Conference Session

Global Studies, Initiatives, and Study Abroad Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Eileen Van Aken, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

from Brazilian universities, (iv) experiences of students, and (v) an“International Engineering Certificate” which is under development for undergraduate studentsin the College of Engineering.1.0 IntroductionAn International Faculty Development Program (IFDP) has been implemented at Virginia Techsince 2005 to encourage and train faculty to internationalize the university’s curricula. The leadauthor represented the College of Engineering on the first cohort of IFDP which included 13faculty from various colleges across the university and co-authored the cohort’s report thatincluded various recommendations to internationalize curricula [1]. As a result of participating inthe IFDP, the lead author led various initiatives targeted at

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Cross-cultural Awareness and Social Impacts

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health, and Environment Research Organization; Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council

Tagged Divisions

International

America,” ”Who’s Who in Science and Engineering,” ”Five Thou- sand Personalities of the World,” ”Dictionary of International Biography,” ”Men of Achievement,” and other similar publications. Page 25.1199.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Study Abroad Program Impacting Engineering Formation: Cultural Immersion (CIB) Melany M. Ciampi1, Claudio da Rocha Brito2, Rosa Vasconcelos3, Luis Amaral4 1 President of Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization 2 President of Science and

Conference Session

Faculty and Program Developments, Exchanges, and Best Practices

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marissa Jablonski, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

International

Engineers for aSustainable World. Individual colleges are starting programs such as Rice University’s Beyond Page 25.1221.2Traditional Borders, Pennsylvania State University’s Humanitarian Engineering and SocialEntrepreneurship program, and Stanford’s graduate level course, Entrepreneurial Design forExtreme Affordability.1 It is no surprise with programs such as these growing in popularity thatthere is coinciding membership growth in groups such as EWB; there is also growing debatequestioning the validity of projects that are purported to benefit developing communities. Oftenthe discussion involves doubt that the help being offered is more than

Conference Session

Engineering Education Ties and Engineering Programs in the Middle East and Latin America

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaby Mohammed, Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

International

Page 25.1250.4necessary information. Students then provide the instructors and clients with the documentationand presentations to show the quality of the understanding of the project and the approach usedin developing an effective design. The table below shows the assignments the students would doand deliver to the instructors, throughout the course. Some of the deliverables are individual andsome of them are team based (mentioned as Type in the table), and weightage on the course isalso provided in the table 1. Student assignment Type ( I / T) Weight Project Proposal T 8 Project reviews – 2

Conference Session

Collaborations, Accreditation and Articulation Issues for International Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morteza Sadat-Hossieny, Northern Kentucky University; Elizabeth Leibach, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

International

Education Abroad, the Office of International Students and Scholar,and the Office of American English Language Programs. There are five different programsprovided under the Office of Education Aboard. These programs are: 1) Academic Exchanges,2)Short-Term Programs, 3) Cooperative Center for Study Abroad, 4)Kentucky institute forInternational Studies, and 5) International Student Teaching Program.5NKU offers two TAC-ABET accredited bachelor degree programs in Mechanical andManufacturing Engineering Technology. One of the university visions for growth is theinternationalization of the campus. The International Center at NKU has a mission to: “Develop and promote global perspectives through engagement in the international arena and to

Conference Session

Collaborations, Accreditation and Articulation Issues for International Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuemin Zhao, China University of Mining & Technology; You-jun Tao, China University of Mining & Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

cultivation of innovation and creative ability in engineering education [1]. It is strategic important to engineering construction and personnel training fordevelopment of accreditation of engineering education under this background. The goal ofaccreditation of engineering education is to construct quality control system for engineeringeducation in China, and promote the reform of engineering education and further improve thequality of engineering education. To establish accreditation system for engineering educationwhich is linked up with the registered engineer, construct contact mechanism of engineeringeducation and business, enhance adaptability that of personnel training of engineeringeducation for industry development; To promote mutual

Conference Session

International Experience, Effective Instruction, and Student Exchange Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fanyu F. Zeng, Indiana Wesleyan University

Tagged Divisions

International

will continue in a larger student population.1. IntroductionResearch studies previously conducted by the author and other researchers find that today’ssuccessful and innovative educational approaches must focus on critical thinking, logicreasoning, and problem solving.1,15 Higher education institutions in the US have made enormousefforts to use newly designed curricula and adopt new techniques in teaching and learning inorder to significantly improve student’s learning outcomes and educate students to become wellinformed critical thinkers and deeply motivated problem solvers who can think critically, analyzeproblems, and discover innovative solutions. This effort also helps meet ever changing demandsfrom rapidly changing business and working

Conference Session

Developing International Engineering Research, Course Enhancement, Leadership of, and Online Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bahawodin Baha, University of Brighton; Ogai Ahmadi, Kabul University, Afghanistan

Tagged Divisions

International

Leadership of Science and Engineering Education in AfghanistanAbstractManagers and leaders, with the required skills and levels of competency are essential for anyorganization, especially for educational institutions and specifically in countries that have beendevastated by decades of war and instability. This paper presents the results of an investigationon the leadership and management practices at higher education in the subject of Science andEngineering in Afghanistan.1. IntroductionThe development in Science, Engineering and Technology has revolutionized the world and hassignificantly improved the quality of life in more developed countries. However, the realbenefits of these developments have not reached the people

Conference Session

Qualitative Research Programs & International Research Experience from Around the World

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Kelly, Dublin Institute of Technology; Brian Bowe, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

knowledge, skills andunderstanding to choose the appropriate research method or mixture of methods in anyparticular context.The nature of research methods and methodologies courses has come in for intensescrutiny across many disciplines over many years. Scientific based research is widelyviewed by engineers, to be rigorous and objective driven, using empirical methods inexperiment driven systemic methods that test hypotheses and justify conclusions. Suchpositivist traditions sometimes argue that such a truth can never be confirmed, onlydisconfirmed, i.e. the concept of falsifiability [1]. This paper effectively raises a number ofepistemological issues and questions the absence of qualitative research withinengineering education.Petroski [2] refers

Conference Session

A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

International

achieve success would have a very differentprofile and relational structure from the previous one.Spiral DynamicsIn the ‘50s, a different approach toward understanding relational dynamics was pioneeredby Clare Graves, a professor at Union College, and further advanced by Don Beck andChris Cowan, students of Graves and authors of [1]. Graves, originally performingresearch to validate Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs in a relational context, found thatMaslow’s Hierarchy was incomplete. He found that societies and individuals traversedwell-defined relational modes dependent on the challenges faced by those societies attheir particular moments of crisis. Further, these modes were split into two dominantforms – “I” modes, where some aspect of an individual

Conference Session

A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council; Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization

Tagged Divisions

International

, Austria, IGIP’2010 in Trnava, Slovakia, ICECE’2005 in Madrid, INTERTECH’2004 in Ba-hamas, INTERTECH’2006 in New Jersey, USA, EDUCON’2010 in Madrid. Abroad she has taughtcourses and lectures in five continents over 30 different Countries. Page 22.1442.4 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 The discussions after the Bologna Process in Europe: The Global Engineer Claudio da Rocha Brito1, Melany M. Ciampi2 1 President of Science and Education Research Council 2 President of Safety, Health and Environment Research

Conference Session

Collaborations, Accreditation and Articulation Issues for International Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salahuddin Qazi, State University of New York, Institute of Technology; Yasin Akhtar Raja, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Center for Optoelectronics & Optical Communications; Syed Muhammad Hassan Zaidi, NUST School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

Tagged Divisions

International

authorscontacted the office of International Science and Engineering (OISE) at NSF. The OISE supportsprograms to expand and enhance leading edge international research and education opportunitiesfor U.S. scientists and engineers, especially at the early career stage. It specifically works to build Page 22.1264.3and strengthen effective institutional partnerships throughout the global science and engineeringresearch and education community, and it supports international collaborations in NSF's nationalpriority research areas 1.While keeping this objective in mind, a proposal was submitted to NSF office of InternationalScience and Engineering for holding

Conference Session

Study Abroad, International Exchange Programs, and Student Engagements

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joerg Mossbrucker, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

International

Longitudinal StudyAbstractThe Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) and the University of Applied Sciences Lübeck/Germany (FHL) have a well-established, dual-accredited, bi-directional exchange program inElectrical Engineering that is completely integrated into the curricula of both institutions. Thebasic layout of this tuition-neutral exchange program is shown in Figure 1. MSOE and FHLstudents spend the first two years at their home institution. During the first half of the secondyear, the students express their desire to participate in the exchange program. After fulfilling allacademic requirements, students from both universities spend their third (Junior) year together atFHL and their fourth (Senior) year together at MSOE. The full academic year

Conference Session

Int. Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, and Implementations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sebastian M. Pfotenhauer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Joshua Jacobs, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Julio A. Pertuze, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Daniel T. Roos P.E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dava J. Newman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

stagnation and low growth” and find “a highproportion of their educated emigrate” 1.Furthermore, around the globe schools of engineering have become significant economicplayers. Engineering departments at MIT, Stanford, or Caltech are a main sourc of innovationand technology emergence of their region, and significant contributors to local and nationalwelfare 8,9. Accordingly, current theories of innovation assign an active, quasi-entrepreneurialrole for universities in the national innovation system (see e.g. 10). This global shift towards anentrepreneurial university paradigm has led to a re-thinking of engineering education along thelines of innovation, entrepreneurship, socio-economic systems and university-industry linkages.In 2005, the

Conference Session

Developing International Engineering Research, Course Enhancement, Leadership of, and Online Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zsuzsa Balogh, Metropolitan State College of Denver; Richard Pozzi, Metropolitan State College of Denver; Jeno Balogh, Metropolitan State College of Denver; Peter Ivanyi, University of Pecs; Richard Matthew Gutkowski, Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

International

Hungary have this partnership concept and would be able to conduct classes with a globalperspective which is an intangible benefit for all students.The ability to combine technology and institutional partnerships provides a significantopportunity to economically solve the low class size enrollment issue.[1] 2009 ASEE data search of member institutions for student enrollment by degree program, R. Pozzi[2] Douglas Benson, Julie Rodriguez, TEL8: The Development of a Transportation Video Conference Network, Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, Staff Paper No. 149, NDSU, November 2002.[3] Z. Balogh, M. Ivanyi, R. Gutkowski, Telecourses in Engineering Education, ASEE World Congress, Budapest, 2004. [4

Conference Session

Faculty and Program Developments, Exchanges, and Partnerships

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sowmya Narayanan, VIT University; Muniratnam Adithan, VIT University, Vellore; Robert C. Creese, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

International

itself to the21st Century Learning Skills. The Academic Staff College encourages innovation and creativityamong its faculty and supports the introduction of new pedagogical methods and new learningapproaches in delivering instruction. It has positioned itself as a forerunner to bring about theparadigm shift from “teaching to learning.” New initiatives with particular reference to WIPRO‟s Project 1, an academia industrypartnership between WIPRO, a global IT and Engineering Enterprise and VIT University hasproduced a metamorphosis in the teaching learning process at the University. Individual learninghas been replaced with collaborative and group learning; lectures have been complemented withrole play, simulation, word games and group

Conference Session

A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Hundley, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Lynn G. Brown, The Boeing Company; Alan Jacobs, Quanser; Patricia Fox, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Catherine Didion, National Academy of Engineering; Daniel R. Sayre, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; Hans J. Hoyer, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

International

Conference in 2010, SIG stakeholders attempted to translate the attributesinto specific competencies that could be identified by levels of importance and proficiency atcertain intervals of an individual’s education and professional development. The initial listtotaled 48; however, through in-person meetings at the Conference, and through bi-weeklytelephone conference calls and other electronic communication, the list was ultimatelysynthesized and consolidated. After further review and validation from CMC members, a totalof 20 competencies associated with the attributes of a global engineer emerged. These are:1. Demonstrates an understanding of engineering, science, and mathematics fundamentals2. Demonstrates an understanding of political, social

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for the Global Workplace, Competency, and a Successful Career

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization; Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council

Tagged Divisions

International

University and StateTechnology University of So Paulo. Abroad he has taught courses and lectures in five continents over 30different Countries. Page 22.274.4 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Awareness of Social Impact of Engineering: The task for Engineering Schools? Melany M. Ciampi1, Claudio da Rocha Brito2 1 President of Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization 2 President of Science and Education Research CouncilAbstractSocial groups have ambiguous understanding

Conference Session

International Experience, Effective Instruction, and Student Exchange Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

International

major drawback of the lecture approach is that it usuallyresults in long periods of uninterrupted instructor-centered, expository discourse, relegatingstudents to the role of passive spectators.(1)This method, however, continues to be the mostdominant teaching method in engineering institutions and widely used in most classes.To improve the relevancy of engineering education, we believe that teaching, or morefundamentally, student learning needs to be emphasized. Learning, as defined today, is morethan the acquisition of knowledge. Bloom (2) has defined five increasing levels of learning orcomprehension. Starting with fact-based knowledge, and followed by: comprehension (usingfactual information and explaining facts), application (applying

Conference Session

Collaborative Learning, Project-Based, Service Learning, and Impacts on Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Forrest Alden Copeland, Western Washington University; Derek M. Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

International

planning andimplementing projects. This paper describes the challenges, advantages, and opportunities ofworking with a multidisciplinary student group, and professional mentors, in developing a waterquality solution for a rural community in Guatemala.IntroductionEngineers without Borders (EWB-USA) is a non-profit organization that was established at theUniversity of Colorado Civil in 2002. As described in the mission statement "EWB-USAsupports community-driven development programs worldwide by collaborating with localpartners to design and implement sustainable engineering projects, while creating transformativeexperiences and responsible leaders."1 The organization is currently involved in 350 projects in45 countries with an emphasis on providing

Conference Session

International Experience, Effective Instruction, and Student Exchange Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth M. Tront, Virginia Tech; Joseph G. Tront, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

characteristics or traits distinguish leaders from non-leaders: intelligence,dominance, adaptability, persistence, integrity, socioeconomic status, to name just a few. Bass isone of many who espouse the trait theory of leadership.Others disagree, saying leadership is more complex and situational. Criticism of the trait theoryof leadership by Zaccaro2 among others, noted that trait theory still: 1. Focuses on a small set of individual attributes such as the Big Five personality traits, to the neglect of cognitive abilities, motives, values, social skills, expertise, and problem-solving skills 2. Fails to consider patterns or integrations of multiple attributes

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Cross-cultural Awareness and Social Impacts

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas F. Schubert, University of San Diego; Frank G. Jacobitz, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

International

its on-site curriculum and through study-abroad opportunities. This commitment is so strong that USDis currently ranked second in the nation for undergraduate study-abroad participation7. In thepast, the USD Department of Engineering has been only a very minor participant in intersessionand study-abroad courses. The CIE courses are a new venture joining the advantages of each:short-term (three-week) engineering courses taught by USD faculty abroad. The coursesdescribed here are the first two intersession CIE courses at USD: one summer CIE course hastaken place and another is on the schedule for summer 2011.The technical content and the international experience are assessed using a four-prongedapproach. (1) Student evaluations as required by

Conference Session

A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isaac W. Wait, Marshall University; Andrew P. Nichols, Marshall University; Wael A. Zatar, Marshall University

Tagged Divisions

International

learning modes and adapt their preferred learning styles to  suit the conditions of a particular course, other students are dependent on a single style oflearning and are thus sometimes less able to change how they learn when circumstances dictate.Among the different methods used for classifying student characteristics with respect to learningpreferences (e.g., Kolb Learning Style Index, Felder and Soloman Index of Learning Styles,Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) is an approach that characterizes the “ways in which people likeinformation to come to them and the ways in which they like to deliver their communication”1.Since much of learning and teaching revolves around the communication of information to andfrom the student, it is important to

Conference Session

Int. Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, and Implementations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yue-min Zhao, China University of Mining and Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

ability.Key Words: engineering practice; educational reform; mineral processing engineering Page 22.377.2                                                          Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 516 83995505 Email address: ymzhao@cumt.edu.cn (Y. Zhao), llaoduan@126.com ( C. Duan)    1. Introduction Education on mineral processing engineering has been given a high priority in China.More than 30 universities set up the major of mineral processing engineering. Theseuniversities cultivate lots of mineral processing engineering professions which meet thedemand of

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rafiqul Islam, Northwestern State University

Tagged Divisions

International

debate during 2008 was devoted to outline energy policy, it was clear thatboth candidates have studied the energy challenges facing the nation. President Obamaproposed his New Energy for America plan and signed the American Recovery andReinvestment Act (ARRA). The realization is that the component of energy policy mustprepare a technical workforce in the alternative energy areas. We must involve all ourefforts to ensure the outcome of ARRA to help create five million new jobs bystrategically investing $150 billion over the next ten years, to catalyze private efforts tobuild a clean energy fixture, to have more oil than we currently import from the MiddleEast and Venezuela combined with 10 years to put 1 million Plug-in-Hybrid cars with upto 150

Conference Session

International Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fakhteh Nakhavali, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Tagged Divisions

International

explore the salientmeanings and the cultural backgrounds. Animal expressions may reveal people’s thoughts, emotions, culture, andcustoms. The analysis of about 10,000 Persian and English proverbs shows that there are 207 Persian and 97English “dog” expressions. In spite of cultural and social differences between English and Persian, the salientsemantic properties derived from the name of this animal are nearly the same. The main semantic molecules of theword “dog” are “worthless, bad-tempered, cruel, violent” in both English and Persian. Key words: proverbs; animal metaphors; semantic molecules; animal expressions; salient content 1. Introduction The present study is within semantic-pragmatic framework. Over the years, there has

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Cross-cultural Awareness and Social Impacts

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holt Zaugg, Brigham Young University; Randall Davies, Brigham Young University; Alan R. Parkinson, Brigham Young University; Spencer P. Magleby, Brigham Young University; Greg Jensen, Brigham Young University; Aaron G. Ball, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

engineering education, global engineering, international education.IntroductionOver the past decade increases in international engineering have necessitated increasedcollaboration among culturally and globally diverse groups of people [1]. In response to thisdemand, universities have worked to teach and train students how to interact with culturallydiverse groups in a positive and supportive manner. Traditional educational approaches providestudents with a variety of cultural experiences and educational opportunities such as studyabroad, international internships, or having students complete combined degrees withinternational universities [2, 3]. Many of these efforts place students on teams of internationallydiverse students to learn engineering

Conference Session

Int. Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, and Implementations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yue-Min Zhao, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116; Yue-min Zhao, China University of Mining and Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

innovative personnel training system which ischaracterized by building industry leading subjects and cultivating multidimensionalinnovative talents; as well as made high stuff innovative talents as a chief target of majorbuilding[1]. Constructing Research Curriculum System, Exploring Innovation Teaching Mode.The undergraduate curriculum is the guarantee to the innovation awareness and innovation ofstudents. Mineral processing engineering is dedicated to the pursuit of curriculumdevelopment and reform, and explores innovation and experience of teaching modelthroughout the process. 2008 was a critical year for the constitution and implementation ofthe 2008 edition of undergraduate training program, the 2008 edition of undergraduatetraining program

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for the Global Workplace, Competency, and a Successful Career

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Shen, Purdue University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yating Chang, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

different levels of cultural awareness and appreciation amongparticipants.These results also point to new opportunities for further research. Particularly, this studyrepresents a significant step towards developing and testing an integrated assessment model forglobal engineering programs that brings together measures of readiness assessment, orientationtoward diversity, and global engineering competency.1. IntroductionFor more than a decade, a growing roster of influential stakeholders have argued that globalcompetency is imperative for a new generation of “global engineers” who must be ready topractice in an increasingly diverse, interconnected, and rapidly changing world.1,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 Yet asnoted in many of these same commentaries and reports

Conference Session

Faculty and Program Developments, Exchanges, and Partnerships

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bob Lahidji, Eastern Michigan University; Walter Tucker, Eastern Michigan University, School of Engineering Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

. Page 22.413.2Why China?According to the U.S. Census, in 2010 China accounted for 14% of all trade with the USand is our leading trading partner excluding our North American NAFTA neighbors,Canada and Mexico. Trade with China is 2-4 times the trade with other traditional tradingpartners Japan and Germany. Only 5 billion dollars in 1980, U.S. trade with China is nowabout 400 billion dollars. China’s population is over 1 billion and its current increase inwealth will generate many new potential consumers of American goods and service.In the automotive industry, Chinese companies have recently purchased Volvo, Hummer,and a number of parts companies located in the U.S. General Motors, rescued byAmerican taxpayers now expects more production and