Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Mou Deng Riiny, SunGate Solar

Tagged Divisions

International

teaching and doing research. She is on the USD team implementing ”Developing Changemaking Engineers”, an NSF-sponsored Revolutionizing Engineering Education (RED) project. Dr. Lord is the 2018 recipient of the IEEE Undergraduate Teaching Award.Mr. Mou Deng Riiny, SunGate Solar American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021Learning about Solar Power in South Sudan: An International CollaborationAbstractMore than 1 billion people in the world currently live in energy poverty. Solar energy has vastpotential for South Sudan but there are challenges to implementing it. How can students andothers such as technicians learn about the context of South Sudan and the particular

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vijay Renganathan, Institute of International Education; Lester Gerhardt, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Peggy Blumenthal, Institute of International Education; Allen Greenwood, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

International

of their different nature in different cultural contexts.7Government-Initiated Study Abroad as a Mechanism to Develop GlobalCompetenceThere have been, over the past century, many efforts to use study abroad to expandglobal competence of American students. Government efforts generally have beenfield-neutral. Most prominent among these is the Fulbright Program, created in 1947and administered by IIE on behalf of the US Department of State. As a broad field-neutral program, it has become largely a vehicle for US students in the humanities andsocial sciences to obtain a global perspective. In the past three application cycles forthe US Student Fulbright Program (for graduate-level projects and teachingassistantships), 8.2 % of applicants, and

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Developments, Implementations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Parkinson, Brigham Young University; John Harb, Brigham Young University; Spencer Magleby, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

to practice engineering in a global context, whether through an international internship, a service-learning opportunity, a virtual global engineering project or some other form of experience. Explanation: Whereas the other attributes focus on knowledge or understanding, this dimension focuses on practice. Many of the above attributes have to be practiced to achieve competence.13. View themselves as “citizens of the world,” as well as citizens of a particular country; appreciate challenges facing mankind such as sustainability, environmental Page 14.455.7 protection, poverty, security, and public health. Explanation: As

Conference Session

International Initiatives, Partnerships, Teaching Strategies & Collaborative Networks (IUCEE, IFEES, LACCEI.... )

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bhushan Trivedi; Maria M. Larrondo Petrie

Tagged Divisions

International

Davidson, 11. Computer Security, and and University of Virginia Modern Compilation 12. P. V. Krishnan, 12. Principles of Effective Teaching GIW Industries and LearningJuly 13. Andrew Mason, Michigan State Univ. 13. VLSI 7 14. William Oakes, 14. Engineering Design Projects in Purdue University Community Service 15. Vijay Kanabar, Boston University 15. Project Management: Security 16. Mani Venkata, University of Washington 16. Electric Energy and Power 161 17. World Bank and World Bank Institute 17

Conference Session

Engineering Education in India, Central and Eastern Asia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bob Lahidji, Eastern Michigan University; Walter Tucker, Eastern Michigan University; Jianhua wang, Eastern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

International

Michigan University. Dr. Wang has received his Ph.D. of Mechanical Engineering at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1994. He has BS and MS from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China in 1985. Dr. Wang has worked in industry with CAD/CAE/CAM for more than 10 years. Dr. Wang has extensive research on variational geometry and parametric and constrained design. Recently, he has been involved with numerous automotive interior design projects and has held several patents on the auto interior components, which are extensively used in current models. Dr. Wang has extended the design and engineering of automotive parts to the logistics and supply chain

Conference Session

Revealing the Invisible: Engineering Course Activities that Address Privilege, -Isms, and Power Relations (Interactive Session)

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Alejandro Mejia, University of San Diego; Diana A. Chen, University of San Diego; Odesma Onika Dalrymple, University of San Diego; Susan M Lord, University of San Diego

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity, Faculty Development Constituency Committee

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education, International, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Minorities in Engineering

undergraduates in class.User-Centered DesignUser-Centered Design (UCD) is a required course for all engineering majors taken during eitherthe second semester of the first-year or the first semester of the second-year. It introducesstudents to strategies for identifying the needs, capabilities and behaviors of a user group, anddeveloping designs that reflect the empathy gained for the user group to address their needs. Itincludes iterative design methods to elicit user requirements, generate alternative designs,develop low-fidelity prototypes, and evaluate designs from the perspective of the users. Theculminating course project involves students developing relationships with and designing anengineering innovation that meets the needs of users in the

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siqing Wei, Purdue University; Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University; Behzad Beigpourian, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Understanding School Culture. Mr. Beigpourian currently works in the CATME project, which is NSF funding project, on optimizing teamwork skills and assessing the quality of Peer Evaluations. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019Examining the cultural influence on peer ratings of teammates between international and domestic studentsAbstractEffective teamwork behaviors are considered critical by employers hiring engineers and globallydiverse teams have become intertwined in many technical endeavors. Complicating the use ordevelopment of team skills in this environment, ethnic and cultural differences influence teaminteractions and their measurement. This work is an exploratory study of the

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shweta Chopra, Iowa State University; Prashant Rajan, Iowa State University; Chad M Laux, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

one and two worked with variousgovernment and private sectors investigating the role of technology adoption and innovation inimproving the efficiency of agricultural supply chain addressing the issue of global food security. This research highlights the potentials and challenges of conducting research in globalsetting. Additionally, the authors have developed a model that can be adapted by engineering andtechnology scholars to conduct research effectively in global environment. Furthermore thispaper includes different ways in which international collaborators can be efficiently involved inthe project (i) before reaching the field, (ii) during the field research and (iii) once the researcherhas left the field. This helps build

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qunqun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Jiabin Zhu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Bo Yang

Tagged Divisions

International

projects andcross-cultural internship opportunities [3, 7]. These types of international collaborativeprograms offer students with diverse learning experiences and international experiences. Page 26.885.2Despite the wide scope of international collaboration in engineering education, currently theassessment of these efforts focuses on students’ academic performance or extracurricularexperience. Students’ high level of thinking or their personal epistemology was rarelyinvestigated. Considering the potential influences on one’s epistemic thinking from diverselearning experiences[8], and considering the critical role of personal epistemology in

Conference Session

Nontraditional Teaching Approaches

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cedrick Kwuimy, University of Cincinnati; Jeff Kastner, University of Cincinnati; Yuan Chen, Center for Enhancement of Teaching and Learning, Chongqing University, China

Tagged Divisions

International

funded research projects focus on the development nonlinear dynamics approaches for the detection of faults in bearing and gear systems at the Villanova Center for Analytics of Dynamic Systems (VCADS) in PA. He graduated from the University of Yaounde 1 in Cameroon and then completed a Certificate in Teaching Engineering in Higher Education at Villanova University. Dr. Kwuimy is interested in vibration analysis and in the use of nonlinear dynamics tools to improve the early detection of fault in complex nonlinear systems. In the latest, his focus is on engineering systems (gear systems, bearings) and biological systems (vibration in human-arm, human diseases). In vibration analysis, his focus is on the conversion

Conference Session

Engineering Without Borders Programs Involving Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Johnson, Valparaiso University; Sarah DeMaris, Valparaiso University; Doug Tougaw, Valparaiso University

Tagged Divisions

International

minoritystudents than is average for engineering. Page 11.1052.2URI takes a linguistically-integrated approach to the international experience, but manyinternational experiences, usually with a smaller linguistic component, are offered by institutionsacross the country. Some of these include exchange trips to visit industries, tour academicfacilities and hear lectures by local faculty [3][4]; design projects involving students workingtogether from the U.S. and abroad [5]; study-abroad programs that focus on engineering studentstaking classes through international institutions [6][7][8]; and internships for engineers to workfor an extended period of time

Conference Session

International Distance & Service Learning for Engineers- Discussion on Best Practices

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismet Anitsal, Tennessee Tech University; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University

Tagged Divisions

International

as a separate handout.WebCT materials prepared for the MIT3301 course also have its pre-requisite materials so thatstudents refresh their past learning. Although the majority of the course is based on theindividual practices, it is a requirement for the students to prepare and submit their finalindustrial design projects with a team. Teams are formed with two-to-four students.Course students practice various communication mechanisms during the semester. There aremany discussions made on the final projects although there is a very minimal discussion on theclass assignments. E-mail and chat tools are also popularly practiced communication tools duringthe semester.In order to announce the course schedule, the course calendar is fully filled for

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education Cross-Cultural Awareness and Social Impacts

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer DeBoer, MIT; Glenda S Stump, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Frances Carter-Johnson, MIT, Teaching and Learning Laboratory; Gayle Allen Ed.D., BrightBytes; Lori Breslow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the U.S. Department of Education, she is also repeatedly invited to provide funding, proposal, and application preparation training for undergraduate and graduate students.Gayle Allen Ed.D., BrightBytesDr. Lori Breslow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lori Breslow is the founding Director of the Teaching & Learning Laboratory (TLL) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. An internationally recognized expert in teaching and learning in higher edu- cation, she conducts research on the development, diffusion, and assessment of educational innovation, particularly in science and engineering. She is currently leading a joint MIT-Harvard research project to analyze data

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xavier Shastri Domnique Henry, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra Ph.D., University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

International

oftourism, urbanization, and agriculture have resulted in reduced biodiversity, land degradation,hydrological changes, and reduced water quality. The need to protect valuable resources withoutstalling national development has lead to the implementation of the sustainable island resourcemanagement mechanism (SIRMM) project in the twin-island nation. The SIRMM, a projectbased largely upon remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS), seeks todocument the islands’ resources and will allow for integrated ecosystems management in allsubsequent major development. To date, most of the terrestrial resources observed from the RSaerial imagery have been confirmed via extensive surveys. However, those resources occurringbelow the waves have

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Clauss, Grove City College; Blair Allison, Grove City College; Mark Reuber, Grove City College; Stacy Birmingham, Grove City College; Vincent DiStasi, Grove City College

Tagged Divisions

International

used to deliver the Power Pointpresentation and annotations for Fluid Mechanics. With both software applications, thepresentations were projected onto a large screen at both sites allowing students to see all noteswritten by the professor while listening to the lecture. The ability to write on the TabletPC wascritical for these instruction applications.Two additional courses, a junior level instrumentation laboratory course and EngineeringManagement, were taught by one of the resident professors. The junior Mechanical Engineeringlab course (taken by all junior mechanical engineers) made use of equipment brought fromGrove City College as well as available through labs at the University of Nantes. TheEngineering Management course incorporated

Conference Session

Technical Capacity Bldg for Developing Countries & Service Learning / International Division Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fazil Najafi, University of Florida; James Carlsen, University of Florida; Meghan Ritter, University of Florida; Nick Safai, Salt Lake City College

Tagged Divisions

International

received from Princeton University his Ph.D. in Engineering (Multidisciplinary), also MS in Aerospace, MS in Mechanical, MSE in Civil Engineering, and an MSE in Reservoir Engineering/Water Resources (all from Princeton University), as well as a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Michigan State. Prior to joining the academics, Nick worked in industry, where he served as Director of the Reservoir Engineering at Chevron Oil Corporation in California. He has taught both at the graduate and undergraduate levels in engineering science. He has performed research projects for the Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense (DOD), National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Oil Industry. He has

Conference Session

International Case Studies, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shi (Stan) Lan, DeVry University-Chicago; Yaqing Mao, Beijing Normal University, China

Tagged Divisions

International

, catching up projects, etc.?(2c) Was there an interaction of students in either country (China versus the United States) andtheir gender difference (female versus male) in regard to the average number of hours they spendweekly studying outside the classroom on reading, researching, doing homework, catching upprojects, etc.?(2d) For each gender group studied in this research, was there a statistically significant differencebetween students in China and students in the United States in regard to the average number ofhours they spent weekly studying outside the classroom on reading, researching, doinghomework, catching up projects, etc.? Page

Conference Session

International Educational Experiences (1)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M. Ebenstein, Bucknell University; Margot A. Vigeant, Bucknell University; Jeffrey C. Evans P.E., Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

International

the host country and chosen theme, while maintaining consistency of thecourse from year-to-year. The learning goals generally used for each of the offerings over theperiod under study are:1. Develop a historic perspective on the development of [COUNTRY] from [appropriate historical period] times to the present.2. Understand the limitations of technology and how today’s engineering solutions can become tomorrow’s societal problems.3. Understand how language, traditions, customs, and culture impact engineering projects and products.4. Understand how projects in one country can be affected by policies, laws, and customs of other countries.5. Understand how political, financial, and environmental constraints affect the design and

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Daniel Manser, University of South Florida; Colleen Claire Naughton, University of South Florida; Matthew E Verbyla; Christine Prouty, University of South Florida; Kevin Orner, University of South Florida; James R. Mihelcic, University of South Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

University, Lehigh University,University of Texas–Tyler, University of Rhode Island, Michigan Technological University andUniversity of Pittsburgh also have developed curriculums that cultivate core global competencyskills through intensive coursework, projects and/or thesis work, and international study-abroadexperiences. The main issue with some of these programs, however, is the duration of theinternational experience and the amount of training that the student receives before embarkingabroad. In 2012, 341,284 U.S. students participated in some form of international study abroadprogram (4% engineering discipline), however less than 1% of the total served or studied abroadfor more than one academic year3. Comparative studies have demonstrated the

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tony Lee Kerzmann, Robert Morris University; Casey James McAndrew; Kendra Slis; Maria Elisabeth French; Katelyn Maione P.E., Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

International

for the students by allowing themto visualize the concept, learn about how to conduct such a large scale experiment, and to learnabout the aspects that affect the future success of such a project. Aside from these renewableresource site visits, the FLEAP allotted for cultural and historic site visits as well15.Culturally, students were exposed to three cities within Germany where they went on historicalsite visits, worked through language barriers each day, and immersed themselves in an entirelynew world bothsocially andemotionally.Theseexperiences aremeant to givestudents a betterunderstandingof culturaldifferences, andsensitivity todifferent normsthroughout theworld.Throughout the Figure 3: Adlershof Science

Conference Session

Global Engineering in an Interconnected World

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Rosentrater, USDA-ARS; Radha Balamuralikrishna, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

International

Shewhart [73, 74], which have founduniversal appeal in traditional global manufacturing. Due to the inherent nature of the presenceof a number of variables and possible varied levels of their existence involved in bio-basedmanufacturing, quality techniques such as the design of experiments and Taguchi studies [75]become highly relevant for process innovation and improvement. Knowledge in these and otherbasic quality principles is a prerequisite in most engineering and technology degree programs, soextending these concepts to include bio-based manufacturing can be accomplished with relativeease.Management/business concepts such as strategic project planning, project scheduling, andproject management are indispensable in the operation of successful

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Said Abubakr, Western Michigan University; Dewei Qi, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

International

, engineering Page 12.534.3seminars, engineering field trips, student presentation and final written report and exam.All lectures, seminar, field trips, presentations and exam should be carried out at thehosting universities. A course Pack focused on the culture and language was developedand required reading by participants during pre-visit orientation.20 students participated in the program last year and we are planning to attract 20 WMU studentsto participate in this program in 2007.The program itinerary is given below.ImpactThis project will certainly enhance the international reputation of WMU in engineering teaching,learning and research. WMU

Conference Session

Accreditation, Program Evaluation, and Education Resource's Impact in Latin America

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmundo Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CIF Q2818015F; Jorge A. Lopez-Vargas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; Nelson O Piedra, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja; Janneth Alexandra Chicaiza, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja

Tagged Divisions

International

Computer Science UTPL. He is a member of Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Web and Knowledge Based Systems of UTPL, and director of thesis projects third level (related to Semantic Web Services, Web 2.0 and Social Network Analysis). He has conducted research in Open Educational Resources Online, Knowledge Representation Models and Social Network Analysis. Lopez-Vargas is a scholarship holder of the National Secretariat of Sci- ence and Technology (SENESCYT). In the Projects Unit and Systems UPSI - UTPL, he was an Analyst / Programmer Academic Management System, until 2004.Mr. Nelson O Piedra, Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaProf. Janneth Alexandra Chicaiza, Universidad T´ecnica Particular de Loja

Conference Session

Engineering Education and Comparative Studies at Universities throughout Asia, Far East

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Ratnajeevan Herbert Hoole P.E., Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

International

Kilinochchi were alienated by thegovernment for the faculty.It was the time when civil engineering was booming through river diversion projects in SriLanka and jobs in the Middle East and Africa. Thurairajah had come from an older era wherecivil engineering had large labs with models of fluid channels almost 40 m long. Accordinglyland had been allocated as recommended. But Thurairajah could not build up the faculty eventhen. Although the government approved the faculty with the assumption of protection from theIndian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF), the Tamil Tiger rebels began an insurgency against theIPKF disrupting the region with a bloody secondary conflict.5 Thurairajah was wooing this writeron a visit to California in 1989 to come as a department

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Lisa A. Nutt, Robert Morris University; Tony Lee Kerzmann, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

International

travelled to Bremen andmet with some faculty from the University of Bremen. While staying in Bremen they visited withUniversity of Bremen professors that were working on ecological sustainability projectsincluding a project called ReviTech where reused coffee bags were packed with organic materialand seeds that would allow plant growth in almost any environment (as shown in Figure 7).These bags were designed to stop the spread of deserts and in some cases even reclaim portionsof the desert. Bremen also served as a home base for the group, where they were able to travel toand from the nearby city of Bremerhaven. Bremerhaven is arguably the leading city in offshorewind turbine production throughout the world. The group was able to tour some of the

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane M. Fraser, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Alejandro Teran, Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM); Hoa Thi Pham, International University - Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City

Tagged Divisions

International

evaluation universities; accreditation of government regulated undergraduate and graduate programs; and issuance of recommendations on institutional projects for new public universities. CONEAU also processes provisional and final applications for authorization of private institutions. It is also responsible for providing recognition to private agencies for university evaluation and accreditation. CONEAU grants accreditation to undergraduate programs issuing degrees for government regulated professions, whose exercise could endanger the health, safety, rights, property or education of the country's inhabitants. The Ministry of Education, upon recommendation of the University Council, defines which

Conference Session

Implementing Transfer, Exchange, Research Programs and Professional Development; in Asia and Far East

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Albert Sanger, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Julia Ziyatdinova, Kazan National Research Technological University; Svetlana Vasilievna Barabanova, Kazan National Research Technological University; Vasiliy G. Ivanov, Kazan National Research Technological University

Tagged Divisions

International

projects are implemented in the Republic and many new enterprises are constructed on the territory of the Republic including large petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. The state requirements for ecological and industrial safety at the enterprises have significantly grown in the last decade. However, the university graduates, and even experienced workers are not familiar with the latest regulations. Therefore there arises a need for special professional development courses. Kazan National Research Technological University (KNRTU) has expertise in this field, and Institute of Additional Professional Education develops special programs in Ecological Safety. The professional development program in Ecological Safety was developed in 2006 and

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sylvia Jons, Institute of International Education; Edward Randolph Collins Jr. P.E., Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #32973Global STEM Partnerships via Consortium Models for Resilience During aPandemicSylvia Jons, Institute of International Education Sylvia Jons is a Global Programs and Fellowships Lead on the Higher Education Initiatives team at IIE and also serves as a Manager in IIE’s Center for International Partnerships. Sylvia leads global STEM and Engineering Education Programs including IIE’s Global E3 Consortium and the IIE-GIRE (Graduate International Research Experiences) Fellowship. She also oversees IIE’s Centennial Fellowship and other initiatives and projects in the higher education space. At IIE, Sylvia has

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mike Murphy; Michael Dyrenfurth, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

International

scholarship: Any creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge transfer, or to develop new materials useful for teaching and learning, or to add to the stock of creative works and includes applied, oriented and basic research, consultancy and experimental development.This definition is used because it is broad and inclusive. It covers thecategories of research (including basic or applied); professional andcreative practice (including architecture, design, consultancy, etc.) andknowledge and technology transfer (including development projects andother forms of innovation).There are other relevant definitions of research and scholarly activity, forexample that

Conference Session

International Engineering Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rafiqul Islam, Northwestern State University

Tagged Divisions

International

graduates is considered as a major indigenoustechnological base upon which economic growth in the world can be achieved. As a result, abase of competent technical workforce will facilitate the investment of foreign capital throughthe multinational companies. The qualified engineers and technologists not only utilize theforeign aid funds effectively towards infrastructure projects but also start up small businesses1. Page 12.699.2Globalization dictates the graduate engineers and technologists to practice in venues other thanthe one in which they were educated and initially licensed. Employers are also concerned aboutthe need for understanding and