Conference Session

Software Engineering Pedagogical Approaches

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Feras A. Batarseh, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

). Students in these fields need toacquire the basics of engineering and software, medical software tools and a generalunderstanding of computers.Human physiology had proven itself to be a successful model to follow 1, or at least aninspirational one for science4. Especially in software engineering, fields such as geneticalgorithms3, computer vision4, and computer scent recognition2 are all examples on howto build software systems similar to biological systems; but could this be applied toeducation? To answer this question, this paper introduces a software model that followsthe human physiology to structure different parts of a conventional software system; andto introduce it to students. On the other hand, lifecycle models can help in illustrating

Conference Session

Distance Education and Engineering Workforce Professional Development

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Boyd, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Eric Paul Pearson, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems; Noah Miller, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

coaches and intentional feedback have on the success of the simulation. Page 23.158.2The Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems Leadership Training ProgramAs the 21st Century began on January 1, 2000, it was already evident, the “baby boomer”generation was fast approaching retirement age and there would soon be a shortage of engineers,scientists and corporate leaders. In 2003, Northrop Grumman Electronics Systems Engineering& Manufacturing Division at the Baltimore, Maryland location, in partnership with Learning andDevelopment (L&D), developed a unique approach to accelerate leadership development forrecent graduates by creating an

Conference Session

Simulation and Programming

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guanghsu A. Chang, Western Carolina University; Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

have thefollowing competence to: 1) study multiple scenarios of a robotic workcell before any decision iscommitted, 2) determine the cycle time for a sequence of manufacturing operations, 3) Uselibraries of pre-defined high-level commands for certain types of robotic applications, 4)minimize production interruption and help meet flexible automation goals, and 5) ensure that arobotic system will do the functions that an end-user needs it to do. We also recognize that thestudents who understand both robotics hardware and offline programming (OLP) software incombination is a challenge for many other colleges and universities. Not many students areproficient at both, but our students are.1. IntroductionToday's industries use various types of

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karl L Wang, Department of Engineering Harvey Mudd College 301 Platt Boulevard Clarement, CA 91711 909-607-9136 ; Clint S Cole, Digilent, Inc.; Tinghui Wang, Digilent Inc; Joe Harris, Digilent, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

occur at arapid pace. The ability to work in a team design environment is important because oftenembedded system design skills, e.g. software, hardware, require close collaboration betweendesign team members with different expertise. In addition, team design experience trains thestudents to work in a similar work environment that they will likely to encounter in the industryas professionals.Course ContentsThe embedded system design course syllabus is shown in Table 1. It consists of 6 labs followedby a final project. The first two labs are designed to introduce the capabilities of the systemdevelopment board and design tool chain. The embedded system design development platformused in this course is the newest leading edge system design

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arthur Ornelas Jr., Arizona State University; John Sadauskas, Arizona State University; Sandra Houston, Arizona State University; Wilhelmina C. Savenye Ph.D., Arizona State University; Eddy Ramirez; Claudia E. Zapata, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

with laboratory techniques to obtain the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC)such as the Axis Translation technique used in suction measurement devices such as the pressureplate. Extensive research has been conducted on unsaturated soil mechanics, but the applicationof these results to the undergraduate curriculum has been slow. This is partly due to theperceived complexity of soil testing and analysis. We hope to address these issues through thedevelopment of this content. The goal is to have material instructors of undergraduategeotechnical engineering classes can incorporate into their current curriculum. The challenge istwo-fold: 1. that we develop material that can be seamlessly introduced into a curriculum that isalready in place, and

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve E. Watkins, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

Electronic Devices course.A. Change to EE and CpE CurriculaSelected courses in the prior curricula for B.S. degrees in electrical engineering (EE) andcomputer engineering (CpE) are shown in Figure 1. Although the degrees were offered withinthe same department, the EE degree requirements and the CpE degree requirements had limitedoverlap. Common in-department requirements were limited to basic circuit analysis andcomputer engineering content, i.e. Circuits I EE 151, Circuits II EE 153, and Introduction toComputer Engineering CpE 111, and associated laboratories. (The EE and CpE course numbersare designated such that the first digit refers to the year, e.g. 1XX course for sophomore level;the second digit for the area, e.g. 12X for devices and 15X for

Conference Session

Accreditation, Program Evaluation, and Education Resource's Impact in Latin America

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erick Jones, University of Texas, Arlington; Vettrivel Gnaneswaran, University of Wisconsin-Platteville; Beatriz Murrieta, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro

Tagged Divisions

International

the challenges of transporting the research equipment internationally.2.1. Related researchesDr. Jones has experience administering several prior NSF-funded projects with undergraduateresearch components. Prior to joining the UTA faculty, he managed an REU supplement awardsat UNL that supported 2 female undergraduates to perform research in RFID and logistics. Theypresented posters at Industry-University Centers Conferences. He has also administered an RETsupplement that supported 1 female mathematics teacher in Nebraska. Also while at UNL, heacquired IRES Award No. #1128150 (2011-13), “International: IRES in Mexico RFID inLogistics”, which he continues to administer now at UTA. This project has funded 2 cohorts of6 students each to

Conference Session

ETAC/ABET RELATED OUTCOME BASED ISSUES

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University; Guanghsu A. Chang, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Computer EngineeringTechnology, and Electrical Engineering with approximately 250 students in those majors. TheEE program is accredited under the criteria specified by the Engineering AccreditationCommission (EAC), while the ECET and ET programs adhere to those criteria specified by theEngineering Technology Accreditation Commission (ETAC).1 As is the case at mostuniversities, the ABET assessment efforts are thorough and substantial with a significant effortbeing placed on the assessment of student outcomes, commonly known as “a through k,” asdetailed in the next section. The faculty in these three programs have subdivided each of thesestudent outcomes into multiple components, referred to as “performance indicators (PI).” ThesePIs are defined in

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Askia Hill, Purdue University; Cordelia M Brown, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

theirlevel of intellectual development and their learning style. Preliminary results show that specificlearning styles achieve higher intellectual development assessment scores and the degree ofpreference for a learning style is a factor in the intellectual development as it relates to theassessment scores.I. Introduction Over the past twenty years, engineering educators have noticed a trend withinengineering as a whole: students are not progressing as much as they should with respect to theirintellectual development before graduating [1]. There has been research with respect to howexperimental courses can improve this deficit[2], [3], but very little published examining whatcan be done with respect to current engineering courses. One

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Michael Butler, Lockheed Martin

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

. Theresearch that was conducted as part of a dissertation effort attempted to address this issue byexamining the impact of LSBL on aerospace engineering students in a capstone design class.Research QuestionsThe basic questions addressed by this research were: 1. Can the use of live simulation-based learning (LSBL) in aerospace capstone design alter student conceptions of engineering design and lead students to respond like industry professionals in the area of aircraft design? 2. How do LSBL students, lecture-based students, and aerospace industry professionals view aerospace engineering design? 3. What, if any, is the relationship between LSBL students, lecture-based students and aerospace industry professionals with regards

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Madina Yermagambetova, Al-Farabi KazNU; Peter John Schwalbenberg

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

environment of the stomach, such as insulin, anda future experiment will investigate the drug release characteristics of the hydrogels. In additionto learning about pH-responsive drug delivery, students learned concepts of measurements,material properties, design of experiments, data analysis, and engineering design.Keywords: pH Responsive Hydrogels, Oral Insulin Delivery, Diabetes, Controlled Drug DeliveryINTRODUCTIONDiabetes is a disease which affects millions of people around the world. It is classified into twomajor types. Type 1 Diabetes is an auto-immune disease in which, insulin-producing beta-cellswithin the pancreas are destroyed, resulting in insufficient insulin production by this organ. Withtype 2 diabetes, the body has developed a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Madina Yermagambetova, Al-Farabi KazNU; Zhanna Zhatkanbaeva, Al-Farabi KazNU

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

modulation and site-specific targeting). A drug deliverysystem can be designed to respond to different environmental conditions in the body such as pHor temperature. Smart, stimuli-responsive hydrogels are used to respond to a signal caused by adisease by releasing release the appropriate amount of drug at the correct time and desiredlocation. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels have exciting potential for drug delivery and other Page 23.168.2biomedical applications.1   In this paper we describe an experiment in which students synthesize a temperature-sensitive hydrogelby free radical copolymerization with the goal of optimizing the design of

Conference Session

Visualization tools and uses in graphics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Delahunty, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Raymond Lynch Dr., University of Limerick; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

students’ approaches to generating, maintaining and communicating visual-mental imagesThe ability to synthesise and manipulate graphical information is a core cognitive aptitude.Visual-mental images are crucial to problem solving and design processes. The ability tomanipulate and communicate perceptual and conceptual information graphically often leadsto creative discovery and aids mental synthesis. Graphical education in Ireland supports thedevelopment of these ‘concept driven competencies’ through the study of plane anddescriptive geometry and through engagement with design problems 1.Previous research by Delahunty et al. 2 has highlighted a worrying issue of mechanisticconditioning within graphical education in Ireland. This

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene B Mena, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sven Schmitz, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

research experience do so from theundergraduate students’ perspectives; this paper focuses on this experience from the researchmentors’ perspectives. In this paper, the experiences of seven research mentors who wereinvolved with the course in the fall 2011 and spring 2012 semesters are described. The paperanswers the following research questions: (1) What benefits result from being a research mentor?and (2) In what ways does being a research mentor prepare graduate students for their futurecareers?Data were collected via individual interviews with the research mentors at the end of eachsemester. Using situated learning as the theoretical framework, the data were analyzed todetermine themes that characterized the research mentor experience. The

Conference Session

Project-based and Cooperative Learning in ECE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Reg Recayi Pecen, North American College; Keith L. Coogler, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

the programming embedded in the memory section of themicrocontroller [1-2]. In most cases, there are components such as analog to digital converters,displays, electronics components, sensors (tilt, position switch, gas, temperature, level, force,humidity, mass, distance, image, light, motion, etc.) that the programmer should be familiar with,in addition to understanding the working principals and functionality. In order to program amicrocontroller, a programmer has to know the architecture of a microcontroller including itsmicroprocessor, bus architecture, I/O system, memory type, interrupts, addresses, etc. It may be achallenge to teach students about all the types of the sensors, microcontroller architecture, andprogramming skills in a

Conference Session

Computer Hardware and Simulation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Morrow, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Cameron H. G. Wright P.E., University of Wyoming; Thad B. Welch, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

is especially true when the instructor has limited time to present a specific topic. In this paper, we describe the in-class use of a demonstration using real-time DSP to implement a basic adaptive filter for noise cancellation, utilizing newly-available DSP hard- ware from Texas Instruments. We provide a description of the new hardware platform, how the demonstration was used, and the results from a short survey administered to the students regarding the demonstration.1 IntroductionAn ability to apply digital signal processing (DSP) concepts to a variety of situations has becomeone of the key skills that many employers expect of new electrical and computer engineering(ECE) graduates. Many engineering educators

Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew J. Traum, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Kyle Pace; Jeremy R Anderson, EASENET

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, syngas produced by the gasifieryielded a hotter flame than did direct wood chip combustion because the gasifier’s fuelconsumption rate was higher and neither system adiabatically contained the flames.IntroductionAccording to DeWaters and Powers [1] and to Condoor [2] lack of energy-related knowledgeamong American students and the general public is endemic. As the world transitions toward arenewable energy future, familiarity with energy and sustainability concepts will becomeincreasingly important. For example the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 505,000engineering positions across all disciplines opening by 2016, a 10.6% increase over 2006 levels

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franco Capaldi, Merrimack College

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

has been a rapid improvement in “smart” computer tutoring systems.Computer systems are ideally suited to aid students who have difficulty visualizing structures.By allowing interaction, students may change the view angle to discern the three dimensionalnature of the problem. In addition, the software may be used to guide a student through thesolution process.While students have different learning styles, and professors often have different teaching styles,it is becoming increasingly clear that effective assessment and immediate student feedback canproduce beneficial results in the classroom [1]. Computer systems are ideally suited for suchimmediate feedback. They can also be used to present interactive case-based problems [2].Systems have

Conference Session

Construction Industry Issues in the Classroom

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa M Holliday P.E., University of Oklahoma; Matthew Reyes, University of Oklahoma; Richard Cecil Ryan, University of Oklahoma; Kenneth F. Robson, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Construction

materials and methods lab tostrengthen students’ understanding of construction processes and the sequencing of constructiontasks. The CNS Program educates students to become construction managers. However,previous studies have shown that hands-on experiences allow students to learn through discovery(Davis & Cline, 2009) and that the learning environment with visual and tactile teaching toolsleads to greater understanding on the part of the students (Nirmalakhandan et al., 2007). Inresponse to this identified need the division developed and implemented a 2 credit hour hands-onlab in the Spring semester. The objectives of this course were to 1) create a practical hands-onlab experience that was replicable and 2) to integrate the lab with required

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Elise M. Barrella, James Madison University; Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Justin J Henriques, James Madison University; Daniel Devon Imholte

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

at Georgia Tech completing her Ph.D. research as part of the Infrastructure Research Group (IRG). She also completed a teaching certificate and was actively involved with the Center for the En- hancement of Teaching and Learning (CETL) at Georgia Tech. Her academic interests focus on two primary areas of sustainable transportation: (1) community-based design and planning and (2) strategic planning and policy development. Dr. Barrella is also interested in investigating how to best integrate these research interests into classroom and project experiences for her students.Dr. Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University Dr. Robert Nagel is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering at James Madison University

Conference Session

"Modular" Learning

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priscilla J Hill, Mississippi State University; Carlen Henington, Mississippi State University ; Rebecca K. Toghiani, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

A, B A, B, C A, B, C B B B B, C C B, C C (a) (b)Figure 1. Two sets of distillation sequences including (a) a traditional sequence with threesimple columns, and (b) a fully coupled sequence as represented by the Petlyuk columnarrangement

Conference Session

Motivation and Self-Efficacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Melendy Ph.D., George Fox University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

very specific tasks. For instance, a junior inmechanical engineering might have confidence in their skill at applying vectors to the solution ofdynamics problems. Yet they may admit they don’t yet know how to apply Euler’s identity to thewriting of the kinematic equations of motion for a planar mechanism. Figure 1 illustrates theconditional relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancies in the context ofthe application of mathematics to the solution of upper-division engineering problems. Upper-Division Problem-Solving Engineering Students Behavior Outcome Efficacy Beliefs

Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wookwon Lee, Gannon University; Harry R. Diz, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

interaction with an industry partner.1. Background and Problem DefinitionAgricultural residues are those vegetative materials produced around the world that are not usefulfor their food or other value. One such material produced in the region is grape pomace. Grapepomace is the residual fruit solids remaining after pressing plus the expended filter paper left fromthe vacuum filtration process used to extract the juice from the press. In rare cases, the pomace canbe used as fodder or fertilizer, but in most cases, it is discarded as a waste and must be truckedfrom the fruit processing plant back to the fields where it decomposes, yielding little benefit to thefarmer since it typically contains few nutrients. As one of the nation’s grape harvesting

Conference Session

Student Enrollment, Attendance, Retention, and Graduation in Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin B. Asgill, Southern Polytechnic State University; Craig A Chin, Southern Polytechnic State University; Florian Misoc P.E., Southern Polytechnic State University; Simin Nasseri, Southern Polytechnic State University; Adimathara P. Preethy, Southern Polytechnic State University; Scott J. Tippens, Southern Polytechnic State University; Randall A. Emert, Southern Polytechnic State University; Ali Khazaei, MET Department at SPSU

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

department at SPSU sought totake advantage of the rapid growth in the biomedical Engineering area to develop an innovativeoption in Biomedical Engineering Technology (BMET) under its existing Electical EngineeringTechnology (EET) program [1-3]. While there has been a lot of interest in this BMET option, theanticipated growth in enrollment has been slow to materialize due to the fact that the option wasnot a separate degree program. Students have had difficulty in accepting the fact that the actualdegree obtained will be the BSEET degree with an option in BMET. As a result the ECET facultyhave revisited the option and is working in conjunction with their Mechanical EngineeringTechnology (MET) colleagues to develop a novel full-blown BMET degree

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Swartwout, Saint Louis University; Sanjay Jayaram, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Eng.

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

developed a two-semester course sequence for entry-level engineering students (i.e.freshmen and sophomores). The first semester is a 2-credit course, consisting of a 1-creditclassroom lecture and a 1-credit laboratory element; the second semester is a 1-credit laboratorycourse. The classroom portion is a seminar-style presentation of systems engineering tools suchas requirements flow, work breakdown structures, design drivers, trade studies and riskassessment. For the laboratory portion of both semesters, the students apply these tools inongoing student-led space projects: high-altitude balloon experiments, microgravity tests and aseries of student-built spacecraft. We believe that blending a subset of systems engineering toolswith small but real

Conference Session

Information Literacy, Computer Efficacy and Readiness

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Isabel Zelaya, Clemson University; Kapil Chalil Madathil, Clemson University; Jeff Bertrand; Tianwei Wang, Clemson; Anand K. Gramopadhye, Clemson University; John R. Wagner, Clemson University; Sabarish V. DUPE Babu, School of Computing, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

challenges of technical college students with afocus on the educational materials on automotive and aviation subsystems and manufacturingprocesses.1. IntroductionIncreasingly, the demand for a highly skilled workforce has been front and center among mediaoutlets, legislative initiatives, and political speeches. Two-year technical and communitycolleges play a key role in providing new and expanding industries with the highly skilledworkforce they require. However, the current literature does not provide a clear understanding onhow students enrolled in automotive, and aviation technology programs seek information thatsupports their technical education. In the manufacturing environment, it is an important skill tobe able to locate, evaluate, and

Conference Session

Restructuring/Rethinking STEM

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Geselowitz, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Lyle Feisel P.E., Binghamton University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

?[Validate only whole numbers 0 or greater]5. How much more successful or less successful are the online courses in your academic unit in comparison to other courses in your academic unit? Much less About the Much more successful same successful 1 2 3 4 5 6. Has the number of online courses being offered in your academic unit increased, decreased, or stayed about the same over the last two years? Increased

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary and Undergraduate Research in Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaojing Yuan, University of Houston (CoT); Heidar Malki, University of Houston (CoT); Gangbing Song, University of Houston (CoE)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

andMechanical Engineering at the University of Houston have hosted a group of 35 students duringthe summers of 2008-2010 to work on wireless sensor networks related research project for 10weeks. Four bold goals have been identified for the REU Site project: 1) Recruit academicallypromising students from underrepresented populations; 2) Expand undergraduate researchopportunities; 3) Increase the number of undergraduate students with research skills andexperience; 4) Improve long-term student outcomes (e.g. graduate school matriculation andresearch related employment). The educational outcome of the project were to ensure that uponcompletion of the 10 week REU research project, REU fellows will have: 1) Increasedfamiliarity with engineering and

Conference Session

Robotics and Automation I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald C. Richter, Eastern Washington University; Joseph Cluever, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

incorporate new technologies throughout their career. The paperrelates not only the professor’s view of the experience but a student view as well.IntroductionNew paradigms are required for undergraduate teaching in Engineering and EngineeringTechnology that are “student centered” [1]. In forming these new directions within the laboratoryexperience, we need to rethink traditional methods to become more flexible and challenging tothe individual student. Accomplishing this requires a new method of delivery that is differentfrom the traditional laboratory instruction [2, 3, 9 and 10]. Allowing the student to use higher orderleaning including problem development, experimental planning and most importantimplementation all though the use of active learning

Conference Session

Enhancing Engineering Management

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liana Bayatyan, Baruch College, City University of New York (CUNY); S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

choice theories, etc. that followed suite andemphasized the importance of considering the psychological factors underlying the human aspect Page 23.186.4within the organizations [Levy, 7; Deckers, 1]. Moreover, a lot of work has been done in the areas of leadership, cognitive ability testing,personality testing, organizational psychological health, work attitudes, etc. That is, theresearchers have realized that the organizational efficiency not only depends on theorganizational structures but also on the psychological factors underlying the employees’attitudes towards work and their psychological health [7]. Furthermore, there