Conference Session

Engineering Without Borders Programs Involving Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Iskandar Hack, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne; CARMEN BOJE, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

International

Page 11.691.9trends globally, culturally and economically. It was to develop a shared vision of engineering bythe year 2020 and several scenarios were developed to reflect the diversity of the future society. Exchange programs that encourage domestic students to study abroad, conduct research andexplore foreign cultures has been and continues to be an important component of the educationalexperience for U.S. graduates, who must be competitive with the global market. Therefore, it isnecessary that articulation agreements with universities overseas be established to ensure thatcourses are accepted for graduation requirements. In addition, providing students withinternational research internships can also help them think globally. The

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melany Ciampi; Claudio Brito, Council of Researches in Education and Sciences

Tagged Divisions

International

). Page 11.957.7As we can see in table 5, the investments in Science and technology are not so low. It is a largeCountry with deep differences among the regions, which makes it more interesting under thepoint of view of development. It is a Country with different stages of development among itsunits. It reflects in the Education too.Comparing with other smaller Countries like Japan it has a small attention to the development ofScience and technology. There are other variables that are subject for another paper and that willnot be discussed in this one.5. Engineering in Science and TechnologyBrazil is five hundreds years old with a history of races meeting to the construction of a peoples’identity marked by the diversity and cultural richness

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Scheibler, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Stephen Williams, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Joerg Mossbrucker, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Glenn Wrate, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Owe Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

International

involves the calculator or thecalibrator, it is a facile leap to a black and white worldview that allows little room for diversityand no quarter for deviancy.With little disruption and no damage to the integrity of the transfer of technical knowledge fromprofessor to student, an environment can be encouraged wherein a 50/50 (at least) worldviewmay be nurtured in an 80/20 framework. Posing questions about the environmental impact oftechnology consumes very little time or energy but may open a window of positive reflection to astudent trained to look only at efficiency of heat transference. A faculty member does not have Page 11.366.5to join Green

Conference Session

Preparing Engr Students for International Practice

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Gary Downey, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

and understanding among engineers. ABET criteria isbecoming widely considered and adopted abroad as reflected by the existing Washington Accordand the proposed Engineer of Americas initiative, both aimed at creating quality assurance inengineering education using ABET criteria to promote mobility across countries. Without 3L, apotential result of these initiatives is that engineering programs all over could end up observingsimilar outcome criteria but engineers from different countries will not understanding each other.3L minimizes this riskModify funding policies Engineering education community has become reliant on NSF funding for their curricular,programmatic, and reform activities. Hence we propose to add the CGC to the criteria

Conference Session

International Exchange/Joint Programs in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard McGinnis, Bucknell University; Jeffrey Evans, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

International

. Table 4 Exploring LondonPart I.Visit a train station and record the following observations: Where do the trains go? Describe the station architecture. Describe the neighborhood around the station? What evidence do you see of privatization? Be sure to get your travel card validatedPart II.Visit a London Park What are the activities of the patrons of the park? What sort of sections is the park divided into, that reflect intended uses of the park? Do the activities taking place in the park appear to match the intended uses? How might the time of day, and day of the week, affect what an observer sees?Part III.Visit any one from each of the following categories and note your observations

Conference Session

International Distance & Service Learning for Engineers- Discussion on Best Practices

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismet Anitsal, Tennessee Tech University; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University

Tagged Divisions

International

the entiresemester. Student tips are commonly used so that students learn the upcoming assignments anddue dates quickly.Findings of the IDEA EvaluationsAs reflected in Figure 3, Manufacturing and Industrial Technology students always enjoypracticing their learning in a laboratory environment. This means that professional skills andapplications are very essential. Topics in IDEA key factors related to social, cultural andpersonal values are not as important as other ones. For the MIT3301 course; applying coursematerials is the essential objective for the student progress. Gaining factual knowledge andlearning fundamental principles are selected as important course objectives.Online MIT3301 IDEA evaluation findings present parallel results when

Conference Session

Building Knowledge Based Economies: the Role of Industry-University-Government Partnerships

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Waugh, Hewlett-Packard Company; Claudia Morrell, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Russel Jones, World Expertise LLC; Nancy Hafkin, Knowledge Working

Tagged Divisions

International

Successiveprocess/method/assumption point/project Approximation/Discovery management Process/probability /predictabilityPlanning Precise Planning/ Successive Linear/Incremental Approximation/Action- Reflection cycles/DisruptiveChange Manage it Catalyze emergenceDecision-Making Leader decides Consensus emergesIn the context of the foregoing discussion, the goal of Engineering Africa! is to support andaccelerate the emergence of an African innovation ecosystem by helping to build the

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeff Scott Thomas; Nick M. Safai, Salt Lake Community College; Christopher F Thompson S.M.ASCE, Salt Lake Community College

Tagged Divisions

International

innovation projects.Conclusion FLL is an excellent opportunity for both Middle School and College aged students alike.By creating mutually beneficial partnerships between younger and older students, many skillsthat are neglected in traditional classrooms are given a fun and exciting environment to developin. The younger students have the chance to engage in research, brainstorming, computerprogramming and presentation, all as part of the overlying theme of open-ended problem solving– the college age students gain experience with team work, critical analysis, deliberations, large-scale event planning and reflective-organization shaping discussions. All of these great skillscombine with the chance for the younger generation to hear the wisdom

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asaad Mohamed, Auburn University; Emily Reynolds, Auburn University; Chetan S. Sankar, Auburn University; P.K. Raju, Auburn University; Nanda Kumar B.S.

Tagged Divisions

International

, these students will be more equipped with themulticultural experience and know-how compared to their peers. Page 25.670.17CreditsThe authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation (NSF#0966561) for fundingthis project. Great appreciation goes to Larsen and Toubro in Chennai, India, for facilitating ourwork on this project, especially Mr. Rajan Venkateswaran (Head of CEFD) as well as Mr.Nandakumar B. S. and Mr. Rajasekar Elangovan for their help and support.Disclaimer:The views and opinions expressed in this case study solely expressions of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the official policy or position of the National

Conference Session

Engineering Education in Africa and the Middle East

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Olaleye, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Emmanuel Abiodun, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Joseph Olusina, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Francis Derby, Pennsylvania State University-Lehman

Tagged Divisions

International

.,Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in Surveying andGeoinformatics as well as Master of Geoinformatics (MGIT-Executive programme) and aPostgraduate Diploma programme in Surveying and Geoinformatics (PGD).The need to change the name of the department was firstly due to the very narrow interpretationgiven the term "surveying" by the general public and the resulting difficulties in studentrecruitment. Secondly, to reflect the tremendous impacts that advances in technology andmodern surveying techniques have had on the surveying profession. The first concerted effort atrealizing this goal was made at a Faculty of Engineering Board of Studies meeting in the 1996/97session, in which many names were proposed. However

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio Brito, Council of Researches in Education and Sciences; Melany Ciampi, Organization of Researches in Environment, Health and Safety

Tagged Divisions

International

happens when the mind is capable to situate any information in aparticular context and if possible, in the universe that it is inserted. The fragmentation of thecomplex world in separated pieces, breaks up the problems restraining the multi dimensionalaspects and it has as result the decrease of the possibilities of comprehension and reflection,eliminating the opportunities of real learning. The science has developed itself in this kind ofknowledge fragmentation, generating the super specialties, divorced from the global context thatthey are part, atrophying the ability of integrating and evaluating the issue in its context. There isa loss of long-term prognoses, which has a straight incidence in the decisions and choices, whenthey are necessary

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott C Streiner, University of Pittsburgh; Sydnie Cunningham Cunningham, University of Tulsa; Shaobo Huang, University of Southern California; Svetlana Levonisova, University of Southern California; Cheryl Matherly, The University of Tulsa; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Daria A Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

International

standing,), educational background (e.g. university, major, QPA), travel abroad/international experiences (e.g. level of interest in international issues, foreign languageproficiency), and characteristics of the international experiences (e.g. programmatic elements ofexperiences such as duration, amount of reflection, and comfort zone). The background surveywill be used as independent predictor variables to help explain the results of the outcomeinstruments (EGPI and GPI). In addition, each site has recruited a comparison set of seniorengineering students who have not had an academic-based experience and a third sample ofincoming freshmen without international experience to provide a baseline. After analyzing thedata, a smaller subset of these

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education Cross-Cultural Awareness and Social Impacts

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council; Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization; Rosa Maria Castro Fernandes Vasconcelos, Universidade de Minho; Luis Alfredo Martins Amaral P.E., University of Minho; Victor Freitas de Azeredo Barros, Science and Education Research Council

Tagged Divisions

International

development in terms of niche choice and entrepreneurial initiatives.ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SEMINARThe course is designed to integrate each student’s educational experience (e.g., coreenvironmental courses, environmental electives, and environmental projects) in a capstoneseminar in Environmental Studies. Through seminar discussions and writing assignmentsstudents will critically reflect on what they learned in their previous courses and projectexperiences. In teams, students will prepare a final paper and presentation that critically engagestheir educational experience in environmental studies and anticipates how their courses andexperiences will translate into their future personal and professional environmental experiences.The content delivery of

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for the Global Workplace, Competency, and a Successful Career

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Shen, Purdue University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yating Chang, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

orienting experiences that help develop their cultural awarenessand orientation. This could include relevant activities “at home,” such as coursework orextracurricular experiences, or short-term travel programs. Second, instructors and programadministrators should be mindful of the different levels of cultural awareness and appreciationthat exist among participants in global educational experiences, and use this knowledge to tuneorientation and program activities accordingly. To support development of global competency,students should be provided with a variety of reflective learning opportunities that allow them toengage, understand, and appreciate cultural differences.Our study also points to numerous opportunities for further research, some of

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace and Successful Graduates for a Flat World: What Does It Take?

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University; Hien Nguyen, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

International

way engineers willwork will reflect an ongoing evolution that began to gain momentum a decade ago.”1The problems that engineers are called upon to solve and the composition of teams will likelyhave a strong international character. Engineers will be called upon to work on internationalprojects, such as those relating to environmental crises. In a 2008 National Science Foundationsummit on why engineers need to be educated as global citizens, several “urgent” globalproblems were listed that need engineers with global training. These problems included thepopulation of space, global climate change, sustainable development of the under-developedregions of the world, terrorism, and outsourcing of manufacturing jobs.4,5In order to work on challenges

Conference Session

Towards Global Competency for Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vukica Jovanovic, Trine University; Thomas H. DeAgostino, Trine University; M. Brian Thomas P.E., Trine University; R. Thomas Trusty II, Trine University

Tagged Divisions

International

of competency factorsand the developmental path of global awareness; from the deficiency stage of ignorance to anideal high level of competence known as adaptability7. Cultural intelligence reflects a capabilityto gather and manipulate information, draw inferences, and enact behaviors in response to one’scultural setting. To be culturally adaptive, a core set of cultural competencies must be mastered.To achieve the adaptation level, skills that include cognition, motivation and behavior have to bedeveloped7. Young professionals need to learn a variety of information about diverse cultures Page 25.490.4and their cultural customs (cognitive

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zupeng Zhou, Guilin University of Electronic Technology; Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

International

ofstudent in the EETP is estimated according to the other data derives from reference 5, 25, 26, 27,28, and 29 with prediction and estimation. The prediction and estimation may not be accuratehowever it reflects the tendency at least.Since 1999, the Chinese government has started the policy of increasing the number of universitystudents spread geographically around the country. According to the statistics of the EducationMinistry in China, since 1998, the infrastructure increase in China has moved into a rapid growthperiod due to the increase of students. Since then, the hardware (infrastructure in ChineseUniversities) has been greatly enforced. From 2002 to 2006, the area of universities haveincreased from 1 million one hundred and twenty thousand

Conference Session

Accreditation, Program Evaluation, and Education Resource's Impact in Latin America

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoff Wright, Brigham Young University; Ron Terry, Brigham Young University; Steven L Shumway, Bringham Young University; Richard G. Helps, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

other students and professors that I was able to come to know and work with continue to stay in touch and have become very good friends and sources for help now and in the future. • My participation continues to help me reflect on my teaching practices and develop as a professional. Personally, I was able to change my attitudes and beliefs about learning and develop a greater awareness of myself as a student and a teacher. A variety of social skills were developed thanks to the opportunity to work in groups and teams. I believe I developed as well in my motivation to teach and to continue to serve globally and in my own community. • I learned a lot about my teaching style. I’ve never been up

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dena Lang, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Meg Handley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Andrew Michael Erdman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; John Jongho Park, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mariza Tsakalerou, Nazarbayev University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

other twosub-scales reflects greater ability to deal with this cultural factor. That is the higher scorereflects greater comfort with cultural differences.In a follow-up report, using additional pooled data, Bielefeldt (2008) indicates within freshmanstudents, females had significantly higher scores in all three sub-scales of the M-GUDS-Scompared with males. Male students raised outside the U.S. had significantly higher scores forDiversity of Contact compared with students raised primarily within the U.S. Comparison ofwhite students to all other students indicated that non-white students had higher Diversity ofContact scores. Comparisons of freshman and senior/graduate students indicated higher scoresfor Diversity of Contact and overall UDO in

Conference Session

Cultural Issues in Engineering: International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Miguel Andres Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Homero Murzi, Virginia Tech; Johnny C. Woods, Jr., Virginia Tech; Abram Diaz-Strandberg, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

, 2018.[8] C. J. Groen, D. R. Simmons, and E. D. McNair, “Disciplinary influences on the professional identity of civil engineering students: Starting the conversation,” in American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, 2016.[9] F. Barth, “The analysis of culture in complex societies,” Ethnos, vol. 54, no. 3–4, pp. 120– 142, 1989.[10] B. Pfau-Effinger, “Culture and welfare state policies: Reflections on a complex interrelation,” Journal of social policy, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 3–20, 2005.[11] L. Cronk, That complex whole: Culture and the evolution of human behavior. Routledge, 2019.[12] M. A. Guerra and T. Shealy, “Teaching User-Centered Design for More Sustainable Infrastructure Through Role-Play and

Conference Session

International Case Studies:Collaborations, Exchanges & Interactions

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Echempati, Kettering University; Butsch Michael, FH-Konstanz, Germany

Tagged Divisions

International

(assignments, exams, projects, etc) exhibiting the achievement of certain skills and abilities. They also fill out a “competency matrix” upon completion of the course, to help students reflect on their learning. This matrix features specific outcomes, of which the course may target some, and provides the ME program with students’ perception on where and how these outcomes were achieved. All students are expected to submit this portfolio up on return from a study abroad program directly to the Director of Study Abroad Programs. 2. A meeting will take place (students and coordinator) on a certain convenient day during the terms following the study abroad term at Kettering to

Conference Session

Technical Capacity Bldg for Developing Countries & Service Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Jordan, Baylor University; Glenn Blalock, Baylor University; Walter Bradley, Baylor University; Cynthia Fry, Baylor University; Anne Grinols, Baylor University; Brian Thomas, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

International

. Since the content wasprovided, each team focused on delivery only. In class, the teams gave their presentations, andall were video recorded. Faculty provided critique and non-presenting teams provided peerfeedback. Then, all teams watched the video recording. Finally, all teams repeated theirpresentations. The lead faculty for professional speaking supplied final written feedback, inaddition to the team grade.One week later, each student team prepared a second presentation, this one based on coursecontent that is coordinated with the writing assignment just completed. Three more presentations,all content-based, followed throughout the semester, reflecting the students’ growing body ofinformation and analysis on their engineering projects. Each

Conference Session

Educating Graduates in Engineering for a Flat World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Mariasingam, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Thomas Smith, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Tagged Divisions

International

, entrepreneurship and leadershipEngineering education of today is still rooted in the skills required to support the workenvironment of the 1950s when manufacturing was the predominant engineering activity.Engineering education has not changed to meet the needs of current work environment whereservice sector dominates the economic activities8. This is clearly reflected, as table [Table 1]below shows, in the glaring differences in the perceptions the industry and education have of theskills engineers need.Table 1. The emphasis given by employers and by academics to the desired skills of universitygraduates9.Not long ago, when engineers were working in mostly regional operations, the above skills weresufficient for them to perform effectively but not now in

Conference Session

Technical Capacity Bldg for Developing Countries & Service Learning / International Division Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fazil Najafi, University of Florida; James Carlsen, University of Florida; Meghan Ritter, University of Florida; Nick Safai, Salt Lake City College

Tagged Divisions

International

mulch. If there is an excess, theleftovers are used as cover for the landfill.Recyclables are collected in a very different way. Since Escambia County’s Solid WasteManagement Department is responsible for recyclable waste collections, they have 17 drop offsites that residents can take their recycling to. These drop-off sites are placed around the countyto make recycling easier for the public. Since these drop-off centers are used by all residents ofthe county, the number of households will be changed to reflect the entire county. The numberof households is 111,10014. Once a week these bins are emptied and the contents are taken to therecycling center. For the FY07, there were 3,477 tons of recyclable materials collected. TheSolid Waste

Conference Session

International Initiatives, Partnerships, Teaching Strategies & Collaborative Networks (IUCEE, IFEES, LACCEI.... )

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria M. Larrondo Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Jose Carlos Quadrado, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa; Lueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard; Hans Hoyer, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

International

Engineering Education engineering societies to Organization: the challenges of the 21st century coverage periodically to programs to reflect the promote activities in University and the needs of the immediate harmonize needs of the societal African countries on society ideas/programs to growth engineering education - To improve teaching/learning bridge groups in Global - Research and - AEEA to collaborate with in engineering education through Engineering Education development activities Global Engineering1 the use of hands on

Conference Session

International Initiatives, Partnerships, Teaching Strategies & Collaborative Networks (IUCEE, IFEES, LACCEI.... )

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andy Ward, Ohio State University; Ann Christy, Ohio State University; Robert J. Gustafson; Jessica D'Ambrosio; Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

International

Conference Session

International Study Abroad Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E James Nelson, Brigham Young University; Rollin Hotchkiss, Brigham Young University; Lourdes Manley, Brigham Young University; Oscar Dzul, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas; Joshua Draper, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

requirement. Therefore, those people were put in groups with others who do speakSpanish. This enabled those who did not speak Spanish to contribute and communicate with theirMexican teammates without having to learn the language and might explain why learningSpanish had a much lower score than the other goals. In future surveys this question will beapproached differently so that it reflects distinctively the feelings of those who speak Spanishfluently and those who do not. Page 14.451.10 Technical Competence 3.8 3.8 Language

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Developments, Implementations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aurenice Oliveira, Michigan Technological University; Ivan Lima, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

International

majorskills, and in such way be prepared for the global market place2, 8, 14, 15.The challenges and opportunities in forming global engineers for the Americas were discussed ina recent workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Latin Americanand Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions (LACCEI). The outcomes andrecommendations based on this workshop were reported by Esparragoza et al.8. Brito et al.6make a comparative analysis based upon recent international conferences on engineeringeducation held in Brazil to demonstrate the role of international cooperation in the disseminationof new approaches in engineering education worldwide. This series of conferences reflects theeffort of the Brazilian’s educators

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gholam Ali Shaykhian, Florida Institute of Technology; Jinan Ziade, Westcliff University; Mohd Abdelgadir Khairi, Najran University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

andindividualism [32]. In many individualistic cultures, practices reflecting the ethic resulted in self-esteem and a new spirit of enterprise, commitment, and excellence [49]. As defined in theHofstede study [35], the United States has low power distance, weak masculine, and weakuncertainty avoidance dimensions compared to the Arab nations, characterized as having highpower distance, strong masculine traits, and high uncertainty avoidance [35]. Elenkov [25]suggested that the culture-specific way people deal with lower power distance and uncertaintyavoidance is important and may be indicative of intra-country, i.e., economic activities within thecountry. Franke [27], and Hofstede [36] similarly noted that in general, rich nation’s scores showlow power

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guoyang Zhang; Jiabin Zhu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Yang Da Wei

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

my life that everybody from neighbors to families, everybody came toyour house and you had food together, such delicious food all over the table, thatexperience, I think, I'm never gonna to get again. I really felt home and I really felt thatyou know, fireworks and all that for the Chinese culture in the Chinese New Year. ButI think the Chinese culture might be similar to our culture. Pakistan is also in Asia. Werespect our ancestors, respect our parents our professors, whoever teaches us, really,have the highest respect.” -- PhillipSkills DomainIn the skill domain, students’ perception of their learning gains mainly reflected in thefollowing aspects: software