Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ben D Radhakrishnan, National University; S.R. Subramanya

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

focuses on teaching sustainability development per the modern definitionencompassing Environment, Economics and Equity (or generally referred to as 3 Es). TheComputer Science programs focus on teaching the latest computing models, methods (includingmobile Apps) and cyber security. Both departments work together on research projects. Thisresearch will be one such combined project.Federal, state and local governments all have initiated some water conservation programs.Although there are some signs of success in some of these programs, majority of the public andespecially local governments have long ways to go before majority of the publics will be totallyon board and to have a program with continued success. Public awareness and education of

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pablo Biswas, Texas A&M International University; Runchang Lin, Texas A&M International University; Ramesh Hanumanthgari, Texas A&M International University; Sri Bala Vojjala

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

17 articles in numerical analysis and education in peer reviewed journals.Mr. Ramesh Hanumanthgari, Texas A&M International UniversityMiss Sri Bala Vojjala Page 25.457.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Development of a Virtual Teaching Assistant System Applying Agile MethodologyAbstractThis research describes a case study of a project to develop a web-based Virtual TeachingAssistant System (ViTAS) for college students and instructors. ViTAS, a digital homeworkassignments submission and grading system, is an innovative idea to provide

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Management / IE and EM Program Mangement / Engineering Management Program Management

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rose Mary Cordova-Wentling, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign; Raymond Price, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

engineering courses, communication skills are not taught explicitly;however, students are expected and held accountable for being able to speak and write well.Consequently, there is a need to change university engineering programs in order to provideopportunities for students to develop communication skills (Pet-Armacost, & Armacost, 2003).The importance and need for oral and written communication skills in engineering has beenclearly recognized. Engineering students who have good communication skills are more likelyto succeed and advance in the professional world than those who don’t.Team-Working Skills in EngineeringIn today’s work environment, project tasks generally involve the establishment of teams formedby people from different functional

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wyrick, Texas Tech; Adji Cisse, Texas Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

others to constitute avirtual team” [1]. With the concept of virtuality, the notion of “working together apart” [2]very well captures the essence of what the virtual world presents to organizations. In fact,people no longer have to be confined in the same continent, let alone building or room, inorder to work on a project. The new face of organizations is that of a much decentralizedgroup, with diverse sub-groups dispersed all over the four corners of the world. Virtualteams and networked organizations are the latest stage in the evolution of organization [3].Virtual teams are a type of small group. They differ from other small groups in forms ofcommunication, number of relationships, and in the ability to create in a global context.The

Conference Session

EM in a Global Environment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bramhall, Sheffield Hallam University; Steve Lawson, Leeds Metropolitan University; Ian Robinson, Sheffield Hallam University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

within SARTOR was implemented by an Institution, theInstitution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) required accredited courses to incorporate: ‘...business and management covering the organisation of industry, project management,finance and human behaviour; health and safety and environmental issues’.In addition: ‘...courses in business and management are essential components that should equip thegraduate to progress towards a position of responsibility. The objective is to develop thestudent’s awareness of the organisation of industry, finance, human behaviour and theengineer’s responsibility for health, safety and environmental issues’ 9.The impact of the influence of governmental bodies on the curriculum outlined above isdrawn from the

Conference Session

Innovations in the IE Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane M. Fraser, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Abhijit Gosavi, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

these programs overlap somewhat with the Industrial and SystemsEngineering model, sometimes including, for example, coursework on deterministic andstochastic models from operations research, engineering economy, simulation, and reliability.Overlap is also sometimes present with information technology in coursework in softwaresystems engineering.Among these INCOSE like programs, GWU uses Dr. Eisner’s books Essentials of Project andSystems Engineering Management6 and Managing Complex Systems,7 as well as Managing forthe Future1 by Ancona, Engineering Economy24 by Sullivan, and Making Hard Decisions5 byClemen. Textbooks used in core courses at MST include Systems Engineering and Analysis2 byBenjamin S. Blanchard and Wolter J. Fabrycky, Spreadsheet

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Browder, Bristol Tennessee Essential Services; Andrew J. Czuchry, East Tennessee State University; Leslie Boughers, Bristol Tennessee Essential Services; Caroline Deutsch, East Tennessee State University; Nina Muehl, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

to the voice of the customer to address marketing issues: Page 24.109.6Listening to the voice of the customers is one of the best practices that proved successful in ourapplied research. Since numerous six sigma projects have been discussed in the literature, thistechnique could be implemented in the Engineering Management curriculum at both theundergraduate and graduate levels. One caveat is important. General Electric and others thathave embraced six sigma projects have found the revolutionary changes leading to productinnovations diminish over time. Perhaps a systems approach works best by strategicallyseparating innovations into two

Conference Session

EMD Program Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francisco Gamboa Valderrama, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Tachira; Bianey Ruiz, University of Tachira; Dilia Alcalde, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Tachira

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

. Page 12.793.4 1. Group Test 5. Objective Test Assessment TEQ Achievement ECO (Group Characteristics) Assessment 6. Members Test 2. Task Project Interaction EIM Assignment Assessment Gantt Chart 7. Teacher Test 3

Conference Session

Engineering Management: Supply Chain, Systems Thinking, and Lean Initiatives

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonas Wullbrandt, Technical University Braunschweig (Germany), Institute for Advanced Industrial Management; Craig G Downing, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

, 2016 Stress Fracture: Adverse Effects of Lean InitiativesAbstractIn today’s highly competitive workplace, stress has become an important topic of interest due to itsnegative impacts on employee performance and health. As leaders attempt to create high performance andagile work environments, the importance of individual performance increases, which, in turn, relies onindividual employees’ well-being (health). This paper investigates to what degree, if any, prospectiveEngineering Managers understand the relationship between the implementation and execution of Leaninitiatives and increased levels of employee stress.The literature review associated with this project indicates that Lean activities can cause increased stressamong

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Curriculum and Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kahina Lasfer, Stevens Institute of Technology; Arthur Pyster, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2012-3342: A REVIEW OF NON-TENURE-TRACK, FULL-TIME FAC-ULTY AT SYSTEMS CENTRIC SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SCSE) PRO-GRAMSKahina Lasfer, Stevens Institute of Technology Kahina Lasfer is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Systems Engineering at Stevens Institute of Tech- nology. Her research area is based on analyzing and creating a systems-based approach for the graduate systems engineering education for the 21st century. She participated in many projects at the school of sys- tems and enterprises including a project to create a model curriculum in graduate software engineering. She has a master’s degree in computer engineering. She worked with Lucent Technologies as a Software Developer and Software Designer/Architect

Conference Session

EM Program Design

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn D. Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology; Anirban Ganguly, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

number of graduate engineering managers beingpart of project teams that involve a substantial amount of quality / process managementactivities. As a result, it has become imperative for any graduate EM program to includequality/process management as a part of their EM curriculum. These courses on quality/processmanagement introduce the graduating engineering manager to a plethora of quality/processmanagement topics. However, not all of them receive an equal emphasis by the instructor, norpotentially by the organization they join post graduation, as well. However, there is aconsiderable dearth of open literature on EM education discussing the relative importance ofquality/process management topics that are taught as a part of any graduate EM

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Management

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin High, Oklahoma State University; Paul Rossler, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

engineering malpractice.12Vjg"uvcpfctf"qh"ectg"ku"vjcv"Ðpqtocnn{"rquuguugf"d{"ogodgtu"qh"]vjg_"rtqhguukqp"0"0"0"kp"iqqf"uvcpfkpi0Ñ 13 A higher standard applies if the engineer represents that he has greateror less skill or knowledgeÑ"vjcp"vjcv"pqrmally possessed by members of the profession.14Engineer ing Malpr actice Examples There are numerous examples of engineering malpractice in published courtopinions. Many of these cases involve civil engineering practice as these engineering Page 12.643.3practitioners are typically licensed and in the public eye via public works projects. As anexample, consider the case of DOT v. Dupree. 256 Ga. App. 668

Conference Session

EM Program Trend and Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yesim Sireli, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; S. Gary Teng, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Ertunga Ozelkan, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

1). A: Availability of Research/Teaching Assistant (RA/TA) funding B: Application-oriented class content C: Up-to-date and real issues discussed in class D: Providing opportunities for students to involve in actual industrial practice E: Teaching systems thinking in class (business / management focus as well as engineering) F: Cooperative learning and teamwork in class G: Project-based learning H: Mailing EMGT posters to domestic and international academic institutions I: Funding for domestic and international conference/seminar/meeting attendance for the faculty J: Faculty’s efforts to produce journal articles K: Reduced teaching-load for the first

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1: Programs, Pedagogies, and Practices

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A. Cudney, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Susan L. Murray, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Brittany Groner, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Katie M. Kaczmarek, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Bonnie Wilt, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Kamaria Blaney, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Julie Phelps, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

, and Tau Beta Pi Honors Fraternity. She has been attending the university since August of 2013 and will complete her Bachelor’s Degree in Engineering Management in December of 2016.Miss Katie M. Kaczmarek, Missouri University of Science & Technology I am a student at Missouri University of Science and Technology where I am earning a Bachelor’s of Science in Engineering Management. I have work experience in Project Management and Lean Six Sigma. I am also Six Sigma Green Belt Certified.Bonnie Wilt, Missouri University of Science & Technology Bonnie Wilt is an undergraduate student in the Engineering Management department at Missouri Univer- sity of Science and Technology. She will graduate with honors in

Conference Session

Enhancing Engineering Management

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

La Tondra Murray, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

inother cohorts were weakest for both groups of respondents.Figure 2: Strength of connections with various groups MEMP Staff MEMP Faculty Campus MEMP Students Alumni Distance Students in Other Cohorts Current Students Distance Students in Own Cohort 0 1 2 3 4 5Key Activities for Relationship BuildingAn analysis of the activities positioning the students to establish the strongest relationships withtheir distance peers is presented in Figure 3. The campus residencies and group projects had

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology; Anirban Ganguly, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

repeatedlyobserved that most of the fresh graduate Engineering Managers generally enter an organizationnot just as a traditional hardcore engineer, but also as project managers, technical sales people,systems engineers, systems analysts, and so on (Abel, 2005; Farr and Kotnour, 2005). As aresult, the competencies of a typical engineering manager should extend well beyond thetraditional engineering skills to technical and managerial skills as well, and with the blurringboundaries between engineering/technology and management, these overlapping roles can proveto be very important for an organization to remain relevant in the modern economy.The rapidly growing importance of engineering managers in the industry has in turn led to agrowing importance of EM

Conference Session

Frontiers in EM Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ertunga C. Ozelkan, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Agnes Galambosi, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

students may use computer microphones/speakers/headphones or a Page 22.1151.6 phone line for real-time live communication. The students listen and view a presentation online. There can be web-cameras showing students and/or instructor presenting. • Mixed Online Teaching: This method mixes Asynchronous with several Synchronous learning components to deliver the lectures. e.g. instructor conducts a live web session at the beginning of the semester to get to know the students and their expectations better, and during the last class students present term projects

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division 1: The Practice of EMD

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lawrence M. Strenger, CATME; Behzad Beigpourian, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

has been official Technical Teacher at Ministry of Education in Iran from 2007 to 2018, and received many certificate in education such as Educational Planning, Developing Research Report, and Understanding School Culture. Mr. Beigpourian currently works in the CATME project, which is NSF funding project, on optimizing teamwork skills and assessing the quality of Peer Evaluations.Dr. Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering) Matthew W. Ohland is Associate Head and Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. He has degrees from Swarthmore College, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and the University of Florida. His research on the longitudinal study of

Conference Session

Examining the Synergy between Eng'g Mgmt & Sys Eng

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Weaver, University of Detroit Mercy; Michael Vinarcik, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

2006-2085: A CASE-BASED APPROACH TO SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE ANDENGINEERING EDUCATIONJonathan Weaver, University of Detroit Mercy JONATHAN M. WEAVER, PH.D. is an Associate professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Detroit Mercy (UDM). He received his BSME from Virginia Tech in 1986, his MSME and PhD in ME from RPI in 1990 and 1993, respectively. He has several years of industry experience and regularly consults with an automaker on projects related to CAD, DOE, and product development. He can be reached at weaverjm@udmercy.edu.Michael Vinarcik, University of Detroit Mercy MICHAEL J. VINARCIK, P.E. is an Interior Trim Engineer with Ford Motor Company and an adjunct faculty

Conference Session

Improving IE Course Content

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hung-da Wan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Yi-Ching Liao, University of Texas, San Antonio; Glenn Kuriger, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas, San Antonio (UTSA). He has been involved with lean implementation projects with several organizations. He has done lean work in the manufacturing, service, and other industries. He is also working to develop and teach a series of lean short courses that CAMLS is currently offering to industry. His current research interests include lean concepts, lean healthcare, lean simulation training games, simulation, operations research, and multi-criteria optimization. Page 25.1104.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012

Conference Session

Assessment and Accreditation in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy K. Zander, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

in the curriculum. Statics,computing, electrical science, thermodynamics and a course in materials (either materials scienceor strength of materials) are the most commonly incorporated traditional engineering courses inthe curriculum.As seen in Figure 4, all of the engineering management programs require a course in operationsand production management as well as a course in project management. A course in qualitymanagement is also a part of most of the curricula.Most engineering management curricula also have required courses that are more traditionallyconsidered to be business courses. The common business courses that are required are a coursein economics, and also accounting (cost, managerial or financial) and marketing.All schools also

Conference Session

Instructional Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John H. Ristroph, University of Louisiana, Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

obtain and organizeinformation at a national level that is not routinely available to academic decision makers,specifically industrial needs and how academic practices address those needs. This paperexamines each of these subjects in the following sections, and then discusses implementationstrategies.RelevancyIs engineering economics, or any other specific topic, relevant and how important is it?Traditionally, science has sought to provide knowledge, and engineers put that knowledge to apractical use. This would seem to make engineering economics relevant because two of theprimary criteria of the utility of an engineering project are: Does it work? Does it provide a return on its investment?Nonetheless, if the National Council of

Conference Session

EMD Curriculum Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stuart Kellogg, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

-time review and supplemental instructional support, theindustrial engineering department embarked on a long term project to provide online self-correcting modules in the areas of finance, entrepreneurship, economic valuation, andmanagement science tools. This paper discusses a strategy for designing web-based tutorialsthat can help provide an element of scaffolding necessary for a developmental approach whilesimultaneously addressing alternative learning styles. Tutorial examples along with preliminaryassessment results are provided.IntroductionCalls for greater accountability in higher education are more strident than ever. Although statedin a variety of formats, these calls may almost always be couched within two distinct butoverlapping

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University; Gordon Thomas Beverly III, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Paper ID #11205Improving Undergrad Presentation SkillsDr. Gene Dixon, East Carolina University Gene Dixon is a tenured Associate Professor at East Carolina where he teaches aspiring engineers at the undergraduate level. Previously he has held positions with Union Carbide, Chicago Bridge & Iron, E.I. DuPont & deNemours, Westinghouse Electric, CBS, Viacom and Washington Group. His work expe- rience includes project engineer, program assessor, senior shift manager, TQM coach, and production reactor outage planner, remediation engineer. He gives presentations as a corporate trainer, a teacher, and a motivational

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A Cudney, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Julie Ezzell

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Academy of Engineering(NAE) has identified that the engineers of 2020 need to have strong analytical and problemsolving skills while being readily adaptable to advancing technologies in a globally connectedworld (1). A classroom syllabus typically contains conventional lectures and a group project. Itmay also contain a business example provided by a guest lecture or case study. These currentteaching methods have displayed positive results, but barriers between academia and industrycan be made seamless by incorporating both advances in technology and motivational techniques(2) . Students will find the transition to be more cohesive after they have completed a curriculumthat facilitates superior student understanding.Initial Assessment: Learning

Conference Session

Programs and Pedagogies

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Piyush Taneja; Elnaz Safapour, University of Texas at Arlington; Sharareh Kermanshachi, University of Texas at Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Famagusta, Cyprus. Her areas of expertise are performance-based modeling, project delivery methods, communication networks, and uncertainty and risk analysis in design and construction of transportation projects. She also has industrial experience as a project manager in multiple building construction projects. Dr. Kermanshachi has con- ducted several research projects which were awarded by Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) and Construction Industry Institute (CII). Dr. Kermanshachi has received several prestigious national and regional awards, including the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Professional Service Award, ASCE Excellence in Education

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Czuchry, East Tennessee State University; Michael Parker, Bristol Tennessee Essential Services; Robert Bridges, B&W Y-12 Technical Services, LLC

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

courses in termsof importance to the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge. Then, they concluded that “four topics (a) Engineering Economics/Financial Management, (b) Management in TechnicalOrganizations, (c) Project Management, and (d) Operations Research” were important to mostprograms with “two additional topics common to the five to eight positions in both lists: (e)Strategic Management and (f) Organizational Behavior.” Interestingly, Environmental Policyand Sustainable Development were at the bottom of both lists at 28th and 22nd place respectively.This finding suggests that sustainability education was of minor importance for graduateengineering management programs prior to 2007. Some things may have changed. However,there is still an

Conference Session

IE and EM Program Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Mantey, University of California-Santa Cruz; RAM AKELLA, University of California-Santa Cruz; John Musacchio, University of California-Santa Cruz; Yi Zhang, University of California-Santa Cruz; Kevin Ross, University of California-Santa Cruz; Subhas Desa, University of California-Santa Cruz

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

either traditionalIndustrial Engineering Departments or Management Schools. While it has components incommon with both, these key features make it unique. TIM is focused on enhanced profitabilityand growth of firms through: ‚ The fusion of Knowledge Management (using information systems) with more traditionally-taught Operations and Strategy. ‚ Faculty and students with a deep understanding of technology obtained an engineering education and background. ‚ Active engagement with Silicon Valley firms through research, consulting and course projects and internships (amplified through our Silicon Valley presence).Other distinctive features of TIM are: ‚ The emphasis on integration of management science and expertise

Conference Session

Engineering Management Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

projects, teams and teamwork and reflective writing, this university will teachleadership identity development along with the knowledge, skills and abilities required of thenext generation of engineering leaders.IntroductionKouzes and Posner1 suggest that leadership is “everyone’s business”. East Carolina University(ECU) has committed to distinguishing itself by taking a unified institutional approach topreparing leaders. The ECU has identified itself as “The Leadership University” in its strategicposition and its marketing. As part of this position, the university seeks to define studentlearning outcomes related to leadership development in a way that is straightforward andadaptive while allowing academic units the flexibility to identify and

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quamrul H. Mazumder, University of Michigan, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

methods from the businessworld are analyzed for their usefulness in the academic world. Four different methods wereanalyzed, including Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma, Business ProcessReengineering (BPR), and Lean Manufacturing. “TQM was highly suited to improving thedepartmental processes to effect a transition to excellence, Lean Six Sigma provided a few buthighly effective methods for departmental improvement.” The use of Lean Six Sigma wasrevealed from their analysis of the Kukreja study. It was noticed that the data collection cyclewas too long and a great deal of time was necessary to complete the project. Since most studentsare only enrolled for four years, this did not work well with this required timespan. They proposemixing