conditions have on students’ education, we hope to better understandand highlight the circumstances that are preventing an increase in STEM diversity in NorthCarolina. We propose increasing the number of ethnic minority educators, improve culturaltraining for educators by implementing cultural relational teaching methods into standardcurriculum including more hands-on instruction, a redistribution of financial resources to statepublic educational institutions, including higher education, based on need instead of population.We believe these changes have the potential to increased interest and self-efficacy in math andscience for underrepresented minority students of North Carolina.I. Introduction The US Department of Commerce reports employment in
Underrepresented Racial Groups,” Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2014, pp. 555-580. 7. A. Carpi, D.M Ronan, H.M. Falconer, and N.H. Lents, “Cultivating Minority Scientists: Undergraduate Research Increases Self-Efficacy and Career Ambitions for Underrepresented Students in STEM,” Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol 52, no. 2, 2017, pp. 169-194. 8. R. Taraban and R. Logue, “Academic Factors that Affect Undergraduate Research Experiences,” Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 104, no. 2, 2012, pp. 499-514. 9. J. Vianden, “What Matters in College to Students: Critical Incidents in the Undergraduate Experience,” Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, vol. 52 no. 3
engineering educationA multitude of factors can influence student engagement and retention in engineering programs,such as students’ background and preparation, attitudes, behaviors, self-efficacy, motivation, andlearning strategies [2, 9]. As such, universities across the world are implementing initiatives thatseek to transform engineering education in order to increase student engagement and reducedropout rates from courses and programs [10-12]. These initiatives demonstrate that studentengagement is a multidimensional construct that needs to be approached through a holisticperspective that transcends the presentation of content in the classroom [13]. Instructors canappeal to students’ personal interests, offer opportunities for self-reflection, or
’ academic and non-academic performances.Research13 indicates that students who engage in these types of learning experiences showpositive attitudes toward learning itself, collaborative behavior, and team communication.Students’ interests, self-confidence, and self-efficacy developed especially when the tasks relatedto real-world experiences. Eighty-five percent of the students strongly agreed or agreed that theworkshops helped them understand the work of engineers, and 78% reported the workshophelped them think like engineers. More than half the students reported that the workshop madethem think that they may want to become engineers. Additionally, 81% reported they learnedsome new engineering ideas they did not know before the workshop.Another
of First Generation Community College Students," Community College Review, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 3-22, 1999/04/01 1999.[15] W. C. Lee and H. M. Matusovich, "A Model of Co-Curricular Support for Undergraduate Engineering Students," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 406-430, 2016.[16] M. Meyer and S. Marx, "Engineering Dropouts: A Qualitative Examination of Why Undergraduates Leave Engineering," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 525-548, 2014.[17] J. A. Raelin, M. B. Bailey, J. Hamann, L. K. Pendleton, R. Reisberg, and D. L. Whitman, "The Gendered Effect of Cooperative Education, Contextual Support, and Self-Efficacy on Undergraduate Retention
manual for qualitative researchers, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2015.[30] J. W. Creswell, Qualitative inquiry and research: Choosing among five approaches, 3rd ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2013.[31] A. Tashakkori, and C. Teddlie, Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, Volume 46, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.[32] A. Bandura, Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, Psychological Review, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 191-215, 1977.[33] S. Bubany, T. Krieshock, M. D. Black, and R. McKay, College students’ perspectives on their career decision-making, Journal of Career Assessment, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 177-197, 2008.[34] G. Lichtenstein, H. G. Loshbaugh, B. Claar, H. L. Chen, K
Relationship Between Self- Efficacy and Retention in Introductory Physics,” J. Res. Sci. Teach., vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1096–1121, 2012.[21] B. Rienties and D. Tempelaar, “Turning Groups Inside Out: A Socail Network Perspective,” no. November, 2017.[22] M. L. Loughry, M. W. Ohland, and D. J. Woehr, “Assessing Teamwork Skills for Assurance of Learning Using CATME Team Tools,” 2014.[23] Y. Benjamini and Y. Hochberg, “Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing,” J. R. Stat. Soc., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 289–300, 1995.[24] A. Dinno, “Nonparametric Pairwise Multiple Comparisons in Independent Groups Using Dunn ’ s Test,” Stata J., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 292–300, 2015.[25] C. Smith and S
representation bygender and by race (Gleason, Boykin, Johnson, Bowen, Whitaker, Micu, & Slappey, 2010;Raines, 2012). For example, the work of Ackermann (1990; 1991), Cabrera et al. (2013), Garcia (1991),Kezar (2000), Strayhorn (2011) and Walpole et al. (2008) document the impacts of first-yearsummer bridge programs on students’ transition into college. In particular, these scholars notethat such programs can positively impact the academic, social, and personal development ofunderrepresented student populations (Ackermann, 1990; Garcia, 1991; Strayhorn, 2011). Inaddition to impacting these areas of student development, first-year summer programs canpositively influence students self-efficacy and sense of belonging (Cabrera et al., 2013; Stolle
inform ways that students evaluate their belongingness in engineering, as well asways in which educators can help their students feel like they belong.IntroductionBelongingness typically describes a sense of community or affinity towards a certain group, asexpressed by an individual. In this article, we use the term to represent an individual’s judgementof whether they feel welcomed and wanted in engineering. Stronger feelings of belongingnessresult in higher self-efficacy [1], engagement [2], and ability [3]. Conversely, a lack ofbelongingness has been identified as one of the top reasons that students leave a university [4, 5].Belongingness is imbued throughout a student’s educational experience, at both the classroomand university levels [1
. 371–395, 2010.[10] C. C. Samuelson and E. Litzler, “Community Cultural Wealth: An Assets-Based Approach to Persistence of Engineering Students of Color,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 93–117, 2016.[11] D. Malicky, “A literature review on the under-representation of women in undergraduate engineering: Ability, self-efficacy, and the ‘chilly climate,’” in Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, 2003.[12] T. C. Dennehy and N. Dasgupta, “Female peer mentors early in college increase women’s positive academic experiences and retention in engineering,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 114, no. 23, pp. 5964–5969, 2017.[13] K. L. Tonso, “Engineering
construct through the semester and serves tomotivate their activities.The mid-term and final assessments in the Network Switches & Routers class include a scenario-based section wherein a portfolio of notes and text resources is permitted. It encourages studentsto organize their course portfolios ahead of time, including the feedback received from theinstructor on in-class and written lab activities. As observed in [2], permitting students to useself-developed notes on quizzes motivates them to complete the readings.By observing student work both in class and the laboratory, along with their written labsubmissions, provide clear indications about the self-efficacy of students in the computernetwork area. Students are developing annotated
. Pers. Assess., vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 261– 269, 2008.[36] R. Day and T. D. Allen, “The relationship between career motivation and self-efficacy with protégé career success,” J. Vocat. Behav., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 72–91, 2004.[37] J. J. VanAntwerp and D. Wilson, “Difference between engineering men and women: How and why they choose what they do during early career,” in 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, 2015.[38] N. A. Fouad, R. Singh, K. Cappaert, W. Chang, and M. Wan, “Comparison of women engineers who persist in or depart from engineering,” J. Vocat. Behav., vol. 92, pp. 79–93, 2016.[39] M. Brouwer, “Q is accounting for tastes,” J. Advert. Res., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 35–39, 1999.[40] G. W. K
recorded during their classroom activities, and alsointerviewed about their participation at the end of the semester. The recorded and transcribedinterviews are the primary sources of data for this paper. During the semi-structured one-on-oneinterviews, students were asked approximately 20 questions regarding interest, identity, self-efficacy, and their relationship to their undergraduate ambassadors. These interviews typicallylasted 10 - 20 minutes. In this study, we focus on two questions asked, in which students ratedtheir enjoyment and perceived success in engineering: 1) Think about yourself doing engineeringin STOMP. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest, how much doyou like doing engineering? and 2) Think
, Z. Dangerous Curves. 2013 February 12, 2013 [cited 2014 22 March]; Available from: http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/02/12/students-boycott-final-challenge-professors-grading- policy-and-get.14. Eliot, A.J. and M.A. Church, A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1997. 72(1): p. 218-232.15. Hutchison, M.A., et al., Factors Influencing the Self‐Efficacy Beliefs of First‐Year Engineering Students. Journal of Engineering Education, 2006. 95(1): p. 39-47.16. Patrick, H., A. Ryan, and P. Pintrich, The differential impact of extrinsic and mastery goal orientations on males' and females' self-regulated learning. Learning and Individual
presentations in “regular” communication classes and those who have participated in Idol students’ attitudes and self-efficacy about public speaking factors that motivate students to participate.Literature reviewOnce we saw how well-received Idol was, we put together some quick survey questions,gathered some data from students, and then went back to see where our research fit in theexisting literature. We knew from the beginning that Idol could add important contributions toresearch into communication skills in engineering, and research on student motivation andpersistence. We also recognized that Idol is a good example of faculty and student collaboration,interdisciplinary initiatives, and that it shared many of the qualities of
competency was removed as the focus groupdata demonstrated that it was a difficult competency to assess due to interpretation and itsassessments were highly correlated with those of motivate others on the team to do their best,and encourage progress to meet goals and deadlines. Since the essence of this competency wasalready encompassed in other competencies it was deemed redundant and eliminatedWithin the relational aspect, two competencies were removed: accept feedback about strengthsand weaknesses and collaborate effectively. The accept feedback competency was removed asfeedback is a form of suggestion for improvement, and this competency was seen as the self-efficacy component that is a precursor to the competency adopt suggestions from other
://www.msnbc.com/news/645566.asp?cp1=1. Page 8.1262.1215. Bandura A. "Self-efficacy: the Exercise of Control," New York: W. H. Freeman, 1997.16. Ausubel DP. "The Psychology of Meaningful Verbal Learning." New York: Grune & Stratton, 1963. Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2003, American Society for Engineering Education Session 117017. Chatterji M, Kwon Y. "A Summative Evaluation Report of the Kumon Supplemental Instructional Program at P.S. 180," New
questionnaires with course quizzes and tests on the specified topics.Several types of instrument are adapted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed instruction,including the pre- and post- test questionnaire for measuring change of students’ academicdispositions and the quality of students’ quizzes and exams. Through these deliberately designedprocesses, students have the opportunity to learn how to use different learning strategies, trackand assess more effectively their academic learning, make adjustment for improvement, andeventually enhance their self-confidence and self-regulation skills.In this paper, literature across cognitive science and education is first briefly reviewed. Relevantcognitive science development and educational practice
assessments that measure students’ thought processesand level comprehension of class material1, 9-10.Questions J through N: Instructor Approachability, Passion, and FairnessA large-scale study by Austin (1993) discovered that the interaction between faculty and studentswas one of the most predictive factors of beneficial change in students’ academic advancement,personal growth, and satisfaction14,16. Another study by Atman et. al, “Enabling engineeringstudent successes,” found that senior students’ behavioral motivation, psychological motivation,motivation from a mentor, and motivation to do social good were related to how often studentsinteracted with instructors and how satisfied students were with instructors14. Clearly, studentand instructor
. Pressure from the administration or from students decreased teachers‟ motivation.Using the same instrument as well as surveying the students, Roth et al. found that moreautonomy lead to greater feelings of personal accomplishment, less exhaustion, increased studentreports of autonomy supportive teaching, and increased student autonomy for learning 14. Againusing Pelletier‟s instrument, with others, Leroy et al. found that teachers with more self-efficacy,more experience in the classroom, and less external pressure provided more autonomy support totheir students 15. Deci and Ryan10 reported that teachers who perceived a lack of interest and lowlevels of self determination in their students responding by behaving in a more controllingmanner. The
engineering problems18, 19, 20. However,engineering and science curricula are typically structured in such a way that the mathematicscurriculum is offered in a largely decontextualized way so that it can be offered in a uniform,cost effective manner, to students in a variety of disciplines18.Since the mid-80s, research in increasing success with university level mathematics andretention in engineering majors has drawn from the literature on collaborative learning,especially in connection with motivation and self-efficacy issues21. Collaborative learning,classroom discussion, and development of math explanation skills have also traditionally been afocus within the math reform movements in the field of education22. Research in problem-basedlearning at
procedural fluency and enumerates three new attributes– conceptual understanding,strategic competence, and adaptive reasoning—that constitute conceptual depth in our math-computation proficiency framework (see Figure 4). Together, they can enable students todevelop productive disposition, an affective trait related to self-efficacy resulting from acombination of fluency at applying standard computational techniques with a deep understandingof how and why they can be applied.Stigler and Hiebert32 characterized current U.S. teaching as “learning terms and practicingprocedures”, as opposed to Japanese teaching’s “structured problem solving.” Ma’s study ofU.S. and Chinese elementary math teaching26 observed related phenomena. More than 60% ofU.S
to persist within a given major or switch to anotherare complex. The factors that affect student decisions can be broadly classified into three groupsas (a) academic resources, (b) internalization and perceptions of the major and career, and (c)climate and experiential effects. The academic resources include lectures, recitations, andlaboratories; faculty and teaching assistants; university services such as advisors and careerplacement; and academic services such as study centers and academic progress monitoring.Internalization refers to perceptions of the self including confidence, self-efficacy, anddetermination to succeed. Perceptions of the major and career include students’ interest inchoosing and retaining engineering as a major and a
education; diverse students approach problem-solving in innovativeways when collaboration is not only supported but expected as an integral part of the learningprocess [13]. Additionally, educators and mentors should assess students' skills, prior knowledge,and experiences and use that information to tailor their teaching strategies to individual needs.The strengths students display such as resilience and persistence are often expected personalattributes, however, as [14] would contend, they are attributes that educators need to help buildup and support.Educators that learn about their student’s strengths have an opportunity to encourage deeperlearning, heightened levels of self-efficacy, and persistence in engineering programs that lead tothe
underrepresentedstudents still face despite ongoing intervention measures [6]. These obstacles include lateexposure to STEM career pathways, overrepresentation of historically underrepresented studentsin under resourced school districts, implicit biases in the educational system, socio-economicbarriers to participation in extracurricular activities, a lack of easily accessibly STEM rolemodels, historically unwelcoming academic culture in STEM disciplines, and low perceptions ofthe aptitude and drive by educators along their educational [7,8].Past research has provided evidence that intentionally introducing black students into STEMfrom an early age can increase their motivation, self-efficacy, and perseverance in STEM field[9]. Additionally, culturally relevant
engineering and students’ expected success inengineering were found to decrease over the first year of study for first-year engineeringstudents, especially for women students [19]. Reasons for these feelings could be related toidealistic expectations of college or engineering in general, more difficult assignments thanexperienced in high school, or comparing to peers in a high-achieving peer group. In addition,students’ self-efficacy decreased over the first year of study, particularly for women students.However, both men and women experienced similar decreases in their value-related beliefs ofengineering [19].Importantly, researchers suggest that the potential impacts of the decrease in these expectanciesand value-related constructs on students
Studies."[64] P. Moen, J. Robison, and V. Fields, "Women's work and caregiving roles: A life course approach," Journal of Gerontology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. S176-S186, 1994.[65] C. Marlow, "Coping with multiple roles: Family configuration and the need for workplace services," Affilia, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 40-55, 1993.[66] G. H. Coetzer, B. Hanson, and R. Trimble, "The mediating influence of role stress on the relationship between adult attention deficit and self-efficacy," Journal of Business and Management, 2009.[67] G. H. Coetzer and L. Richmond, "An empirical examination of the relationships between adult attention deficit, personal task management systems and role stress," Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, vol
their knowledge of IotFtechnologies and their perceptions of self-efficacy and intentions towards high school STEMteaching. The pre-program and post-program data allowed for within-subjects comparisons toassess the changes in IotF knowledge and skills between orientation (“pre-program”) and the endof the summer program (“post-program). Due to the small sample size, we can only reportdescriptive statistics to compare the survey results within a given year. For the summer 2023 cohort, all eight participants complete the pre-program surveyduring the first week of the program. Five of the participants completed the post-program surveyat the conclusion of the program. Therefore, we report pre-program and post-program data forthose five RE-PST
was one of few studies to examine whether astructures themed PBL exercise boosts student performance on textbook statics problems. Priorstudies [1, 2, 5] have focused mainly on students’ analytical and design self-efficacy. Our studyadds to prior research by connecting the PBL experience to improved understanding of specificstatics concepts like two-force members, action-reaction pairs, and internal loads.There are several strengths and some limitations to our study. First, we used a robust, mixed-methods approach that allowed us to measure qualitative and quantitative changes in students’structural analysis skills. One limitation of the study is that we did not determine causality; inother words, we cannot definitively claim that the PBL
. Levy, C. Forest, R. L. Nagel, W. C. Newstetter, K. G. Talley and J. S. Linsey, “Relating Student Participation in University Maker Spaces to their Engineering Design Self-Efficacy,” in ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2016.[34] Passow, Honor J., and Christian H. Passow. “What competencies should undergraduate engineering programs emphasize? A systematic review,” Journal of Engineering Education 106.3 (2017): 475-526.[35] Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology, University of California, Berkeley. https://scet.berkeley.edu/[36] Harvard Innovation Labs, Harvard university. https://innovationlabs.harvard.edu/[37] Chun Kit Chui, Lei Yang, Ben Kao. “Empowering Students in Emerging Technology: A Framework for