Conference Session

ERM: Exploring Educational Technology in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erik Hurlen, University of Washington

the performance of students in anindividualized setting compared to a large classroom environment. Early modifications to thetraditional learning environment focused on teaching methodologies, moving from the morepassive traditional lecture to more active learning styles. This includes inductive learningtechniques (Felder [6], and Prince & Felder [16]), moving to more student-centeredenvironments (Baeten et.al. [1], O’Mahony et.al. [15], Schmidt et.al. [18], Yadav et.al. [23],Freeman et.al. [8], Hunsu et.al. [11], and Boylan-Ashraf et.al. [4]), and particularlyflipped/blended/hybrid classrooms (Mason et.al. [12], Clark et.al. [5]), among others. Theamalgamation of these studies considered both direct assessment methods and performance

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Technical Session 2: Instruction

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Bossart, University of Florida; Sara Gonzalez

, partnered with awheeled Pelican case and 250 grams of filament. A LibGuide provided instructionalmaterials. These circulating printers empowered students to explore 3D printing andtroubleshooting outside the library, in their own space and timeframe. Taking studentengagement to the next level, the librarians also developed and taught a 1-credit honorscourse where students worked in groups to build 3D printers. The course facilitated adeeper understanding of 3D technology through assembling 3D printers from kits,thereby teaching students the basic mechanics of 3D technology and use of tools. Thecourse had a small cohort of twelve students, split into four teams of three, who builtiMade3D Jellybox kits in a weekly class held within the engineering

Conference Session

Assessment in Mechanics Courses

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Lord, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

foundationalengineering courses can be challenging. This is especially true for summative assessment whichis commonly conducted with a cumulative final exam at the end of the semester. Foundationalcourses often have large numbers of students across multiple sections, and grades for final examsusually need to be returned quickly. It is challenging to create comprehensive exams thatappropriately test students’ understanding of the material and which can be graded within 1 – 2days. One approach is the use of machine-graded multiple-choice exams that are common to allstudents in every section of the course.However, these exams suffer from issues of their own. In particular, multiple-choice exams donot differentiate between a student who was not even able to start a

Conference Session

Incorporating Technology in the Classroom

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guenter Bischof, Joanneum; Christian Steinmann; Thomas Kainz; Eric Menard; Robert Poetsch; Maximilian Sterkl; Christoph Tröster

electric cars.© American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.comBringing differential equations to life by two- and three-dimensionalvisualizations of numerically simulated dynamic systemsGünter Bischof 1, Christian J. Steinmann 1, 2, Thomas Kainz 1, Eric C. Menard 1,Robert Poetsch 1, Maximilian Sterkl 1, and Christoph Tröster 11 Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz, Austria2 HM&S IT Consulting, Graz, AustriaAbstract – The use of technology in the teaching and learning of mathematics is becomingincreasingly more prevalent in mathematics education. It affects not only how to teachmathematics, but also what mathematics becomes possible to be taught

Conference Session

Computers in Education 6 - Best of CoED

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Autar Kaw, University of South Florida; Ali Yalcin, University of South Florida; Rafael Braga Gomes, University of South Florida; Luis Serrano; Yingyan Lou, Arizona State University; Andrew Scott, Alabama A&M University; Renee Clark, University of Pittsburgh

classes have been found to be relatively successful when compared to the traditionallecture modality. Recent meta-analyses (Talbert, 2018, Lag and Sale, 2019) based on researcharticles in eight electronic reference databases show an average effect size 1 of d=0.24 forcognitive learning in favor of flipped classes over traditional ones. The average effect size onstudent satisfaction was lower at d=0.16. A metastudy of 63 papers for K-12 students from 2021by Shao and Liu shows an average effect size of d=0.63, finding better results for classes smallerthan 120 students and humanities courses. Also, a meta-study by Birgili et al. (2021) showssimilar increases in student performance and affective outcomes of engineering students.Flipped classrooms do

Conference Session

Utilizing Technology to Train Chemical Engineering Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Stransky, Rowan University; Cheryl Bodnar, Rowan University; Daniel Burkey, University of Connecticut; Daniel Anastasio, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

online education. He also hosts the In The (Fume) Hood chemical engineering education podcast. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Exploring Engineering Students’ Decision Making Priorities in a Digital Plant EnvironmentIntroductionChemical process leaders recommend teaching process safety through case studies and hazardanalysis [1]. While process safety textbooks and curriculum tools from the Safety and ChemicalEngineering (SAChE) program [2], [3] prepare engineers with an awareness of the risks of theequipment they will work with, this approach can overlook the need to develop engineers’decision

Conference Session

WIED: Community

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon Mason; Margaret Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology (CET); Carol Marchetti, Rochester Institute of Technology (CET); Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology (CET); Maureen Valentine, Rochester Institute of Technology (CET)

facilitate success. The project [1] incorporates a multi-facetedstrategic approach designed to enhance recruitment, retention and advancement opportunities forwomen faculty from diverse ethnic, social, and cultural backgrounds in science, technology,engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines which include social and behavioral science(SBS). The program, called the AdvanceUniX project, combines research with programming andpolicy/practice enhancements to drive long-term changes that will transform University X’sculture, promote innovation, and expand the representation of women on our faculty and amongour campus leadership [2].As part of the overarching AdvanceUniX project, the Connect Grants are designed to broadenopportunities for women

Conference Session

Understanding Inclusivity and Equity in STEM Contexts: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Steffen Peuker, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

(SJS)To assess the impact of different educational interventions related to social justice in engineering,we sought a valid and reliable instrument that could measure changes in students’ orientation to orthinking related to social justice in engineering. We began with the Social Justice Scale (SJS)developed by Torres-Harding et al. (2012). The SJS is informed by Ajzen’s Theory of PlannedBehavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) and contains 24 items that measure four distinct, interrelated aspectsof one’s social justice orientation. In particular, the SJS measures four different dimensions relatedto an individual’s social justice orientation: 1) attitudes (e.g., I believe it is important to try to change larger social conditions that cause

Conference Session

EMD Technical Session 3: Measuring Engineering Management

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jena Asgarpoor, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Neal Lewis, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

education [1]. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the primaryfederal agency for collecting data related to education, manages the program [2]. The purpose ofCIP codes is to aid in collecting, organizing, and reporting information regarding academic fieldsof study. The system was created in 1980 within the U.S. Department of Education. There havebeen several revisions, with the most recent being CIP-2020.CIP codes are statistical coding tools reflecting current academic practice [1]. Most designationscorrespond to academic programs in higher education. These programs offer undergraduate andgraduate degrees, certificates, and other awards. The CIP code titles and descriptions are meantto be generic categories for placing program

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Changing How We Teach: Flipping, Project-Based Learning, and More!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jes Barron, United States Military Academy; Brock Barry, United States Military Academy; James Klosky, United States Military Academy

. This paper also demonstrates both the synergies and challenges experienced wheninterleaving these pedagogies together. Finally, this paper demonstrates how the course designsuccessfully contributed to student learning and inspiration, while also addressing all seven ofABET’s student outcomes. This paper will be of interest to educators looking to incorporatethese pedagogies, especially when attempting to interleave them together.THEORYProblem-Based Learning“Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered approach in which students learn about asubject by working in groups to solve an open-ended problem. This problem is what drives themotivation and the learning.” [1] It was first championed in a medical program at McMasterUniversity in the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Machine Learning, IoT, Writing Center Peer Tutors, Conceptual Modeling

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Pluskwik, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Yuezhou Wang, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Lauren Singelmann, North Dakota State University

of this research project is to gain insights into learners’ motivation levels and how itevolves during the last two years in college, as well as to extend current Educational Data Miningresearch and Machine Learning analysis described in the literature. It is significant on two fronts:1) we will extend the ability of ML in analyzing reflective written artifacts to explore studentphysiological and emotional development; 2) the longitudinal study will help monitor theprogressive change of motivation in college students in a PBL environment.Preliminary results from an initial preliminary study are promising. By analyzing writtenreflection journal entries from previous students, the ML algorithm has differentiated keywordsinto three student

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Interdisciplinary Capstone Projects, Pandemic Adapted Mechatronics Lab, Call for Change

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University

Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. His research is focused on system level design optimization and integration of disciplinary analyses. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.comInter-Disciplinary Senior Design Projects with Industry Partnership – A Pilot Study 1. Project DescriptionThree inter-disciplinary senior design engineering projects were undertaken over the course of twosemesters (Fall 2020 and Spring 2021) at the Kennesaw State University. At the beginning of Fall2020 semester, a call was sent to all senior engineering students to enroll in a newly designed

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Evelyn Sowells-Boone, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (CoE); Karreem Hogan

fast as the technology itself.Today’s students are being trained for jobs that did not exist even ten years ago. Indeed, manycurrent jobs will be obsolete ten years from now. How can we best prepare our students for thisever changing job market—specifically in the field of electronic technology (ET)? In alignmentwith NC A&T’s Preeminence 2023 Goal 1 “Excellence in Teaching and Research andEngagement”, this proposed project is committed to creating a culture that supports teachingexcellence. The National Center for Education reported that, “Professional development enableseducators to update their knowledge, sharpen their skills, and acquire new teaching techniques,all of which may enhance the quality of teaching and learning [1], [2

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 8: Academic Progress, Retention, and Mathematics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jody Zhong, University of Louisville; Patricia Ralston, University of Louisville; Campbell Bego, University of Louisville; Thomas Tretter

evidence-based practices and applied theory in the classroom.Thomas Tretter © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Engineering retention, first-year mathematics performance, and financial aid requirements: A scoping reviewPurpose of Scoping ReviewWhile factors impacting retention in undergraduate engineering are manifold and complex,students’ performance in first-year math courses has been identified as a significant predictor oftheir likelihood of graduating from engineering school [1]–[3]. Scholars have suggested thatfirst-year “barrier” courses in engineering/STEM such as calculus are a turning point forstudents

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Assorted Topics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shengyong Zhang, Purdue University Northwest

investigated in the subsequent FEA-based vibration analysis. In general,student feedback on integrating the two vibration projects in the course is positive.1. Introduction Vibration is destructive in most mechanical systems and structures. Unbalance-inducedblade vibration causes fatigue in turbines and can eventually lead to failure. Machining vibrationin cutting tools can lead to a poor surface finish and reduce the life of cutting tools. Theannoying oscillation as a car ride over a bumpy road conveys an impression of poor quality tothe customers and the structure-borne cabin noise creates a nuisance to passengers. It is acceptedthat vibration in many cases is a limiting factor in machine designs and manufacturers setperformance standards for

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 7: Library Collaboration

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Rob Sleezer, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Heidi Southworth, Minnesota State University, Mankato

” [1]. To help serve the campus community, Library Services is comprised of 17faculty librarians and 20 library technicians and is led by an Academic Dean. There are alsotraditionally four or five graduate student assistants and about 15-20 student workers to help staffthe library building 16.5 hours a day Monday through Friday, six hours on Saturday, and 13hours on Sunday. The library, built in 1967, houses approximately 1.5 million books, scores,DVDs, and other materials and contains several special collections including the educationalresource center and children’s collection, government documents, maps, and the UniversityArchives and Southern Minnesota Historical Center.While the faculty librarians have specific jobs such as cataloging

Conference Session

LEES 5: Preparing and Practicing Culturally and Ethically Sensitive Engagement

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Cech, University of Michigan; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Elana Goldenkoff, University of Michigan; Teanne Davis, University of Michigan

responsibilities were less likely to identify the ethical dilemma as irrelevant to their work,indicate that such dilemmas happen all the time, be uncomfortable reporting the issue, and believethat their colleagues might respect them less if they report. These findings have implications forimproving engineering ethics education and ethical conduct trainings within engineering practicemore broadly.IntroductionMost people in postindustrial societies live their lives alongside, within, and through immenselycomplex technological objects and systems that they lack the knowledge to fully control or alter[1-3]. As a result, laypersons are increasingly reliant on the engineers who design and maintainthese objects and systems to account for public safety, health

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cijy Sunny, Baylor University; Idalis Villanueva, University of Florida

DifferentInstitution Types: A Comparative StudyAbstractHidden Curriculum (HC) consists of the unacknowledged and often, unintentional exclusionarysystemic messages that are structurally supported and sustained [1]. Due to the persistentinfluence of HC in helping establish the norm in educational and working environments, researchin this topic is gaining prominence in fields like engineering. This paper contributes to theknowledge base by exploring the level of HC awareness (HCA) and the definitions that over 600undergraduate engineering students across Hispanic-Serving and non-Hispanic ServingInstitutions ascribed to when defining HC. Using mixed-methods analysis, two-factor ANOVAwas conducted on the quantitative items of HCA, at the intersection of self

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lotanna Ezeonu, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Wei Li; Gail Baxter; Woo Lee, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Powered by www.slayte.com Knowledge-Building Approach to Address Societal Grand Challenge in Large-Enrollment Introductory Materials Science and Engineering Course Lotanna Ezeonu, Gail Baxter, Wei Li, and Woo Lee 1 2 3 1,4 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Center for Innovation in 1 2 Engineering and Science, Division of Information Technology, and Department of Chemistry 3 4 and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of TechnologyAbstractThis work gives

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Becky Huang, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Mingxia Zhi; Joel Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio

, Gender Awareness in STEM, Pre-College Engineering Program, STEMEducationBackgroundRecent data from National Center for Education Statistics High School Longitudinal Studyrevealed an appalling gender gap in adolescents' intent to major in STEM [1]. To address thisgap, pre-college engineering programs play an important role by recruiting, encouraging, andmaintaining female students' interests in STEM. Research has identified some effective practicesto recruit girls in secondary schools into STEM majors, such as summer programs with genderparity (50% girls) [6]. However, such practice may only be effective when the programs alsoraise awareness of gender stereotypes and perceived gender roles that have an impact on STEMmotivation and engagement [2

Conference Session

Assessment in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Liberatore, The University of Toledo; Kayla Chapman

, auto-graded YouTube problems withinthe zyBook are investigated for the first time. Students were required to complete a fraction ofthe total summative YouTube problems before each of three midterm exams. For a single cohortof ~80 students, responses to ~20,000 online homework problems were analyzed. Researchquestions included: 1. Do students correctly solve more YouTube problems than required?, 2.Does completing more YouTube problems correlate with higher exam scores?, 3. Do formativeand summative auto-graded problems correlate differently with final course grades?, and 4. Howdoes solving end-of-chapter YouTube problems compare to end-of-chapter textbook problemswith respect to final course grades? First, a median fraction correct of 100% for

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alvis Fong, Western Michigan University; Steven Carr, Western Michigan University; Ajay Gupta, Western Michigan University; Shameek Bhattacharjee, Western Michigan University

STEMworkforce that understands the anticipated changes brought about by AI. Taking a convergentapproach, the project primarily aims to integrate core literacy and advanced skills at theintersection of SSR Computing, High Performance Computing (HPC), and AI into theeducational curriculum across multiple STEM disciplines. The work focuses on institutions thathave comparatively lower levels of advanced CI adoption. The project’s secondary aim is to laythe groundwork for future broadening adoption of advanced CI training resources that have thepotential to influence wide segments of CI communities. The project is currently in progress andthis paper presents findings to date.1. IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) systems can sometimes perform

Conference Session

WIED: Community

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elodie Billionniere, Miami Dade Community College; Farzana Rahman, Syracuse University

2019 Women of Color STEM’s College-Level Promotion of Education Award.Farzana Rahman Dr Farzana Rahman is an Associate Teaching Professor at the EECS department of Syracuse University. Her research spans the domains of mobile healthcare, healthcare data analytics, and pervasive health technologies. Broadly, my research focuses on integrating mobile and pervasive technologies in health and wellness environments to improve users’ quality of life, mental and physical wellbeing. My research also expands in the direction of mobile security, information and communication technology for development (ICT4D), broadening participation in CS/ IT discipline through the exploration of 1) discipline-based education research to inform

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Best Diversity Paper

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karl Kienitz; Rubens Afonso, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica; Wesley Oliveira, Institute De Aeronautica Ita; Flávio Luiz Cardoso-Ribeiro, Institute De Aeronautica Ita

undergraduate and master’s degreeintegration initiative, this second particularity (item b) may yield anticipated credits for a master’sprogram. Specific features of the program may further benefit students aiming at a master’s degree.This paper details the structure of the CTP and the gains expected in terms of incentives for theInstitute's Mechanical-Aeronautical Engineering as well as the Electronics and ComputerEngineering Master’s Programs.1 IntroductionThis contribution is concerned with the implementation, the advantages, and the benefits expectedfrom a Complementary Training Program (CTP) in Control and Automation Engineering in thecontext of undergraduate engineering education and the undergraduate / master’s programintegration at one of

Conference Session

PCEE Session 4: Resource / Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joselyn Busato; Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University; Kaela Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott; Davide Guzzetti

Quarters (2 rolls) 8x10'' piece of printer paper Deep bowl or container Pen, pencil and paper (to keep tally) Invisible TapeProcedure: Part One 1. With your piece of paper and invisible tape, construct a boat that you believe will be able to float on the water and hold weight. An example design can be seen in the upper right *Bad Boat Alert* corner. Feel free to get creative with your structure! More than likely, your boat from2. Place the paper boat in the bowl and allow it to float on the Part One looks a little bit like the surface of the water. Gently place a quarter in the center of the one below: soggy and sunk. The boat and observe what happens

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 2: Long-Term Institutional Outcome Evaluations and Capstone Innovations

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Mackay, University of Toronto; Hamid Timorabadi, University of Toronto

topics in a shared spreadsheet, studentswithout complete teams are encouraged to post and share their interests. Several networkingsessions are also held to “pitch” project ideas and share interests. To incentivise early team-forming, a 1% “bonus mark” is typically offered to teams who are fully registered by August.The goal is to have all students placed in teams, with faculty supervisors, by the official start ofthe course in September. An additional challenge specific to this engineering program is a year-long work placement known as Professional Experience Year (PEY). PEY typically takes placebetween third and fourth years of the program. Outgoing internship students may be locatedoutside the city or country during the last months of their

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 4: Student-centered Learning and Teaching Methodologies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Wu, IEEE Xplore Digital Library

their learning [1][2][3]. Properly designed labassignments allow students to apply the abstract concept in real life. Seeing the connections canhelp boost their learning desires. Lab elements also improve students’ data collection, analysis,and evaluation skills. Therefore, the author included more lab components for both courses. Alllab assignments must be carefully designed to meet ABET outcome 5 and outcome 6. Forexample, labs will be done in a group of two or three students to reinforce their communicationand collaboration skills. Proper lab reports and data analysis are required for each lab assignmentto practice their ability to interpret data and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions.Other course objectives, i.e., determining the

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Adjusting Course Content

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Kiefer, York College of Pennsylvania

studentproject work, instructor observations, and industry and student feedback.1. Introduction This paper provides the history of how and why a required freshman course wasdeveloped to introduce mechanical engineering students to machining. It begins with thehistorical reasoning behind the development of the course. This is followed by a description ofthe implementation strategy and the philosophy behind the course material development. Thecourse material that was developed is then presented. Finally, assessment of the effectiveness ofthe machining activities is included.2. Historical Background The York College of Pennsylvania Mechanical Engineering Program has alwaysrecognized the importance of including hands-on experiences and problem

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Technical Session 7: Cybersecurity and Computing

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anni Reinking; Monica McGill, CSEdResearch.org

(Evaluation) Anni Reinking1 and Monica M. McGill2 1,2 CSEdResearch.org 1 anni@csedresearch.org, 2 monica@csedresearch.org Abstract According to the U.S. Department of Labor, cybersecurity jobs will grow 28% over the next few years, with 1.8 million of these jobs unfilled in 2022. These reports indicate a great need for individuals to be trained and employed in cybersecurity for the U.S.’s safety and security. Recognizing this, the Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (AF JROTC) and partner organizations implemented a Cyber

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chao Wang, Arizona State University

skills gaps in recent engineering graduates conducted by AmericanSociety of Engineering Education (ASEE) Corporate Member Council [1], Artificial Intelligence(AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) are identified as areas, among others, that should be improved,with 81% and 70% responses expressing that they were inadequately prepared in the tworespective areas. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate lessons into existing coursework toprovide students with the most up-to-date training to help them keep pace with skills in demandbeyond the classroom.Artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, two technologies traditionally associated withelectrical and computing disciplines, are now widely applied in all engineering fields andbeyond. To attract