that most students willenter upon graduation. Throughout the capstone experience students find themselves faced withcomplexities not found in a traditional course, especially when the projects are

Conference Session

Engineering Management Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

projects, teams and teamwork and reflective writing, this university will teachleadership identity development along with the knowledge, skills and abilities required of thenext generation of engineering leaders.IntroductionKouzes and Posner1 suggest that leadership is “everyone’s business”. East Carolina University(ECU) has committed to distinguishing itself by taking a unified institutional approach topreparing leaders. The ECU has identified itself as “The Leadership University” in its strategicposition and its marketing. As part of this position, the university seeks to define studentlearning outcomes related to leadership development in a way that is straightforward andadaptive while allowing academic units the flexibility to identify and

Conference Session

Course Tools and Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kellie Grasman, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Julie Phelps, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

, etc.) or have been created specifically for thecourse by the instructor or other subject matter experts. Further, live virtual guestspeakers are periodically incorporated. The use of open and/or custom created resourcesis an obvious economic benefit to students, but also allows the instructor to easilycustomize and update the course. Each week, students engage with print and/or videocontent through the learning management system and submit a variety of graded works.Weekly assignments vary by module, but a typical module may include a quiz, groupdiscussion and self-reflection assignment. Additional detail of module content andstructure will be presented in the next section.The updated course continues to cover core topics, with additional

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Princy L. D. Johnson, Liverpool John Moores University; Kathryn W. Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

of the importance of creativity to their professional andleadership development. Then, we explored whether those perceptions could be influenced throughactivity-based learning. Specifically, we embedded creativity concepts and practices within amasters-level engineering course focused on professional and leadership skills at Liverpool JohnMoores University (LJMU). Creativity was introduced through a dedicated 3-hour lecture sessionand several activity-based learning sessions throughout the course. We captured the students’awareness and perceptions of creativity at multiple points throughout the course using acombination of assessments, including tailored questionnaires, the Belbin team roles instrument,self-reflection questionnaires, peer

Conference Session

Innovative IE Course Content

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin W. Kile, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

responding to others verbal and nonverbalcommunication. These aspects were identified, by the author, through conversations withemployers, practicing engineers, and recent graduates. Although the key areas are easily agreedupon, how best to satisfy them during a conversation is open to some interpretation by theindividuals involved in the conversation. Therefore, the goal of the activities is to get students tothink and reflect on how they communicate, how others communicate, successfulcommunication, poor communication and goals of professional communication. Hopefully,through this thought and reflection, the students will become aware of their communicationstyles and can become better communicators

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division 1: The Practice of EMD

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lawrence M. Strenger, CATME; Behzad Beigpourian, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

issues which are not related to a team’s task [4]. Relationship conflict isusually expressed through tension, animosity, and annoyance between group members [5]. It cancause team members to spend more time focusing on off-task issues and make team membersless cooperative and receptive to others’ ideas [4]. While there is conflicting research regardingthe impact of other conflict types on performance, there is a broad consensus that relationshipconflict has an adverse effect [6]–[8]. Relationship conflict is considered to negatively affectperformance regardless of when it occurs in a team’s lifecycle [9]. Task conflict is the result of differences in opinion regarding the content of a group’swork [4]. This type of conflict reflects

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eva Andrijcic, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

, they were asked to identify anything that can affect the health and wellbeing of thesummer camp students. Upon completion, they presented this HHM to the chief risk manager forthe summer camp. In the second HHM exercise, students were given a magazine articlediscussing the consequences of the 2010 oil spill catastrophe in the Gulf15. Students were brokeninto two competing groups and each group was asked to construct a separate HHM thatillustrates the factors associated with deep water drilling risks. The two groups compared theirindividual HHMs, discussed the differences and integrated their insights into a single,comprehensive HHM. Upon reflecting on the resulting model, students were asked to identifysome conflicting stakeholder needs and

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ekaterina Koromyslova, South Dakota State University; Anna Sadovnikova, Monmouth University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

, recommendingthe departmental tactics, etc. Although originally perceived by the learners as a unique challenge,this approach effectively promoted interpersonal interactions and communications, to facilitateeffective project-related decisions. “To be honest, I thought that the beginning of the class was very hard; being told that we have this huge project to complete as a team is a huge burden, and I for one wasn’t sure how to handle it. I thought that there wasn’t a lot of direction. Looking back now, I believe that the freedom in how we did the project allowed to the team to truly grow” (a quote from a reflection journal 401107) 2) Students were asked to work in

Conference Session

Program Delivery Methods and Real World Concepts

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Plemmons

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Civil Engineers(ASCE), the BOK makes recommendations on “what should be taught to and learned by futurecivil engineering students.” These recommendations are delineated in 15 outcomes. The first 11outcomes reflect verbatim those currently used by the Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology (ABET) 4. Four new outcomes (Outcomes 12-15), “address technical specialization,project management, construction, asset management, business and public policy andadministration, and leadership.” Commentaries and descriptions of competencies explain eachoutcome. Outcome 12 “reflects the additional technical specialization4“and Outcomes 13-15“reflect the additional professional and practice knowledge, skills, and attitudes” embodied inASCE Policy

Conference Session

Programs and Pedagogies

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Elizandro, Tennessee Technological University; Angelo A. Volpe, Tennessee Technological University; David H. Huddleston, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AbstractBroadly stated, accountability for a regional university is value created versus cost.Value reflects social and economic needs of the community, state, and region. Cost ofcreating value is cost of implementation strategies to achieve institutional goals. The state’shigher education coordinating board, a university board, and faculty senate are proxiesfor engaging community, state, and regional stakeholders in institutional accountability.Complex endogenous and exogenous challenges require an effective means for allocatingresources within the organization, monitoring effectiveness of institutional strategies, and, asnecessary, adapting strategies to ensure institutional accountability.This paper examines these issues and recommends an

Conference Session

Engineering Management: Project Management and Partnerships

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Angolia, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

student experience3 and favors learning styles that are intuitive, verbal, reflective,and sequential, as defined by the Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS). Felder andBrent point out the futility of trying to tailor instruction individually4 and Alghasham posited thateducational planners desiring to enhance teamwork should group students of mixed learningstyles.5-7 A balanced pedagogy blending learning styles will challenge students to step outsidetheir comfort zone to “stretch and grow.”3 This allows those that favor the opposite end of thelearning style spectrum, sensory, visual, active, and global, to benefit from the proposedpedagogy. Through the approach presented, new graduates will have a better chance to apply anappropriate

Conference Session

Methods, Cases, and Directions

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pil-Won On, University of Missouri, Columbia; Luis Occena, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

experienced a dramaticdifference from receiving appropriate instructional design and development support. Table 1summarizes the path of transformation reflected on the instructor’s perspectives. It highlights 10key features which demonstrate significant difference that the instructor perceived during the Page 25.787.2transformation. Key Features Before Receiving After Working with Instructional Support Instructional Designer 1 Course layout Unit based (6 units) Weekly topic based (15 main

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

included in theengineering and engineering technology curriculum. The findings indicate that American toolshops are using innovative technologies, updating machinery, and instituting new strategies. Thetool shops making this transition are the adaptors creating new competitive advantages byrevising their strategies to reflect competitive changes, offering products fitting into uniqueniches, supplying specialized customer services, and providing rapid delivery. The results fromthis study have been incorporated into engineering and engineering technology courses to betterprepare graduates for careers in engineering management for manufacturing based industries.IntroductionForeign competition has had an extremely negative impact on American

Conference Session

EMD Program Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Gary Teng, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Ertunga Ozelkan, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Yesim Sireli, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Karen Elmore, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

operations, including design, production and manufacturing, logistics, sales, andservices, at global locations and companies. The education of future engineers has to reflect thischanging trend and demand. Systems Engineering (SE) discipline provides this critical need ofeducation to handle the increasing demands for systems efficiency, effectiveness, and integrationin engineering and business operations. This paper intends to discuss the process in the design ofa Bachelor of Science in SE curriculum. The design is based on an analysis of skill requirementsin industry under the current global market environment and global supply chain operations.This paper discusses industry needs in skills and demonstrates the match of skills to various SEcourses

Conference Session

Student Development and Assessment in IE Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terri M. Lynch-Caris, Kettering University; Jonathan Weaver, University of Detroit Mercy; Darrell K. Kleinke, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

. Share your scenario with a classmate (next student alphabetically on roster) and receive scenario from another classmate (prior student alphabetically on roster.) Page 25.265.6 3. Follow “The Steps” provided in Figure 2 and prepare a 10 minute presentation. 4. After presenting and submitting the presentation, peer- and self-assessment will enable a reflective summary of the entire activity.The peer assessment portion of the plan engages the audience and provides other students theopportunity to contribute to the learning experience. The presenter will receive more than just agrade as feedback. They will receive both

Conference Session

Innovative IE Course Content

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas H Timmer, University of Texas, Pan American; Miguel Gonzalez, University of Texas, Pan American

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

information sheet and student survey after submitting the project butbefore receiving feedback reflecting their performance as defined by the rubric. The surveyfocused on the students’ perceived understanding of the project learning goals and confidence inability to implement the learning goals in real life.ResultsThe Gauge R&R Project was implemented at the University of Texas – Pan American (UTPA)in MANE 4311 – Quality Control during the Fall 2012 semester. Eleven students were enrolledin the course and eight submitted the (voluntary) demographic and survey sheets. The assessmentresults are provided in Tables 1 – 3.Table 1 contains the student demographic information. Participation in the demographic surveywas voluntary. The demographic

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University; Gordon Thomas Beverly III, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

looking for students who excel in the ability to present informationorally. Instances that require effective oral communication include working in teams, dealingwith customers, and making presentations at trade shows and conferences2. A study was done bythe Peter D. Hart Research Associates in which hundreds of companies completed a survey. Theemployees at these companies had acquired at least a bachelor’s degree. Employers were askedabout the skills that potential hires should possess, as well as what learning outcomes universitiesshould put more focus on. Results reflected the importance of oral communication skills incurrent society. Approximately 30% of the companies believed that strong oral andcommunication skills were important in new

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1: Programs, Pedagogies, and Practices

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ekaterina Koromyslova, South Dakota State University; Teresa J.K. Hall, South Dakota State University; Byron G. Garry, South Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

currently professor and head of the Construction and Operations Management department at South Dakota State University.Prof. Byron G. Garry, South Dakota State University BYRON GARRY is Associate Professor and Undergraduate Program Coordinator in the Department of Construction & Operations Management in the Jerome J. Lohr College of Engineering at South Dakota State University. He has been a member of ASEE since 1998. As SDSU ASEE Campus Representative, his goal is to help fellow College of Engineering faculty to be reflective teachers. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Continuous Improvement of Teaching via Peer and Administrator Classroom

Conference Session

EM Program Design

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary A. Viola, School of Engineering, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

’ understanding of moral issues and their ability to assess these issues through ethical standards and analysis. • Enable moral analysis in a more systematic, coherent way. • Encourage reflection on students’ own moral values, rules or guidelines. • Facilitate development of students’ own definition of moral leadership and how it can be translated into action. • Elevate self-awareness and to expand students’ abilities in ‘perspective-taking’. • Develop reflection skills for professional and personal growth.Module Learning OutcomesAs a result of this module students will: • Understand how moral leadership is different from leadership in general. • Be able to recognize and analyze different types of

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Curriculum and Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice F. Squires, Stevens Institute of Technology; Timothy L.J. Ferris, University of South Australia; Joseph J. Ekstrom, Brigham Young University; Mary D. VanLeer, Perceptive-Systems; Garry Roedler, Lockheed Martin

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

. Additionally, Figure 3 clearly shows the lack of agreement of the Bloom’s levelattainment at the end of the program. Only the enabling systems engineering SEBoK partshowed agreement in the Bloom’s level but also had one of the lowest agreements of the requiredcore knowledge.The Thirteenth InputIn one case, the input was a merged set of input from a collaboration of industry representativeswho also had access to the previous 12 inputs as guidance. One corporation wanted to ensurethat the results of this effort strongly reflected the industry needs, as well as the perspective ofacademia. The BKCASE author from that corporation coordinated input from a team of systemsengineering leaders to obtain a consensus input. This initial collection of the input

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bradley James Schmid, University of Saskatchewan

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

Canadian tax system but modifying this section to reflect the U.S. tax system (orany country’s system) should not be an onerous endeavor for a course instructor familiar withtheir local tax structure. Many of the examples used in the textbook relate to Canadian industriesand businesses. While there is nothing wrong with keeping these Canadian examples, it mayengage students more if the examples reflect the important industries or businesses of theirgeographic region.The authors of this current version of the open textbook would like to encourage others to adoptthe textbook and may provide some assistance with modifications to help suit the needs of otherinstructors.Future work also includes studies to determine the effectiveness of this open

Conference Session

Methods, Cases, and Directions

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph C. Hartman, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

common assumption of a positive interest rate,money grows to a larger value as it moves forward in time and shrinks as it moves back in time.This is reflected in the (P/F,i,N) and (F/P,i,N) factors which are generally introduced when discussingthe notion of interest. As these serve as the basis for all other factors, they are the only factorsthat need to be explicitly covered in classroom material. Once understood, the mechanics ofmoving money through time can be easily illustrated on a spreadsheet, without the use of factors.Furthermore, this author would argue that one can build intuition merely by working lots ofproblems – even if the actual calculations are performed on a spreadsheet. In terms of intuition,an engineer that can build

Conference Session

EMD Recruitment and Certification

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Murray, University of Missouri; Stephen Raper, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

engineering management students. Changes were made toan introductory sophomore level EM class. Students were required to participate in life-long learning activities including reading business books and interviewing managers.These activities were graded as part of the required course. Additionally, the studentswere asked to identify learning activities they would complete the semester following thecourse – which would not be reflected in their grades. Recommendations forincorporating life-long learning initiatives in the engineering management undergraduatecurriculum are also presented.Introduction The current ABET guidelines place an emphasis on life-long learning for ourundergraduate students. In the report “Engineering Change: A Study of the

Conference Session

EMD Recruitment and Certification

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

or elite group of individuals.It is not enough for upper management to be given the opportunity to acquire a clearunderstanding of a quality environments culture. Each worker must also be acquainted with theproper tools and understanding of the quality processes in order to affect a change in theorganization’s philosophy, direction, and future. In fact, the basic essence of TQM reflects a Page 12.1234.4process through which training and education must be supported by all levels of management.The challenge is to infuse it into organizations. In order to be successful the organization alongwith its managers and workers must strive to acquire

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sujit Subhash; Elizabeth A. Cudney, Missouri University of Science & Technology; William Schonberg P.E., Missouri University of Science & Technology; Amber M. Henslee, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Susan L. Murray, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Patrick Gamez

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Engineering Education, 2019 Evaluating the Impact of Ethics Instruction on Student AwarenessAbstractEngineers must frequently make decisions during their careers without understanding orknowing the full set of consequences. These decisions can have unintended or harmful results.Therefore, it is imperative that engineers consider the ethical dimensions of their decisions whileworking to satisfy their employer’s interests even if these decisions conflict with theirorganization’s objectives or their own goals. Engineers have a responsibility to uphold a level ofethical standards that produces trust in not only their organization but also in their profession.Students entering the workforce must reflect the same level of ethical standards

Conference Session

Improving IE Course Content

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hung-da Wan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Yi-Ching Liao, University of Texas, San Antonio; Glenn Kuriger, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

impact the lean tools can bring about. Consequently, lean simulation games havegained a special role in training workshops and educational programs of lean manufacturing.A lean simulation game typically contains a series of operations that reflect real-world tasks ofwork. In a simulation, several phases of lean implementation are carried out step by step todemonstrate the impact of lean. The simplified tasks allow the participants to learn the leanconcepts and skills in a reasonably short time. Many lean simulation games have been developedin the past. Verma5 reviewed 17 popular lean simulation games, such as the TimeWiseSimulation of the Lean 101 training program, Aircraft Simulation developed by Lean AerospaceInitiative (LAI), and some games

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2: Curriculum and the Classroom

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homero Murzi, The University of Queenslad; Jurij Karlovsek, The University of Queensland; Bianey Ruiz, University of Táchira - Venezuela; Lilianny Virguez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; omar perez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

thatallows the team to provide with the most effective way to solve a problem.The purpose of this work in progress is to implement a teamwork effectiveness model tomanage large teams in a large lecture to promote teamwork competencies in engineeringstudents. Our focus was to provide structured team training addressing required individualand team competencies, designed under instructional strategies that allowed individuals theopportunity to experience real team situations (a problem-based design project) and have timefor reflection on their learning process. In this paper we focus on answering the followingresearch question:RQ: Do students’ perceptions of teamwork changed after receiving teamwork training in alarge lecture?Literature ReviewThe

Conference Session

Innovations in the IE Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise H. Bauer, University of Idaho, Moscow; Jessica L. Heier Stamm, Kansas State University; Lesley Strawderman, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

%), developing/writingfunctional specifications (56%), safety in product design (52%), and leadership (50%).Course design has been linked to student self-efficacy.7 In capstone design courses, problembased learning and reflective journaling have been shown to improve self-efficacy.2 By exposingstudents to the need for technical and professional skills, introducing them to the proper problemsolving approach, and allowing the course to support student development, students are morelikely to report high confidence in their own abilities.2This paper will build upon the previous literature and examine Industrial Engineering capstonecourses from across the nation. The researchers hope to identify characteristics of capstonecourses that positively affect

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Curriculum and Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kahina Lasfer, Stevens Institute of Technology; Arthur Pyster, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

to full-time NTTF. Figure 2. Main duties of SCSE full-time NTTF2. Comparison of the roles of SCSE full-time NTTF and TTTFAmong the 14 institutions that hire full-time full-time NTTF, 12 of them (85% response rate)provided the data needed to compare roles of SCSE TTTF and full-time NTTF within the last 5years. The comparison is summarized as follows: • 75% of full-time faculty at responding SCSE programs are TTTF, which is much higher than the corresponding percentage overall in US universities. • In 100% of the SCSE programs, TTTF are generally more active than full-time NTTF in research publications and research funding, reflecting the primary role full-time NTTF have supporting