Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Larisa Olesova, University of Florida; Ayesha Sadaf, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Ioulia Rytikova, George Mason University; Mihai Boicu, George Mason University; Harry J Foxwell, George Mason University

case-based activities.Introduction and Literature ReviewThere is an increasing volume of academic publications addressing the need to understand thedifferences between STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and non-STEM students learning in inquiry-based courses [1]. Such studies help researchers andpractitioners create a meaningful learning experience for students across various disciplineswhere metacognitive skills (self-regulation) are required as part of the workforce.A significant contrast exists in the teaching and learning approaches used in STEM educationcompared to non-STEM disciplines and in the activities in which students are involved. STEMstudents often participate in hands-on projects designed to help them

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 9: Establishing and Sustaining Inclusive Learning Communities for Supporting Faculty Creating More Inclusive Engineering Classrooms

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Dianne Delima, University of California, Irvine; Pheather R Harris, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Paper ID #40671Advancing Inclusion: A Professional Development Series for Faculty at aHispanic Serving InstitutionDr. Dianne Delima, University of California, Irvine Dr. Dianne G. Delima is the Project Policy Analyst for The Institute for Meaningful Engagement (TIME). Dr. Delima received her doctorate in Higher and Postsecondary Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, where she focused on the learning experiences of first-generation college-going students of color and faculty members’ use of a funds of knowledge approach for teaching in college classrooms. Her research has been published in College Teaching and

Conference Session

Track 7: Technical Session 5: TechArts & Crafts: Supporting STEM Capital Development for Marginalized Students

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Shaundra Bryant Daily, Duke University; Sandra Roach, Duke University; Alia Carter, Duke University; Raeven King; Mark Nabeta

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

completedactivating different sounds and musical notes in theirScratch programs! This project fuses art and musiccomposition in an incredibly inventive way. 10 Foiled @Mon View Housing ProjectsIn a similar workshops, students construct foil sculpturesthat connect to the Makey Makey invention kit andScratch to trigger sounds and music when touched. Theirimaginations shape both the 3D artwork and the soundsthey design. 11 AMAZE-ing Creations @ beSocial CharlotteAnd one of my favorites, students code maze games inScratch using arrow keys to move characters through thelevels. The students created a game controller out ofPlay-Doh which when

Conference Session

Track 4: Technical Session 7: Siloed Efforts and Collaboration Among STEM Equity Initiatives: An Organizational Network Analysis

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Daniel Mackin Freeman, University of Washington; Emily Knaphus-Soran, University of Washington; Pauline Charlotte Dott, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

focuses on how school structure and curricular emphases both result from and perpetuate social inequalities.Dr. Emily Knaphus-Soran, University of Washington Emily Knaphus-Soran is a Senior Research Scientist at the Center for Evaluation and Research for STEM Equity (CERSE) at the University of Washington. She works on the evaluation of several projects aimed at improving diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEM.Pauline Charlotte Dott, University of Washington Pauline C. Dott is a Ph.D. candidate in Learning Sciences and Human Development at the University of Washington in Seattle. She received her BS in Applied Learning and Development from the University of Texas at Austin and her M.Ed. from the University of

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Shabnam Wahed, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

environmental and socialjustice may be more likely to seek out careers that align with their values [3]. Besides, by takingsustainability-focused courses, attending conferences, and participating in extracurricularactivities related to sustainability [3], students can learn about the challenges facing our planetand the various ways that engineers can help mitigate them. A study conducted by the NationalAcademy of Engineering (NAE) found that undergraduate engineering students who participatedin sustainability-focused service-learning projects were more likely to pursue careers insustainability-related fields [4]. Career opportunities are another important factor that influencessustainability-related career choices among engineering students. As the

Collection

2022 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Annual Conference

Authors

Doga Yucalan, Cornell University; Celia A. Evans PhD, Cornell University; Lisa Schneider-Bentley, Cornell University

the semester, four of the six participating TAs completed anonymous surveys, includingLikert-scale and narrative-style questions regarding their experiences with this program. In general, twoof the four TAs had a very positive experience, learned more about student-centered teaching, feltadequately supported, and strongly agreed that they gained confidence. Three of the four TAs hadexperiences that ranged from slightly positive to very positive. One TA was not and is not interested inteaching and did not gain much from participation. (Likely this was not a good candidate for participationin a teaching-focused project, but perhaps the value was helping them decide against teaching in theirfuture.) Overall, the TAs’ narrative responses suggest

Collection

2023 PSW

Authors

Noelle Kartvedt; Kaela Martin; Johann Dorfling; Joseph Smith

prepare students for high-level CAD applications by increasing sufficiency and understanding of CAD modeling. We foundthat after implementation student scores on the timed CATIA certification were significantlyhigher than with the previous class model indicating that these changes resulted in a betterunderstanding of CAD modeling and formation of expertise.IntroductionComputer aided design has become a key component for successful design engineers. CADapplications allow engineers to increase design efficiency, accuracy, standardization, andcreativity while decreasing labor and time [1]. The way that engineers implement CAD toolsgreatly affects early designs and can set the course of a project. Both experienced and youngengineers need to be

Conference Session

Liberal Education Revisited: Five Historical Perspectives

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Larson have come to view professional stature and jurisdictional claimsas part of a “professional project” entered into by all occupations that are in a position to claimsome socially beneficial form of expertise.16 Still, this basic “relational” approach that focuses onthe social relations among the occupations is of little value, in and of itself, for analyzingdifferences among the professions, or for understanding how specific professions operate.From this point of view, Edwin Layton‟s early analysis of engineering professional societiesremains quite useful for thinking in terms of different and distinct “professional configurations.”Extracting from what he and others have written, the two most frequently noted features of theU.S. engineering

Conference Session

Innovative Adult and Technology Enhanced Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gale Tenen Spak, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Peter Schmitt, Schmitt & Associates, LLC; Cesar Bandera, Cell Podium LLC

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

to North Jersey under the Workforce Innovation for Regional Economic Development (WIRED) initiative.Peter Schmitt, Schmitt & Associates, LLC Peter Schmitt has extensive experience in both academia and industry. He started out with a study of physics at the University of Wuerzburg, Germany. He did his Ph.D. at DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron) in Hamburg and work at CERN (Geneva) as a postdoctoral research assistant for Harvard University. Peter Schmitt went into industry starting as project manager for the development or car phones at AEG in Ulm. In 1995 he moved to the United States to work for BASF in various IT positions, among them Director of Infrastructure in the U.S. and Project Leader for SAP

Conference Session

Structural Education Applications in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pyo-Yoon Hong, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

Page 22.1362.9 semester for future references.Student Evaluation and SurveysCourse evaluations and mid-term surveys over the last 3 years reveal that student stronglysupport this teaching methodology. The term project and small-scale models have received themost favorable feedback. Construction toys and physical demonstrators rank the second, the 3-Dinteractive demonstration tool the third, the real-time simulation sessions the fourth and theconventional mathematical approach sessions the last. Another sign of the students’ support isthat the enrollment for this class, among 4 sections of the same course, becomes full on the veryfirst day of registration while the numbers of enrollment of other sections still remain low. Mostimportantly, an

Conference Session

Program Criteria, Assessment, and Sustainability in Civil Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa M. Bilec, University of Pittsburgh; Chris Hendrickson, Carnegie Mellon University; Amy E. Landis, University of Pittsburgh; Scott Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

engineersinto student projects as the assistant director of education outreach in the Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation, Pitt’s center for green design.Chris Hendrickson, Carnegie Mellon UniversityAmy E. Landis, University of PittsburghH. Scott Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University H. Scott Matthews is a Professor in the Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and En- gineering & Public Policy and the Research Director of the Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. The Green Design Institute is an interdisciplinary research consortium at Carnegie Mellon fo- cused on identifying and assessing the environmental impacts of systems and helping businesses manage their use of resources and toxic

Conference Session

Simulation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert L. Avanzato, Pennsylvania State University, Abington

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

will be briefly discussed below. The first project to be described is an interactive, 3D virtual exhibit thatdemonstrates and teaches basic mobile robot programming. The exhibit requires users tocreate a list of commands to control the motion of a mobile robot in a maze (see Figures 3and 4). The goal for the user is to create an appropriate sequence of commands whichresult in a successful navigation of the maze. Users can create simple notecards inSecond Life and insert text commands such as “Forward 2.5” which translates into movethe robot forward for 2.5 seconds. Commands allow for motion to be applied for avariable amount of time, and also permit turning. These notecards can be dropped into therobot object, then can be parsed by the

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Eric Davis, Purdue University; David M. Whittinghill, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

“commercial” game can be when itis discreetly filled with educational content. In this project, topics relating to introductorycomputer science will be used as the educational subject matter.IntroductionWe have been developing a modification of an existing commercial video game to investigatethe feasibility of adapting them toward educational objectives. The game we are using is a “first-person shooter”, meaning that the player inhabits a digital avatar character and sees the virtualworld through the eyes of the avatar. We are creating a gauntlet-style series of game levels thatscale up and down in difficulty based on the player’s understanding of basic computerprogramming principles. The player’s goal is to survive the level while also maximizing

Conference Session

Knowing Ourselves: Research on Engineering Education Researchers

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xin (Cindy) Chen, Purdue University; Nikitha Sambamurthy, Purdue University; Corey M. Schimpf, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Hanjun Xian, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Krishna Madhavan, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

what folksonomies looked like10,28.Most of this research used extant social tagging systems such as Flickr and Del.icio.us to collectdata12,20. Now that many of their key properties are better understood, further studies areemploying social tagging as a research tool to investigate research topics beyond socialtagging—often creating their own social tagging system. One well known example is thesteve.museum project where social tagging is being used to collect user descriptions of onlineholdings to enhance access and engagement29,30. Other projects include Jackon’s31 work onknowledge capture using social tagging to establish connections between captured tacit andprofessional knowledge within a large business organization. Another is Yew et al

Conference Session

To Boldly Go... Engineering Librarians Explore New Connections with Users

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aleteia Greenwood, University of British Columbia; Eugene Barsky, University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

introductoryscience education in physics, astronomy, chemistry, computer science, earth and oceanscience, and biology for individuals who have historically had difficulty accessing auniversity education 5. This is a free four-month, non-credit course offered to residents ofVancouver's Downtown Eastside and other inner-city communities, and no pre-requisiteknowledge is required. Inspired by the success of Humanities 101 6, 7, Science 101 beganin 2000, with an average of 25 students attending per year. Originally “funding for theprogram came from the UBC Alma Mater Society's Innovative Projects Fund, thePresident's Office and the Society for Canadian Women in Science and Technology.” 8How Librarians Got InvolvedOver the course of the past ten years, two UBC

Conference Session

ETD Design V: Classroom Delivery, Course Content, and Assessments

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Dunning, University of Maine; Rosemary A. LaMountain, University of Maine; Linda Liscomb, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

University of Maine Industrial Assessment Center where he supervised the completion of over 200 in- dustrial assessments for New England manufacturers. In 2002, the center evolved into the University of Maine Advanced Manufacturing Center. As Executive Director of the AMC, he coordinated engineering outreach projects to support economic development in the state as well as supporting research centers on the University of Maine campus. Dr. Dunning is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Maine and previous Chair of the Maine Section of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He is a Certified Energy Manager and provides C.E.M. training for the Association of Energy Engineers both nationally and

Conference Session

ETD Design III: Materials and Metallurgy

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mir M. Atiqullah, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

demonstratedthrough this project. Two minority students and then two honors research students benefittedfrom studying and testing creep behaviors of polymers on this tester. Limited set of results weredeveloped which clearly conformed to notions that both high temperature and higher stressdirectly affect thermal properties8, 9 of creep rate and creep life. A lot was learned about creepfailure and research experimentation for creep testing. The successful design, construction and Page 22.1569.8then testing of the tester triggered high interest in materials science in general and undergraduateresearch in specific. The materials lab at Southern Polytechnic State

Conference Session

Techniques to Enhance Environmental Engineering Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip J. Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

screencasts to present example problems. Screencasts arerecordings of computer screen activity with supporting audio narrative. I have created severalscreencasts using a PC, microphone, and Camtasia software. I have used this software to createa series of screencasts for my Introduction to Environmental Engineering course. Students candownload and view the screencasts outside of class whenever they wish and wherever they haveinternet access.BackgroundScreencasts are recordings of on-screen activity and associated voice instructions. They havemost commonly been used as tutorials to teach computer software1 as they record mousemovements and clicks. For this project, I used Camtasia software and a headset withmicrophone.The screencasts were created in

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students, Diversity, and Assessment

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert M. Brooks, Temple University; Amithraj Amavasai; Jyothsna Kavuturu

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Minorities in Engineering

style that is dominant. In traditional lecture classesstudents with the first three styles might find it more difficult to learn since they are not providedwith the experiences they need to master the material. Since it is difficult for them to understand,memorize, recall and meaningfully apply abstract concepts and formulas they will also haveproblems with examinations. In an unbiased population each learning style is equallyrepresented. If we project that 25% of the population fall in each learning style, approximately75% of the class will have problems mastering material that is presented in a lecture format.This becomes obvious when looking at test results. Few students have full mastery of theconcepts and, therefore, few score 100% on the

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyndi Lynch, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jiabin Zhu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

; Project-management skills; Structure and functions CV/Resume preparation; of NSF; Interviewing skills; Business etiquette; The importance of choosing a mentor;Table 2. Major learning outcomes from sessions by invited speakers.DiscussionFrom the findings, students obtained focused information and learned about professionaldevelopment skills over the first two weeks’ sessions. The skills learned include communicationskills, networking skills, and CV/resume preparation skills. They also learned the importance ofdeveloping a professional identity and emphasizing their impact in career statements (either

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Baxter-Baines, Rowan University; Caitlin Nicole Dillard, Rowan University; Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

semesterFreshman Engineering course at Rowan University.AcknowledgementsThis project was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, ECC 0540855 andDUE-0126902. Page 22.513.8References                                                                                                                       1 Stephanie Farrell, Robert P. Hesketh, Mariano J. Savelski, and C. Stewart Slater. “Drug DeliveryExperiments in the ChE Curriculum.” 2005, American Society for Engineering Education. 2 Mathiowitz, Edith

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Faculty Development

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia C. Fry, Baylor University; William M. Jordan, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Effectively collaborate in a team setting 2. Apply critical and creative thinking to ambiguous problems 3. Construct and effectively communicate a customer-appropriate value proposition 4. Persist through failure to do what is needed to succeed 5. Effectively manage projects and apply the commercialization process 6. Demonstrate voluntary social responsibility 7. Relate personal liberties and free enterprise to entrepreneurshipWe will continue to work with the KEEN this summer and fall on the deployment andassessment of the KEEN Assessment Program, and feel that this is a critically necessary piece intelling the story of the successes in the KEEN programs, including Baylor’s KEEN Innovatorsprogram.The Future of the KEEN

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Potpourri II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert G. Olsen, Washington State University; Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University; Kirk A Reinkens, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

-semester senior design capstone sequence. She has served as evaluator on a number of multi-institutional, interdisciplinary NSF sponsored grants. She is principal investigator on a NSF Research and Evaluation on Education in Science and En- gineering project called ”A Direct Method for Teaching and Measuring Engineering Professional Skills: A Validity Study.”Kirk A Reinkens, Washington State University Page 22.677.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Experience with the College-Wide Transition from Paper to On-Line Course EvaluationsAbstractIn

Conference Session

Structural Education Applications in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole C. McDaniel, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Graham C. Archer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Blake A. Roskelley, CYS Structural Engineers, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

Engineering Senior Project. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 2008.5. (Humar 1990) Humar, J. L. “Dynamics of Structures.” Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1990.6. (MathWorks 2009) MathWorks Inc. “Matlab 7 Getting Started Guide.” The MathWorks Inc. Natick, MA, 2009.7. (McDaniel and Archer 2009) McDaniel, C.C., Archer, G. “Developing a ‘Feel’ for Structural Behavior.” American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference, 2009. Page 22.682.88. (McDaniel and Archer 2010a) McDaniel, C.C., Archer, G. C. “Full-scale, Real-time Building Dynamics Laboratory.” 9th U.S. National and 10th

Conference Session

Focus on Entry Experiences in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne M. Kresta, University of Alberta; Inci Ayranci, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

handled both the degrees of freedom analysis andthe conflicting data.4. Failure number 1 – Project assignment and/or daily problem assignments At several points in the first development steps, the solution called “assign more practiceproblems!” was tried. The first time, 2-3 problems were assigned for each lecture. The secondtime, one of the Felder and Rousseau case studies was done in its entirety over the course of theterm. Mostly, this made the students exhausted, frustrated, and overwhelmed with work. Therewas some improvement in performance on the final exam, but that group of students also cameback years later with vivid memories – not of what they learned –but of how much they sufferedin the course. Recent research shows that deep

Conference Session

Biological & Agricultural Technical Session II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael E. Manoogian, Loyola Marymount University

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

just beginning at the time that the article was submitted.Resources included a large classroom, projection system, laptop and an Internetconnection.Course Goals Assessment Using a scoring rubric consisting of proficiency scores from 1 to 4, the coursegoals were assessed using an assignment from the 2010 class with a score of 3 serving asthe benchmark. Table 1 shows the scoring rubric and corresponding levels ofproficiency.Proficiency DescriptionScore 4 Clear on concept, few minor errors 3 Minor conceptual errors 2 Major conceptual errors, some understanding 1 No conceptual understanding Page

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sara A. Atwood, Elizabethtown College; Tomas Estrada, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

of the visit (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 minutes) • individual or group • seated or standing • written work (on a white board or blank piece of paper) or noneAt the end of the semester we also recorded the number of emails exchanged with the student, aswell as any significant time spent with the student doing other activities, such as student clubs,department events, advising, additional projects or research, or sports. The college’s InstitutionalReview Board approved all data collection and protocols for protecting student’s identities. Allstudents gave their informed consent to participate in the study.First we examined the characteristics of all the student-faculty interaction, and compared theinteraction

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Punit Deotale, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

are needed to better prepare new engineers for these challenging tasks.Relatively few instructional technology development efforts have focused on the area ofautomated system design and education. However, there are two related projects related to Page 22.435.2control of automated systems using PLC programming. For example, LogixPro 500(http://www.thelearningpit.com/) employs animated educational simulations of processes, suchas traffic control and batch mixing, to show how a ladder diagram relates to an automatedprocess. Students can start and stop the animations, and study the corresponding ladder diagramfor certain conditions or cases.The

Conference Session

Topics Related to Telecommunications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuhong Zhang, Texas Southern University; Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University; Lawrence O Kehinde P.E., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

reconstruction, PCM encoding/decoding,ASK, FSK and QPSK. Specially, as a course project, students used this equipment recordingtheir own speech signals, applied various modulation techniques they learned in classroom toprocess and transmit these signals and finally obtained the recovered speech signal from thereceiver. These kinds of experiments not only stimulated students’ interest but also enhancedtheir understanding of the principle of communication systems.Both Figure 9 and Figure 10 below show the wave form obtained by students from the labexperiments. They are Amplitude Modulation (AM) signal and Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)signal, respectively. Next, we will use two experiments, AM and ASK as examples to show howthese lab experiments helping our

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlos R. Morales, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

capabilities. These types of eBooks tend to contain embedded audio, video,simulations, and text into a centralized platform. In a nutshell, these are books with embeddedmultimedia capabilities.Our ApproachBased on a the idea that we could create a process for delivering a better book, we decided towork with eAcademicBooks to develop a multi-platform eBook capable of delivering text,multimedia (video, 3D, audio), and assessments across a variety of platforms including PC, Mac,iPad, and Mobile phones (iPhone, Android, Symbian, Win Mobile 7, Java ME).While the goal of the project was clearly grounded in the creation of the technology to create theeBooks platform, we decided early on that we needed to create a technological publishingplatform that managed