Collection

2016 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Orla Smyth LoPiccolo

methodologicalapproach to the assembly of the building’s envelope, materials and systems. The integration ofbuilding code requirements, life safety, accessibility, building energy systems, structure,construction, and materials are central to effectively achieving design intent. Knowledge fromMaterials and Method of Construction I and II, Energy in Buildings and Graphics are applied tospecific drawing assignments. A residential Type V construction, and a commercial Type II orType III construction, building project will be advanced, resulting in a set of constructiondocuments. Note: This course includes a required laboratory designed to provide extra time forthe studio experience.”3Prior to joining Farmingdale State College, the author was an architect and

Collection

2016 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Ralph C. Tillinghast; Edward A. Petersen

andmentor them. For students with less demanding aspirations Picatinny has experienced significantsuccess with its STEM Video Competitions. Students create short STEM related videos fordistribution on social media sites. Winning students receive prizes like cameras or GoPro’s.Virtual Science Challenges9 & Internet Based Outreach, while lacking the impact of personalinteractions, can demonstrate effectiveness when other options are not available, as when livingin remote locations with no STEM professionals available for hundreds of kilometers. iii. ToursSchool Field Trips to meet scientists and engineers in their actual laboratories have caused ahigher percentage of participating students to desire STEM careers than other individual types

Collection

2016 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Benito Mendoza

On Using Simulators and a Hybrid Approach for an Internetworking Technology Course Benito Mendoza | bmendoza@citytech.cuny.edu Department of Computer Engineering Technology New York City College of TechnologyThis paper presents an implementation of a hybrid course in advanced computer networksfocused on internetworking technologies. Professional networking equipment is expensive andsetting up a big enough networking laboratory can be costly. To overcome this problem, thecourse makes use of online and offline computer networks simulators that help the students topractice the concepts and skills required to obtain a

Conference Session

Ethical Reasoning and Responsibility

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra S. Fuentes, Brigham Young University; Gregg Morris Warnick, Brigham Young University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Randall Davies, Brigham Young Unversity

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

engineering ethics dilemma.27 And in a related study, Loui usedinterview data to show how formal instructional interventions can help reinforce and expandstudent awareness of, and commitments to, social and ethical responsibility.28 Clancy, Quinn, &Miller similarly used focus groups and surveys to assess their “case study laboratory” approach,finding significant improvements in students’ awareness of ethical issues.29However, very different results emerged from Drake et al.’s comparison of two kinds of ethicsinstruction, namely a full semester ethics course and an engineering course that included anethics module.30 Their results, based on DIT-2 scores, showed that neither approach resulted insignificant improvement in students’ moral development

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Douglas E. Melton, Kern Family Foundation

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

the First Year Engineering Experience committee, chair for the LTU KEEN Course Modification Team, chair for the LTU Leadership Curriculum Committee, supervisor of the LTU Thermo-Fluids Laboratory, coordinator of the Certificate/Minor in Aeronautical Engineering, and faculty advisor of the LTU SAE Aero Design Team. Dr. Gerhart conducts workshops on active, collaborative, and problem-based learning, entrepreneurial mindset education, creative problem solving, and innovation. He is an author of a fluid mechanics textbook.Dr. Doug E. Melton, Kern Family Foundation c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Entrepreneurially Minded Learning: Incorporating Stakeholders, Discovery

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session - Understanding and Improving Female Faculty Experiences in STEM

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Kasi Jackson, West Virginia University ; Joel Alejandro Mejia, Angelo State University; Maja Husar Holmes, West Virginia University; Rachel R. Stoiko, West Virginia University

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity, Engineering Deans Council

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Conference Session

Capstone Design Courses II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April M. Bryan, Western Washington University; John Andrew Lund, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

manual assembly operations within a laboratory setting, there was a PFRthat specified that the components had to be appropriately configured and sized to be easilymanipulated by robots. There was a PFR that specified the component swapping, rather thanscaling product family differentiation would be used for the product family. This PFR wasnecessary to ensure that the developed product family would have a significant impact on theperformance of the WeRMST. The remaining PFRs specified that the product family needed tobe cost effective and aesthetically pleasing.Following the specification of the PFRs, the next step involved the search for candidate PFs thatmet the PFRs. This search was performed in four (4) sub-steps. First the team identified

Conference Session

Developing Infrastructure Professionals

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Schmucker P.E., University of Utah; Joshua Lenart, University of Utah; Steven J. Burian P.E., University of Utah; Amir Mohaghegh Motlagh, University of Utah

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

public policy, assessing stakeholder needs and desires, resource analysis, and collective impact engagement. Currently, he is working closely with several local and national organizations to research and rally opposition against the transfer of federal public lands to state governance.Dr. Steven J. Burian P.E., University of Utah Dr. Steven J. Burian is an associate professor in the Urban Water Group in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Utah. Dr. Burian’s career spans more than a decade during which he has worked in design engineering, as a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, as a profes- sor at the University of Arkansas and the University of Utah, and as a director of

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Assessment

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. Four of the six give direct measures based on student work (SW, CP,SD, FE) and two are indirect measures based on surveys (SS and AS).The courses are reviewed to ensure coverage of all of the Student Outcomes which each graduateof the program is expected to know and be able to do by the time of graduation. These skills,knowledge and behaviors are acquired as they progress through the program and differentcourses emphasize different outcomes. For example, the laboratory courses emphasize (b)experimental skills and the numerical methods class emphasize (k) computer skills. Syllabi arereviewed by the Assessment Committee which provides feedback to the instructor. Each syllabiis consistent with the overall expectations of SOs for the program

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald F. DeMara, University of Central Florida; Navid Khoshavi, University of Central Florida; Steven D. Pyle, University of Central Florida; John Edison, University of Central Florida; Richard Hartshorne, University of Central Florida; Baiyun Chen, University of Central Florida; Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida; Ronald F. DeMara, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #14457Redesigning Computer Engineering Gateway Courses Using a Novel Reme-diation HierarchyProf. Ronald F. DeMara, University of Central Florida Ronald F. DeMara is a Professor in the College of Engineering and Computer Science (CECS) with 23 years of university-level faculty experience in Electrical and Computer Engineering disciplines. He has completed 180+ technical and educational publications, 34 funded projects as PI/Co-I, and established two research laboratories. He serves as the Computer Engineering Program Coordinator, the founding Director of the Evaluation and Proficiency Center (EPC) in CECS, and

Conference Session

Research on Diversification, Inclusion, and Empathy II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna K. Garner, Old Dominion University; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Christine Haas, Engineering Ambassadors Network; Avi Kaplan, Temple University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

, Brookhaven National Laboratory, European Southern Observatory (Chile), Simula Research Laboratory (Norway) and the University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign. Christine works closely with Penn State University faculty Michael Alley (The Craft of Scientific Presentations and The Craft of Scientific Writing) and Melissa Marshall (TED, ”Talk Nerdy to Me”) on these courses. Christine is also the director of the Engineering Ambassadors Network, a start-up organization at 25 plus universities worldwide that teaches presentation skills to undergraduate engineering students, particularly women and underrepresented groups in engineering. These Engineering Ambassadors develop valuable leadership and communication skills, which

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Research to Practice: K-12 Engineering Resources: Best Practices in Curriculum Design (Part 1)

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan D. Hertel, Museum of Science; Christine M. Cunningham, Museum of Science; Gregory John Kelly, Pennsylvania State University; Cathy P. Lachapelle, Museum of Science

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa L. Larkin, American University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

learning can take on many forms – from traditional tests and quizzes towritten laboratory reports, research papers, projects, etc. The focus of this paper will be toprovide a discussion about ways to incorporate writing into the curriculum as well as to providesome examples of how writing-based tools can be used to assess student learning. To this end,the use of rubrics can be very worthwhile for both the students and the instructor. As Spurlin hasindicated and modeled, the use of carefully crafted rubrics can be a useful way to demonstratethat students have met the criterion whether the communication is through either written or oralform3. In addition, the use of a carefully crafted rubric can help reduce the overall time neededto grade a

Conference Session

Assessment I: Developing Assessment Tools

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wajid Hussain, The Islamic University in Madinah; Fong K. Mak P.E., Gannon University; Mohammad Faroug Addas, The Islamic University in Madinah

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David J. Frank, The Ohio State University; Kevin J. Witt, The Ohio State University; Chris Hartle; Jacob J. Enders, The Ohio State University; Veronica Beiring, The Ohio State University; Richard J. Freuler, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 A Low-Cost Robot Positioning System for a First-Year Engineering Cornerstone Design ProjectAbstractResearchers in autonomous robotic design have leveraged a variety of technologies to simulatethe Global Positioning System (GPS) on a smaller laboratory or commercial scale. In the interestof cost and accuracy, a system was developed for The Ohio State University Fundamentals ofEngineering for Honors (FEH) Program's "Cornerstone" Design Project. The system utilizes highdefinition commercial web cameras to accurately simulate a GPS for the autonomous robotscreated by students.For the past 21 years The Ohio State University has provided a "Cornerstone" Design

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia; Douglas Muir, University of Virginia; Elizabeth P. Pyle, University of Virginia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

housed in the School of Engineering,coordinates a network of entrepreneurship-related programs and activities open to all studentsregardless of major or school within the institution. We start with the premise that there are twokinds of innovation: market-pull and knowledge-push. Market-pull innovations are those inwhich entrepreneurs identify a customer need first through customer discovery and then seek thetechnology required. Business schools traditionally focus on teaching entrepreneurs how torespond to market-pulls. Knowledge-pull innovations originate with an inventor or scientist; theentrepreneur then strives to connect the laboratory discovery and technical innovations with acustomer need. We believe that knowledge-push innovations often

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies: Electrical and Control Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oscar Ortiz, LeTourneau University; Paul R. Leiffer P.E., LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

engineering problems in the workplace. A vast amount of research has beendedicated to the study of new teaching methods and laboratory curricula to ensure that ourstudents are understanding, learning, and applying this knowledge to solve problems1,2,3.Project-based learning (PBL) provides students with a broader context to the material learned inclass. With project-based learning students shift from a passive to an active learning pattern thatis likely to improve knowledge retention as well as the ability to integrate material from differentcourses4. Each project provides students with the opportunity to apply the knowledge they havelearned in classes, and each problem they face in the project inspires them to explore the materialmore deeply in

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Evaluation: Exploring the Impact of Summer Programs on K-12 Youth (Part 1)

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afrin Naz, West Virginia University Institute of Technology; Kenan Hatipoglu, West Virginia University Institute of Technology; Mingyu Lu, West Virginia University Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

, power system control, renewable energy resources and power electronics.Dr. Mingyu Lu, West Virginia University Institute of Technology Mingyu Lu received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Tsinghua University, Bei- jing, China, in 1995 and 1997 respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Uni- versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2002. From 1997 to 2002, he was a research assistant at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From 2002 to 2005, he was a postdoctoral research associate at the Electromagnetics Laboratory in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was an assistant professor with

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 10

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian E. Moyer, University of Pittsburgh - Johnstown

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

semester-long data collectionand analysis project which included a fun laboratory experiment to motivate students. Mini-companies of two students each were asked to treat the project as if they had been hired toperform a consulting job for a customer – their professor. The project provided context for theproduction of a series of typical engineering consulting documents: a formal introductory email,a follow-up cover letter, a meeting summary memo, a project specification document includingan estimate/quote, project planning documentation, an interim technical progress report andfinancial summary, and a final technical report were woven through the fabric of the course.Three iterations later, with minor continuous improvement modification based on

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane Gage Stout, Computing Research Association; Neslihan Burcin Tamer, Computing Research Association

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

stereotype endorsement (x-axis) and aself-conception (y-axis) as a function of whether students participated in collaborative learning. Dashedlines represent the 95% confidence intervals. Consistent with Table 1, the maximum value displayed forstereotype endorsement (x-axis) is 3.5.DiscussionA recent recruiting advertisement featuring female software engineer Isis Wenger resulted in a barrageof scrutiny on social media concerning whether or not Wenger actually worked as an engineer at theadvertised company. 4 Further, esteemed Nobel Laureate and biochemist Tim Hunt, recently made apublic statement that the “trouble with girls” who work in research laboratories is that they “fall in lovewith you and when you criticize them, they cry”. 24 These are

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Danielson, Arizona State University; Huong Huu Diem Nguyen, Arizona State University; Kathy Denise Wigal, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

education systems, other ASEAN countries struggle to adequately fundhigher education. Any accreditation process will incur both fixed (those costs not controlled bythe institution, e.g., accreditation fees paid to the accrediting body) and variable costs (thosecosts controlled by the institution, e.g., consultants or internal costs of the accreditation team’sefforts or laboratory improvements). ASEAN institutions often face significant costs in bothareas as a culture of accreditation often is not present. There are relatively few programsaccredited by either ABET or AUN within the ASEAN system, so many do not have experiencewith the costs of either system. However, the less common ABET accreditation is widelyperceived as much more expensive. This

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pete Hylton, Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis; Wendy Otoupal-Hylton, Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

an A-Level is achieved in different parts of the UK. The Fulbright Commission points this out, sayingof admissions considerations, “The most competitive universities will expect to see three A-Levels or their equivalent. This could include a minimum of three Scottish Highers, A-Levelsalongside the Welsh Baccalaureate, the IB.”2In order for this mechanism to be meaningful, there must be consistency in the teaching of, andawarding of, A-Levels across the schools of the UK. Consistency is supposed to be controlledby the OFfice of STandards in EDucation (OFSTED).3 OFSTED inspects and assesses publicschools. They generally give a school a 24 hour notice before descending on the facility andinvading its classrooms, laboratories, and offices. Such

Conference Session

Two-Year College Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jill Davishahl, Bellingham Technical College; Joel N. Swisher, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

ability to build ontheir technical knowledge base (with classes such as Green Energy, Biofuels, Mechatronics,PLC, etc.) or to satisfy additional transfer requirements (accounting, environmental science,biology, computer science, etc.).In order to provide students with enough content related to clean energy, it is essential tocontextualize as many courses as possible. This involves including homework sets, projects,research papers, laboratories, etc. related to clean energy into the academic, technology, andindustry prep courses. Course contextualization is a key to enabling instructors to keep coursecontent relevant and to allow for a broad base of education related to the clean energy industry. Italso allows for the inclusion of a more diverse

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division Evaluation: Exploring the Impact of Summer Programs on K-12 Youth (Part 2)

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria G. Bill, New York University; Yosef Skolnick, Cooper Union

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

increase confidence thatthese students can study and enter STEM fields.In addition to the course specific lectures and laboratory work, the Summer STEM Program includedseveral seminars and workshops for all sections to teach students about patent law, technical writing andpresentation skills, college admissions, and careers in engineering and STEM. There was also a generalmid-way assembly featuring a panel on Women in STEM and inclusion.Literature ReviewTeaching the engineering design process with a project based course can be a good introductionto engineering concepts for high school students. From the Next Generation Science Standards(NGSS) on engineering design, “students are expected to be able to define problems – situationsthat people wish

Conference Session

STEM Education Tied to Aerospace Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hansel Burley, Texas Tech University; Terrance Denard Youngblood, Texas Tech University; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Texas Tech University; Casey Michael Williams, Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

students “to see beyond the fire and smoke” and use data todirect effort. These teachers represent about 50 high schools in this Southern state. They aretaught to use Socratic teaching methods, with a focus on formulating good questions that leadstudents to discovery across a range of topics that include those from aeronautics, electricalengineering, and fluid dynamics to those in algebra and calculus. Program staff also collectsmany anecdotes of program alumni being directly recruited by postsecondary engineering 2departments. Additionally, the program now has alumni who have done well and work forSpaceX, NASA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. How

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 5B: Work-In-Progress: 5 Minute Postcard Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robin Fowler, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

information is available; consider convenience factors such as studentavailability and dormitory location ). Importantly, because of the small size of the laboratory 4,10sections from which the teams are formed (capped at 20 students), these competing suggestionscan never all be satisfied. Sometimes women and URM students are isolated on teams eventhough it is not considered best practice.Team AssessmentsAt the end of the seven- to ten-week project, students completed teammate ratings via theComprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness (CATME) system . (In the middle 11of the project, they completed a similar assessment.) They rated themselves as well as eachteammate on five behaviorally-anchored

Conference Session

The Philosophy of Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill Williams, CEG-IST Universidade de Lisboa; Jose Figueiredo, IST, Universidade de Lisboa

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

. The machine in me: An anthropologist sits among computer engineers. New York: RoutledgeEtzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The Triple Helix, University-Industry-Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development. EASST Review 14, 14-19.Evans, A. G. T. (2001). C. Y. O'Connor: His Life and Legacy, University of Western Australia Press.Faulkner, W. (2007). Nuts and Bolts and People. Social Studies of Science, 37(3), 331-356.Fayol, H., Administration industrielle et générale; prévoyance, organisation, commandement, coordination,controle, Paris, H. Dunod et E. Pinat,Fensham, P.J., Defining an Identity: The Evolution of Science Education as a Field of Research, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade - Reflections and Advice on the Educational Process

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca M. Reck, Kettering University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student

lead for two aircraft. She earned a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering with a mathematics minor from Rose-Hulman Insti- tute of Technology in 2005. Her research interests include control systems, mechatronics, instructional laboratories, and experiential learning. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Engineering Success: Delivering Your Ph.D. on Time, on Budget, and Ready for Your CareerIntroductionSuccessfully completing a doctorate degree takes a lot of hard work, perseverance, anddetermination. Throughout my time as a doctoral student, I searched for the key to success. I readbooks and blogs, sought advice from mentors, and learned through trial and

Conference Session

Diversity in Community Engagement Implementation II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Plymesser PE, Montana State University, Billings; Damon Lee Sheumaker; Christopher Robert Allen, Civil Engineering and the Center For Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

. Concurrently students worked to fundraise forimplementation, discussing with the Bozeman community, the failure/lessons learned andanticipated path forward. With the design and funding complete the design was submitted to andapproved by EWB-USA for implementation during the 2015 travel season.The same contractor that had drilled the well at Munjiti the previous summer was hired toconstruct the rainwater catchment system. Some on-site design changes were made andconstruction was completed near the end of the time for the travel team associated with theimplementation of the RWCS. One seemingly small task remained for a complete system, thesand needed to be graded and cleaned for the sand filter. A small set of laboratory screens wasbrought from the US

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pat Smith, Oklahoma Christian University of Science and Arts

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

happy to provide further information upon request including samplesof lab and lecture activities.Bibliography[1] – Feisel, L., Rosa, A., (2005) The Role of the Laboratory in Undergraduate Engineering Education, Journal ofEngineering Education, January, 2005.[3] – Comer, D, (2004), Network Systems Design Using Network Processors, Pearson Prentice Hall.[4] - Giladi, R., (2008), Network Processors, Morgan Kaufmann[5] – IEEE, Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). https://www.computer.org/web/swebok/v3[6] – Cisco Systems, Inc., Internetworking Design Basics, Chapter 2.http://www.cisco.com/cpress/cc/td/cpress/ccie/ndcs798/nd2002.htm#33232