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Displaying results 331 - 360 of 819 in total
Conference Session
Engineering Libraries (ELD) Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jay J. Bhatt, Drexel University (Eng.); Kevin P Drees, Oklahoma State University; Tom C. Volkening, Michigan State University; Carol A. Brach, University of Notre Dame; Mary L. Strife, West Virginia University; Amy S. Van Epps, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Bruce Neville, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
Rochester, and SUNY Utica/Rome. She currently the director of the Evansdale Library of West Virginia University where she has been employed for over seventeen years. In addition to STEM disciplines, she has experience in instruction, access, reference, and collection management.Amy S. Van Epps, Purdue University, West Lafayette Amy S. Van Epps is an associate professor of Library Science and engineering librarian at Purdue Uni- versity. She has extensive experience providing instruction for engineering and technology students, in- cluding Purdue’s first-year engineering program. Her research interests include finding effective methods for integrating information literacy knowledge into the undergraduate engineering
Collection
2013 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting
Authors
R. Radharamanan
Project-Based Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Engineering R. Radharamanan Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207AbstractThis paper highlights project-based innovation and entrepreneurship education activitiesdeveloped and implemented at Mercer University School of Engineering (MUSE). MUSEpromotes entrepreneurial mindset among engineering students through curriculum development,extracurricular activities, and involvement of students in the entrepreneurship program. It hasdeveloped and implemented a course sequence to integrate elements of entrepreneurship inengineering courses; develop an entrepreneurial mindset in
Conference Session
Hands-on/Experiential Learning
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniela Faas, Harvard University; Daniel D. Frey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
. Assessment and outcomes research has been done more vigorously in recentyears (see 19 for a comprehensive survey), and there have been many studies of design per se(e.g. 20, 21 ), and there are some assessment data on the impact of cornerstone project and designcourses.Olds and Miller9 reported that “average” engineering students at the Colorado School of Mines(CSM) recruited into a pilot integrated curriculum that was intended to allow students “todiscover and explore important connections among the humanities, physical and social sciences,and engineering subjects they studied in their first year at CSM” showed a 9% increase in the 5–year graduation rate, with much of the benefit being attributed to mentoring by senior faculty andthe development of
Conference Session
Materials
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John M Mativo, University of Georgia; Siddharth Savadatti, University of Georgia
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
nanoribbons (GNRs).Flexible foil substrate technology relies on embedding thermo-elements in epoxy [3]. Thisdesign is constrained by the level of epoxy thickness. Foil substrates are typically made offlexible epoxy film categorized as thin or thick and vary in thickness with an average 50 µm for Page 23.283.3thin and about 190 µm for thick. Thermocouple strips capable of generating voltage areembedded in the epoxy film [3]. Glatz et al (2006) argued that because of their limited thickness,thin film deposited materials have to be laid out lateral rather than vertical inducing thermallosses through the supporting material and limiting the integration
Conference Session
Community Engagement Division Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sarah Marie Brown, Northeastern University; Mario Alan Hulett, Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc.
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
Paper ID #7758Variety of Community Partnerships in Related ProgramsMiss Sarah Marie Brown, Northeastern University Sarah Brown is a Ph.D. student in Electrical Engineering at Northeastern University, Draper Laboratory Fellow and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. She completed her B.S. in Elec- trical Engineering at Northeastern University in May 2011. In addition to her studies, Sarah has been an active member of the National Society of Black Engineers, having previously served as a chapter leader at Northeastern’s Black Engineering Student Society and as the National Technical Outreach Community
Conference Session
Challenges in Engineering, Models in Professional Programs, Capstone Design and Function Generator for Educational Environment
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Russel C. Jones, World Expertise LLC; Bethany S. Jones, CQAIE
Tagged Divisions
International
the nation’s schools. Currently NCATE has about 656 members. (8) • TEAC (Teacher Education Accreditation Council) was founded in 1997 and currently has about 220 members. (9) Page 23.582.3 2Both NCATE and TEAC are recognized by the US Department of Education and CHEA(Council on Higher Education Accreditation). In 2010 NCATE and TEAC announced that in2013, their two organizations would join to form CAEP (Council for the Accreditation ofEducator Preparation). (2)Teacher education accreditation at the national level plays an integral role in
Conference Session
New Course Development Concepts in ET
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William T. Evans PhD P.E., University of Toledo
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
of the reasons to consider changes in the PLC courses and especially inthe senior course where complaints were most severe. While change was necessary, thecapital for buying any new equipment seemed an insurmountable challenge. However,steps taken to upgrade the coursework had to be taken.Observations of teaching the two courses over a number of years have been reviewed atthe conclusion of each class. The evaluations received with each class were noted andcomments were scrutinized to update labs and the class experience. It was noticed thatstudents were struggling more in the advanced course than the sophomore class. Thereseemed to be a division between those who desired a job in the manufacturing
Conference Session
Novel Teaching Methods In Engineering Technology
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Edward E. Osakue, Texas Southern University; Jonathan J. Lewis, Texas Southern University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
instructs students in engineering design, engineering graphics, and drafting. His research interests include economical design of mechanical and structural systems, low-velocity impact with friction, and effective curriculum delivery methods. Dr. Osakue can be reached at osakueee@tsu.edu. Dr. Jonathan J. Lewis is an Associate Professor and Graduate Faculty in the Department of Industrial Technology at Texas Southern University, Houston Texas. He is also the coordinator of the Graduate Program and Construction Technology Concentration in the Department. Dr. Lewis has been teaching technology courses for more than 25 years.Dr. Jonathan J. Lewis, Texas Southern University
Conference Session
Secondary (6-12) Outreach
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ethan Alexander Peritz, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; Morgan M Hynes, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
. Page 23.1283.3Therefore, a successful engineering curriculum must demonstrate the affects of both thoroughand partial research, celebrating the former and explaining the negative outcomes of the latter. 3Content knowledge, application, disciplinary integration, and teamwork combine within theEDP, making design-based projects an extremely meaningful learning experience. Step 9: Completion decision Step 1: Identify need or problem Step 2
Conference Session
POTPOURRI
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Afsaneh Minaie, Utah Valley University; Paymon Sanati-Mehrizy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Ali Sanati-Mehrizy; Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Utah Valley University
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
selected universities aroundthe world. Course offerings of sixty one universities were studied. From this study, it can beseen that universities are using six models to integrate computing intelligence concepts into their Page 23.316.5computer science and engineering curriculum: 1. Offering an undergraduate course on computational intelligence or one of its paradigms. 2. Offering a graduate course on computational intelligence. 3. Integrating computational intelligence paradigms into their traditional courses. 4. Offering a graduate degree on computational intelligence 5. Offering a minor in
Conference Session
Secondary (6-12) Outreach
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ibrahim F. Zeid, Northeastern University; Jessica Chin, Northeastern University; Sagar V. Kamarthi, Northeastern University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
improve STEM education and increase student interest have often reverted back toknown teaching methods like T4E (Teaching Teachings to Teach Engineering) and well-known problem-based learning (PBL) [1, 2]. However, the effectiveness of these methods lies in changing teachers’current pedagogies rather than modifying the actual content of how teachers teach. To help address thissituation, we have designed a method to educate teachers in a two-week professional developmentworkshop [3, 4]. Teachers learn how to properly integrate engineering techniques to modify their currentteaching content. We make a case that the integration of particular engineering methods in STEMclassrooms can make an impact and change the way students perceive STEM
Conference Session
K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sharlene Yang, Museum of Science; Lydia Beall, Museum of Science
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
Page 23.509.4materials. For their effort they receive a design challenge specific magnet. Catching the Wind: Designing Windmills, an example of the formal classroom curriculum In contrast, the formal classroom curriculum is mostly constrained by teachers’ need to meet state and national content standards. As engineering is not yet a part of most states’ elementary school standards, teachers will not be motivated to teach engineering in the classroom unless it reinforces skills in science, English language arts or mathematics. The EiE curriculum is designed to integrate engineering and technology concepts and skills with elementary science topics in grades 1-5.1 The EiE curriculum consists of 20 engineering units; each
Conference Session
Robotics and Automation II
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Guanghsu A. Chang, Western Carolina University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
MET program at _______________ (MnSU) not only has the opportunityto enhance students' hands-on practices and real world experiences, but also motives them forpursuing advances research and education in robotic vision, simulation and off-lineprogramming. Actually, robot hands-on experience plays a key role in engineering education. Itis an effective tool for student learning, as well as for encouraging participation in class learningand in research outside the classroom. In general, industrial robot programming subject can beintegrated with the MET curriculum in three different ways: (1) for manufacturing automationclass that is specifically designed to teach students how to program different industrial robots; (2)for Computer Integrated
Conference Session
It's Elementary
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chrissy Hobson Foster, Arizona State University; Jenefer Husman, Arizona State University; Christine Mendoza
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
design research methodology, in which an instructional model for integrating engineeringinto the elementary science classroom and its support curriculum will be repeatedly documented,analyzed, and revisedIn Spring 2012, a solar engineering design challenge was introduced in the fourth gradeclassroom. A researcher from the Quantum Energy and Sustainable Solar Technologies (QESST)worked alongside the fourth grade educator to provide in-classroom professional development tointroduce the engineering design challenge to the students using modeling, whiteboarding, andthe engineering design process as instructional techniques. This learning experience took placeduring science classroom time for a period of two and a half weeks with 24 students
Conference Session
Robotics and Automation II
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Antonio Jose Soares P.E., Florida A&M University/; G. Thomas Bellarmine P.E., Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Doreen Kobelo, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Rabbani Muhammad, Florida A&M University; Chao Li, Florida A&M University; Salman A. Siddiqui, Florida A&M University; Stacy C. Tinner Jr., Florida A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
) safety, facility performance evaluation, andprofessional team building. Educational curriculum that integrates robotic program topics, if not Page 23.568.11classes, will be essential in educating future electronic engineers and technologist to coexist andexcel in robotic design and application.ConclusionsThe implementation of the robotics course for the Electronic Engineering Technology programpresented some challenges when designing an adequate course curriculum. It was necessary toreconcile teaching material from different sources. After determining the course content, asuitable hardware platform to implement the theory presented in class
Conference Session
FPD 1: Projects and Teamwork in First-Year Courses
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Todd R Hamrick, West Virginia University; Robin A.M Hensel, West Virginia University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
Page 23.1012.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Putting the Fun in Programming Fundamentals - Robots Make Programs TangibleAbstractMany university first year programs seek to integrate kinesthetic projects into their fundamentalprogramming curriculum. This work describes an innovative hands-on method developed atWest Virginia University for teaching fundamental MATLAB programming through inductivelearning. Low cost, re-usable robotic kits were created using Arduino controllers and OWIrobots. Projects using the kits required the fundamental programming skills taught in the course.Learning outcomes met or exceeded expectations. The robotic application
Conference Session
FPD 6: Transitions and Student Success, Part II
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jerry Volcy, Spelman College; Carmen Sidbury, Spelman College
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
study major prior to the start of theirfreshman year. To satisfy this objective, the cross-disciplinary course that was developed isbased on completing a software-driven, electro-mechanical engineering project that, at varioustimes and to various extents, calls upon students to function in the capacity of an electricalengineer, a mechanical engineer, a technician, a mathematician, a computer scientist, aresearcher and a communicator of technical material. In so doing, the students gain insight abouthow engineers combine knowledge from these diverse disciplines to solve a real problem—inthis case, constructing and characterizing a 2-DOF, servoed laser system used to trace arbitrarypatterns against a wall. Using an "inverted curriculum" approach
Conference Session
POTPOURRI
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Afsaneh Minaie, Utah Valley University; Ali Sanati-Mehrizy; Paymon Sanati-Mehrizy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Utah Valley University
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
physiological functions in a hospital setting. Sensors today are effective for single measurements, however, are not integrated into a “complete body area network”, where many sensors are working simultaneously on an individual patient. Mobility is desired, but in many cases sensors have not yet become wireless. This creates the need for the implementation of new biomedical personal wireless networks with a common architecture and the capacity to handle multiple sensors, monitoring different body signals, with different requirements. The type and number of sensors must be configured according to monitoring needs related to different diseases, treatment, and the patient treatment life cycle12. WMSNs systems have several advantages over traditional wired
Collection
2013 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting
Authors
Liang Li Wu; Anis Hammoudeh; Gregory Washington
closer.The one and a half day communications conference consisted of morning and afternoonseminars, followed by evening networking sessions. Seminars explore the traditional areas ofmobile technologies, micro and nanotechnologies for information processing, and the emergingareas of cloud technologies and embedded systems with presentations delivered by professorsfrom UCI, UCLA, TAU and Technion University. An industry panel was brought together withleaders in the field to discuss from application point of view of how to integrate frontier researchwork into industry. We had over 140 participants from the academia and industry of OrangeCounty and Greater Los Angeles communities. Since we hoped to use the event as a launchingpad for increasing
Conference Session
NSF Grantees' Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ravi P. Ramachandran, Rowan University; Robi Polikar, Rowan University; Kevin D. Dahm, Rowan University; Robert M Nickel, Bucknell University; Richard J. Kozick, Bucknell University; Sachin Shetty, Tennessee State University; Ying Tang, Rowan University; Steven H Chin, Rowan University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Annual Conference, San Antonio, Texas, June 2012. 3. O. Farook, C. R. Sekhar, J. P. Agrawal and A. Ahmed, ``Multiprocessor Embedded System Design: A Course With Hardware/Software Integration”, ASEE Annual Conference, San Antonio, Texas, June 2012. 4. Y. Tang, L. M. Head, R. P. Ramachandran and L. Chatman, ``Integrating System on Chip in an Undergraduate ECE Curriculum”, ASEE Annual Conference, Austin, Texas, June 2009. 5. R. P. Ramachandran, P. Jansson, Y. Tang, L. M. Head and L. Chatman, ``Vertical Integration of System-on-Chip and Green Engineering Across the Undergraduate Curriculum”, IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Arlington, Virginia, Session T3J
Conference Session
NSF Grantees' Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lisa G. Huettel, Duke University; Michael R. Gustafson II, Duke University; Joseph C. Nadeau, Duke University; David Schaad, Duke University; Michael M Barger; Lisa Linnenbrink-Garcia, Duke University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Paper ID #6745A Grand Challenge-based Framework for Contextual Learning in Engineer-ingDr. Lisa G. Huettel, Duke University Dr. Lisa G. Huettel is an associate professor of the practice in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University where she also serves as associate chair and director of Undergraduate Studies for the department. She received a B.S. in Engineering Science from Harvard University and earned her M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Duke University. Her research interests are focused on engineering education, curriculum and laboratory development, and applications of
Conference Session
Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rebecca A Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Michael C. Loui, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
;Integrated Engineering at Minnesota State University, Mankato. She directs the Iron Range andTwin Cities Engineering programs, which integrate technical, design and professionalism contentin an upper-division, project-based learning curriculum. She was a 2011-12 AAAS Science andTechnology Policy Fellow at the Division of Engineering Education & Centers in the NationalScience Foundation and received a Fulbright to Brazil in 2009-10.SummaryIt is not unusual for faculty to teach outside of their comfort zone, but this is often definedin terms of technical competencies. Teaching ethical thinking can be a challenge since themethods and “answers” often appear to be different from typical classes. The goal of thisinteractive session and paper is to
Conference Session
...by Design
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Pat Ko, University of Texas, Austin; Stephanie Baker Peacock, The University of Texas - Austin; Taylor Martin, Utah State University; Jennifer Rudolph; Noel Hector Ramos, Department of Defense Dependent Schools
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
knowledge changes in pre-/posttest scores.Engineering Design BeliefsMosborg et al. (2005) contained a series of instruments that were developed to assessengineering design expertise and attitudes associated with expertise. The Design Survey we usedis one of the instruments from that study, and it consists of 27 Likert scale statements and beliefsabout engineering design. We divided the statements into those that indicated innovativeattitudes and those indicating efficiency attitudes. An example of something we classified asinnovative is “Creativity is integral to design, and in every design project creativity can befound.” An example of a statement that we classified as efficiency is “Good designers get it rightthe first time.” Questions without a
Conference Session
Community Engagement Division Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bowa George Tucker, UMass Lowell; David O Kazmer, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Chris Swan, Tufts University; Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Kurt Paterson P.E., Michigan Technological University; Annie Soisson, Tufts University
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
partnership programs. His expertise includes assessment in teaching and learning outcomes in k-12 and in higher education, diversity, leadership, community outreach, and curriculum development.Prof. David O Kazmer, University of Massachusetts, LowellDr. Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University Dr. Olga Pierrakos is an associate professor and founding faculty member of the James Madison Univer- sity Department of Engineering, which graduated its inaugural class in May 2012. At JMU, Dr. Pierrakos is the director of the Center for Innovation in Engineering Education (CIEE) and director of the Advanced Thermal Fluids Laboratory. Her interests in engineering education research center around recruitment and retention, engineer
Conference Session
Using Communication and Writing Techniques to Improve Student Learning
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Taryn Melkus Bayles, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
what they have studied and learned, integrate newknowledge with previous knowledge, as well as to help them become an active and aware learnerso that they can better understand how they learn. Their reflection topics included: the engineeringdesign process, engineering/math/science connections and technical writing. This paper features a description of the design project challenge and solutions. Alsoincluded is the grading rubric, which was provided to the students to use as a guide for thereflection assignment. In addition, a summary of the group design analysis and the individualreflection assignments is provided. Page
Conference Session
Sustainability and engineering education
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jennifer Mueller PE P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; John Aidoo, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Environmental Engineering
educators in civil engineering, it is not always easy to find room inthe rigid curriculum to integrate sustainable design principles as a fundamental component intechnical civil engineering courses. While still providing the necessary technical knowledge todesign solutions, it is also important to balance this, in an effective way, with a broader approachto problem solving that includes ideas of sustainable development across the curriculum4.Following curricular goals during the freshman year, as presented by Vanasupa and Splitt(2004)5, this paper focuses on providing an awareness of sustainability issues and sustainabledesign principles in an introduction to design course for first-year civil engineering students
Conference Session
Computational/CS Initiatives
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nikunja Swain P.E., South Carolina State University; Wanda Moses, South Carolina State University; James Allen Anderson, South Carolina State University; Cynthia T Davis, SC State University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
, Austin,TX..5. Elaine L., Mack, Lynn G. (2001), “Developing and Implementing an Integrated Problem-basedEngineering Technology Curriculum in an American Technical College System” Community CollegeJournal of Research and Practice, Vol. 25, No. 5-6, pp. 425-439.6. Buniyamin, N, Mohamad, Z., 2000 “Engineering Curriculum Development: Balancing EmployerNeeds and National Interest--A Case Study” – Retrieved from ERIC database.7. Kellie, Andrew C., And Others. (1984), “Experience with Computer-Assisted Instruction inEngineering Technology”, Engineering Education, Vol. 74, No. 8, pp712-715. Page 23.317.12
Collection
2013 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Franco Capaldi
from student to student answer questions and monitoring studentprogress.Students are required to prove proficiency in each of the 12 subtopics. Students can completeassessment exams during any class period. If a student fails to achieve mastery of a topic, theycan retake the exam during another class period. An integrated midterm and final forces studentsto revisit previous topics and ensures that they maintain a reasonable schedule in terms of topicmastery. Theoretically, a bright and self-motivated student could achieve proficiency in all topicswithin 12 lecture periods.Conclusions:Student comments, observation of student behavior by the author, and performance on masteryexams have led the author to the following conclusions: • Online
Conference Session
POTPOURRI
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey Chastine, Southern Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
students innew ways. For example, Guzdial proposed an introductory media-centric programming coursefor non-majors, in which students manipulated sound, images and other media [14]. Othershave argued for game-based projects, and some have integrated gaming throughout theircomputing curriculum [15, 16]. Alternatively, some educators have introduced hardware into theclassroom. For example, Mahmoud uses mobile devices extensively through many computingcourses, enabling students to work with their own, personal devices [17]. Others have attemptedusing robotics in their curriculum, but have experienced varying results in student success [18].Overall, it is apparent that many educators are concerned with the current state of computingeducation, and are
Conference Session
Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Chiou, Drexel University ; Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.); M. Eric Carr, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
in manufacturing and industrial resources toreduce the environmental impact of their produced products and services. Greenmanufacturing is an emerging field in recent years and is also the sustainabledevelopment model for modern manufacturing industries. Sustainable greenmanufacturing encompasses the concept of combining technical issues of design andmanufacturing, energy conservation, pollution prevention, health and safety ofcommunities and consumers. The goal of this paper is to assess the current graduateengineering technology online program curriculum at Drexel University (DU) withregard to sustainable and green manufacturing predominantly metal working basedmanufacturing curriculum. In this paper we will discuss key environmental