Conference Session

Integrating Social Justice in Engineering Science Courses

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan C. Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

ethics, which students seem todisconnected and/or irrelevant add- perceive as a more appropriate topic for the engineeringon classroom. ! Begin the semester with 3 case studies (one per week?) that include (or will include) social elements, including things that have gone wrong or could go wrong. Revisit the case studies throughout the semester. ! Include excerpts from fall 2014 focus group/interview responses

Conference Session

Integrating Social Justice in Engineering Science Courses

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James L. Huff, Harding University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

incorporating social justice and human values into the curriculum. I started this with the [ECP design task]. Surprisingly, no one was very attentive to the ethical ramifications of using children for power generation… I was disappointed in that I found myself lecturing more than allowing for discussion… Ultimately, I was attempting to convey that the problems that they solve in this course are situated in real contexts, and sometimes, these contexts are more Page 26.866.8 important than the signals and systems problem itself. I look forward to reading their reflections on these topics to see if some of them

Conference Session

Integrating Social Justice in Engineering Science Courses

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M. Riley, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

not appropriately used.A second module, in Engineering Thermodynamics, sought to integrate considerations of climatechange, ethics, and global economic inequality. The course, taught in the fall semester, usuallyoverlapped with a major international climate summit. Using the 2009 Copenhagen summit ascase study, students analyzed the conflict between countries in the global North and globalSouth, with guided prompts and background reading to aid them in understanding andincorporating into their analysis the power relations evident in the climate talks, borne ofhistories of colonialism and present-day neoliberal economic policies. This case study wasamong several ethics assignments offered throughout the semester, and in some years was part ofa

Conference Session

Integrating Social Justice in Engineering Science Courses

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines; Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines; Barbara M. Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Deborath Silva, Colorado School of Mines; Justin Stephen Fantasky, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

ethic are important traits for engaging in Page 26.1378.4social justice work” (p. 39). Schneider, Lucena, and Leydens [17] describe the rapid growth inengineering programs that are designed to help. Unfortunately, as is argued by these authors[17], the very nature of many of these activities contributes to a sense within engineering thatcommunities can be defined by what they are lacking. This attitude unintentionally lends itself tothe right-or-wrong problem-solving training common in engineering education. As the authors of[17] explain, the very nature of such formulation can lead to colonialist or imperialisticrelationships and continued

Conference Session

Integration of Liberal Education into Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom A. Eppes, University of Hartford; Ivana Milanovic, University of Hartford; Frederick Sweitzer, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. • Personal and social responsibility spanning civic knowledge and engagement (local and global), intercultural knowledge and competence, ethical reasoning and action, foundations and skills for lifelong learning. • Integrative and applied learning including synthesis and advanced accomplishment across general and specialized studies.Secretary of Education, Margaret Spellings, announced in 2005 the formation of the Commissionon the Future of Higher Education and charged it with developing a comprehensive nationalstrategy for postsecondary education. The Commission issued a report, A Test of Leadership:Charting the Future of U.S. Higher Education.2 One finding noted that the quality of studentlearning at U.S. colleges and

Conference Session

Integration of Liberal Education into Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kacey Beddoes, Virginia Tech; Maura J. Borrego, Virginia Tech; Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Conference Session

Integration of Liberal Education into Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George D. Ricco, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. Bucciarellii, L. (2003). Engineering Philosophy. Delft University Press. Delft. 6. Downey, G. L., J.C. Lucena, and C. Mitcham. (2007). Engineering Ethics and Identity: Emerging Initiatives in Comparative Perspective. Science and Engineering Ethics. 13(4), 463-487. 7. Goldman, S. L. (2004). Why We Need a Philosophy of Engineering: A Work in Progress. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. 29(2):163-176. 8. Lewin, D. (1983). Engineering Philosophy – The Third Culture. Leonardo. 16(2), 127-132. 9. Moser, F. (1997). Philosophy of/and engineering. An Introduction to and Survey of the Engineering and Technology Problems for the 21st century. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly. 11(1), 1-5. 10

Conference Session

Integration of Liberal Education into Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown; Lea Campbell, University of Houston, Downtown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Conference Session

Imagining Others, Defining Self Through Consideration of Ethical and Social Implications

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan E. Canney, CYS Structural Engineers Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #21479Engineers’ Imaginaries of ’The Public’: Dominant Themes from Interviewswith Engineering Students, Faculty, and ProfessionalsDr. Nathan E. Canney, CYS Structural Engineers Inc. Dr. Canney’s research focuses on engineering education, specifically the development of social responsi- bility in engineering students. Other areas of interest include ethics, service learning, and sustainability education. Dr. Canney received bachelors degrees in Civil Engineering and Mathematics from Seat- tle University, a masters in Civil Engineering from Stanford University with an emphasis on structural engineering, and a PhD

Conference Session

Imagining Others, Defining Self Through Consideration of Ethical and Social Implications

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexis Papak, University of Maryland, College Park; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park; Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

is Assistant Research Professor in Physics and Keystone Instructor in the A. J. Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland. Broadly speaking he is interested in modeling learning and reasoning processes. In particular, he is attracted to micro-genetic and socio-cultural models of learning. He has been working on how learners’ emotions are coupled with their conceptual and epistemological reasoning. Lately, he has been interested in engineering design thinking, how engineering students come to understand and practice design, and how engineering students think about ethics and social responsi- bility.Dr. Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park Chandra Turpen is a research assistant

Conference Session

Imagining Others, Defining Self Through Consideration of Ethical and Social Implications

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Idalis Villanueva, Utah State University; Louis S. Nadelson, Colorado Mesa University; Jana Bouwma-Gearhart; Katherine L. Youmans, Utah State University; Sarah Lanci, Colorado Mesa University; Adam Lenz, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Conference Session

Imagining Others, Defining Self Through Consideration of Ethical and Social Implications

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tina Lee, University of Wisconsin-Stout; Devin R. Berg, University of Wisconsin-Stout; Elizabeth A. Buchanan, University of Wisconsin-Stout

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #22216Challenges and Opportunities in International Service LearningDr. Tina Lee, University of Wisconsin-Stout Dr. Tina Lee is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and the Program Director for the Applied Social Science Program at the University of Wisconsin-Stout.Dr. Devin R. Berg, University of Wisconsin-Stout Devin Berg is an Associate Professor and Program Director of the B.S. Mechanical Engineering program in the Engineering and Technology Department at the University of Wisconsin - Stout.Dr. Elizabeth A. Buchanan, University of Wisconsin-Stout Elizabeth Buchanan is Endowed Chair in Ethics and Acting Director

Conference Session

Assessing Social Responsibility & Sustainability

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark H Minster, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Richard A House, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Patricia Brackin P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Corey M. Taylor, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

”). Professional codes of ethics and ABET requirements are sometimes applied, withsustainability introduced as a design constraint.3 In our experience, these professionalrequirements are often treated only in senior design projects, and then only as items on achecklist. Optional minor and certificate programs may exist for those engineering students whoare interested, but even here crucial tensions often go unexplored between definitions ofsustainability (between weak and strong sustainability4, 5, between “technological sustainability”and “ecological sustainability”6, between “eco-efficiency” and “eco-effectiveness”7, or betweensustainability and sustainable development8, 9, 10, 11) and even between areas of the triple bottomline.3 Missing, too, are

Conference Session

Assessing Social Responsibility & Sustainability

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan E Canney PE, Seattle University; Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Mikhail Russu

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #12225Which Courses Influence Engineering Students’ Views of Social Responsibil-ity?Dr. Nathan E Canney PE, Seattle University Dr. Nathan E. Canney teaches civil engineering at Seattle University. His research focuses on engineering education, specifically the development of social responsibility in engineering students. Other areas of interest include ethics, service learning, and sustainability education. Dr. Canney received bachelor’s degrees in Civil Engineering and Mathematics from Seattle University, a master’s in Civil Engineering from Stanford University with an emphasis on structural engineering, and a

Conference Session

Assessing Social Responsibility & Sustainability

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Gannon, Montana State University; Ryan Anderson, Montana State University; Justin W Spengler, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Page 26.725.9 11. Perry, W. G., Jr. 1970. Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A Scheme. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Conference Session

Assessing Social Responsibility & Sustainability

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin L Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sarah Aileen Brownell, Rochester Institute of Technology; Richard A House, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Alexander T. Dale, Engineers for a Sustainable World

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

students to the overallcomplexity of wicked problems3,11, while giving students the tools and cognitive awareness toeffectively and confidently respond to these wicked problems in their future work asprofessionals, designers, and engineers (see Hess, Brownell, & Dale 2014 for the instructionaldesign1). The survey we have designed corresponds to the following learning objectives:As a result of participating in the course, students will… 1) Develop confidence in responding to wicked, sustainability-related problems 2) Become conscious of the ethical and professional responsibilities within their field in a (a) global, (b) social, and (c) environmental contextIn the first WPSI iteration, we created and distributed 15 loosely related

Conference Session

Professional Formation and Career Experiences

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephen Campbell Rea, Colorado School of Mines; Kylee Shiekh, Colorado School of Mines; Qin Zhu, Colorado School of Mines; Dean Nieusma, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #33178The Hidden Curriculum and the Professional Formation of ResponsibleEngineers: A Review of Relevant Literature in ASEE Conference Proceed-ingsDr. Stephen Campbell Rea, Colorado School of Mines Dr. Stephen C. Rea is a cultural anthropologist whose research focuses on the implications of digital technologies and automated decision-making for labor and finance. He works as an Adjunct Instruc- tor/Research Assistant Professor at the Colorado School of Mines.Kylee Shiekh, Colorado School of MinesDr. Qin Zhu, Colorado School of Mines Dr. Zhu is Assistant Professor of Ethics and Engineering Education in the Department of

Conference Session

Social Responsibility and Social Justice I: Pedagogical Perspectives

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Beever, University of Central Florida; Andrew O. Brightman, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #16973A Principlist Approach for Thinking About the Social Impacts of Engineer-ingDr. Jonathan Beever, University of Central Florida Jonathan Beever is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and faculty with the Texts & Technology Program at The University of Central Florida. He has held postdoctoral positions with Penn State’s Rock Ethics Institute and with Purdue University’s Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering before joining UCF. He has held fellowships with the Kaufmann Foundation, the Aldo Leopold Foundation, and the Global Sustainable Soundscape Network. Jonathan works and publishes at the intersection of

Conference Session

Creative and Cross-disciplinary Methods Part I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chad A. B. Wilson, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

forms of engineering writing.Introduction: The Typical Technical Writing CoursePurposeThis paper describes the use of novels to teach ENGI 2304: Technical Communications forEngineers. The course uses Robert Harris’s Pompeii1 and Michael Crichton’s Prey2 to teachengineering writing, ethics, and presentations.BackgroundThe College of Engineering’s required technical communications course is ENGI 2304. Page 25.83.2According to the course description, the class teaches “engineering communication skills: writtenproposals, specifications, progress reports, and technical reports; individual and group oralpresentations; essays on engineering ethics

Conference Session

Technical Courses and Liberal Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #31140Reflection to Promote Development of Presentation Skills in a TechnicalCommunication Course (Work in Progress)Dr. Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington Dr. Dianne Hendricks is a Lecturer in the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering and the Director of the Engineering Communication Program at the University of Washington. She designs and teaches courses involving universal design, technical communication, ethics, and diversity, equity and inclusion. She co-founded HuskyADAPT (Accessible Design and Play Technology), where she mentors UW students in design for local needs experts

Conference Session

Social Responsibility and Social Justice II: From Classroom to Community

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Mary Smith, Colorado School of Mines; Carrie J. McClelland P.E., Colorado School of Mines; Nicole M. Smith, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

and Family in the American West (Rutgers University Press, 2014), which was funded by a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Her current research project, ”The Ethics of Extraction: Integrating Corporate So- cial Responsibility into Engineering Education,” investigates the sociotechnical dimensions of CSR for engineers in the mining, oil and gas industries and is funded by the National Science Foundation.Dr. Carrie J. McClelland P.E., Colorado School of Mines Carrie J McClelland is an Associate Teaching Professor at Colorado School of Mines. Carrie is a regis- tered professional engineer with a passion for teaching the next generation of engineers to be well-rounded professionals who consider

Conference Session

Socially Responsible Engineering II: Pedagogy, Teamwork, and Student Experiences

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Larkin Martini, Colorado School of Mines; Jordyn MacKenzie Helfrich, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

learn and experience. Similar discrepancies between faculty andstudents have been seen in previous studies of engineering ethics education [6]. In this paper we ask: 1) What methods do teachers choose to use most often in teaching CSR? 2) What methods are most clearly recognized by students and in what courses? 3) Given student and faculty concerns, what are previous pedagogical methods from ethics literature that may be most effective for teaching CSR? CSR is a broad term encompassing the many ways that corporations attempt to accommodate theneed for maximizing profit and taking into account the needs and wellbeing of the community andenvironment [1]. CSR can be used as a method for teaching macroethics to engineering

Conference Session

Socially Responsible Engineering II: Pedagogy, Teamwork, and Student Experiences

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Athena Lin, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Justin L. Hess, Purdue University at West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

, environmen- tally friendly, and inclusive, thereby providing opportunities for all current and prospective engineers to reach their maximum potential and to help realize a sustainable world. Dr. Hess’s primary research interests including exploring the functional role of empathy in various domains, including engineering ethics, design, and diversity, equity, and inclusion. He received his PhD from Purdue University’s School of Engineering Education, as well as a Master of Science and Bachelor of Science from Purdue Uni- versity’s School of Civil Engineering. He is the 2021 division chair-elect for the ASEE Liberal Educa- tion/Engineering and Society division and is the Editorial Board Chair for the Online Ethics Center

Conference Session

Social Responsibility and Social Justice I: Pedagogical Perspectives

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devin R. Berg, University of Wisconsin, Stout; Tina Lee, University of Wisconsin, Stout

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Education, 2016 Incorporation of Liberal Education into the Engineering Curriculum at a PolytechnicAbstractTraditional engineering education often falls short when it comes to the inclusion of issues relatedto social justice, ethics, and globalization. While engineering programs are required to includeethics content for accreditation, most seem to rely primarily on general education electives,providing only a high-level overview and including the bare minimum in the program core. Thiscan lead to an inconsistent student experience and minimal exposure to topics which are criticallyimportant for achieving worldwide equity and operating responsibly in the engineeringworkplace. Given the role that engineers play in

Conference Session

Research on Diversification, Inclusion, and Empathy II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin L Hess, Purdue University - West Lafayette; Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #16281The Development and Growth of Empathy Among Engineering StudentsDr. Justin L Hess, Purdue University - West Lafayette Justin L. Hess received his PhD from Purdue University’s School of Engineering Education along with his Master’s of Science and Bachelor of Science from Purdue’s School of Civil Engineering. Justin is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher in the STEM Education Research Institute at IUPUI. Justin’s research interests include developing pedagogical strategies to improve STEM students’ ethical reasoning skills; exploring the role of empathy within design, innovation and sustainability

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole Farkas Mogul, University of Maryland, College Park; David Tomblin, University of Maryland, College Park; Timothy Duane Reedy, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #27406Just Add Context? Analyzing Student Perceptions of Decontextualized andContextualized Engineering Problems and their Use of Storytelling toCreate ContextDr. Nicole Farkas Mogul, University of Maryland, College Park Nicole Mogul is a professor of engineering ethics and Assistant Director of the Science, Technology and Society at the University of Maryland, College Park. Co-author, David Tomblin is the Director of the Science, Technology and Society Program of College Park Scholars at the University of Maryland, College Park. Co-author, Tim Reedy, is a graduate assistant in the Science, Technology and Society

Conference Session

Programmatic Integration of Liberal Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael Oudshoorn, High Point University; Claire Lynne McCullough P.E., High Point University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

engineering from Van- derbilt, Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of Tennessee, respectively, and is a registered professional engineer in the state of Alabama. She is a member of I.E.E.E., Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu. She is currently Professor and Founding Chair of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the High Point University, and teaches courses in such areas as Engineering Ethics, Controls, and En- gineering Design. Dr. McCullough has over 30 years’ experience in engineering practice and education, including industrial experience at the Tennessee Valley Authority and the US Army Space and Missile Defense Command. Her research interests include Image and Data Fusion, Automatic Target

Conference Session

Sustainability and Social Responsibility

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bryn Elizabeth Seabrook, University of Virginia; Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia; Kari Zacharias, Concordia University; Brandiff Robert Caron, Concordia University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

institutionalarrangements necessary to help students develop these skills have not yet settled into a widelyadopted standard. Many engineering programs have turned to STS to provide students withconceptual tool kits to think about engineering problems and solutions in more sophisticatedways. Some programs feature standalone courses on the sociocultural aspects of technology andengineering, often taught by faculty from outside the engineering school. Others incorporate STSmaterial into traditional engineering courses, e.g., by making ethical or societal impactassessments part of capstone projects. This work in progress paper draws on the research team’s personal experience to examinethe character of an atypical, but potentially very powerful, model: STS

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeong-Hee Kim, Texas Tech University; Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University; Ngan T.T. Nguyen, Texas Tech University; Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University; Danny D. Reible P.E., Texas Tech University; Chongzheng Na, Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

currently facilitates an interdisciplinary project entitled ”Developing Reflective Engineers through Artful Methods.” His scholarly interests include both teaching and research in engineering education, art in engineering, social justice in engineering, care ethics in engineering, humanitarian engineering, engineering ethics, and computer modeling of electric power and renewable energy systems.Ms. Ngan T.T. Nguyen, Texas Tech University Ngan Nguyen is a research assistant and doctoral student in the Department of Curriculum and Instruc- tion at Texas Tech University. Her research is focused on fostering the learning experiences of Asian international graduate students in higher education.Dr. Roman Taraban, Texas Tech

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katie Barillas, Rowan University; Stephen Fernandez, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

and community development. Dedicated to promoted social justice and peace in the engineering profession. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019Work In Progress: The Sky’s the Limit: Drones for Social GoodAbstractA full semester course, with a focus on engineering design to promote social good, wasdeveloped for second-year engineering students. The course, ​The Sky’s the Limit: Drones forSocial Good​, engages students with drone technology as well as the awareness of the needs,challenges, and resources of diverse communities and how drones can serve these communities.Humanities, ethics, and human centered design are explored in the context of engineering, andinterwoven throughout the semester. ​The