Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Araceli Martinez Ortiz, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Gabriela Gomez, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Patricia Rodriguez Ann Rodriguez, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Paper ID #49482Summer Pre-Engineering Program Builds Student Confidence and MotivatesInterest in STEMDr. Araceli Martinez Ortiz, The University of Texas at San Antonio Araceli Martinez Ortiz, PhD., is the Microsoft President’s Endowed Professor of Engineering Education in the College of Engineering and Integrated Design at the University of Texas at San Antonio. She leads a comprehensive research agenda related to integrated STEM learning, pre-college engineering engagement, engineering faculty professional development and culturally relevant engineering curriculum and instruction.Gabriela Gomez, The University of Texas at

Conference Session

Track 5: Technical Session 2: Revisiting Assessment Tools Used to Measure the Impact of Summer Program Interventions on Perceptions and Interest in Engineering Among Underrepresented Pre-College Students – A Work in Progress

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Zeynep Ambarkutuk, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jesika Monet McDaniel, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Cynthia Hampton Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Kim Lester, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #45289Revisiting Assessment Tools Used to Measure the Impact of Summer ProgramInterventions on Perceptions and Interest in Engineering Among UnderrepresentedPre-College Students – A Work in ProgressZeynep Ambarkutuk, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Zeynep Ambarkutuk is a doctoral student in the Educational Psychology program at Virginia Tech. Her research interests include motivation, motivation interventions, and the effect of identity and culture on motivation and learning.Jesika Monet McDaniel, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education Jesika is an accomplished graduate of Virginia Tech

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 4: A Descriptive Study on Biased and Non-Inclusive Language Use in the Engineering Education Research Community

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Xingchen Xu, Arizona State University; Anjing Dai, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Li Tan, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

learning environment. While the influence of language on educationalexperiences has been the subject of several scholarly papers, no research have looked explicitlyat language use patterns in the field of engineering education or the possible negative effects ofbiased language.In light of this, the present study integrates two conceptual frameworks: implicit bias theory andacademic literacy theory. This approach allows for a detailed investigation into biased languageuse trends within engineering education research, as well as an understanding of how thesetrends diverge from the field’s goals of diversity and inclusion. Implicit bias theory examinesunconscious attitudes and stereotypes that subtly but significantly influence language use

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Ali Gharib, The University of Texas at Austin; Ahmed Elsaid; Abdulla Ali Al Dabbagh; Nayef Alyafei, Qatar University; Ghada Salama, Texas A&M University at Qatar

twenty-first century. Integrated approaches to STEM education: An international perspective, 21-43. [3] Gharib, A., & Alyafei, N. (2022). A STEM Roadmap for Pre-Collegiate Engineering Students. In ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Vol. 86694, p. V007T09A032. [4] Retnanto, A., Alyafei, N., Fadlelmula, M., & Sheharyar, A. (2020). The Impact of Practical Experiences on the Development of Petroleum Engineering Education. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers. [5] Gharib, M., & de Miranda, M.A. (2024). A Novel Curriculum for an Engineering Degree in STEM Education and Teacher Preparation. In 2024 ASEE Annual Conference

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Bala Maheswaran; Meghna Sridhar; Yiannis Levendis; Hameed Metghalchi

—that design and prototyping process involves the use of rapidchallenges students to consider both technical and prototyping techniques, such as 3D printing and laserenvironmental impacts in their projects. This paper presents cutting, to create components for the project. Lastly,a heliostat model assembly project, conducted as part of a students engage in control systems by programmingproject-based learning (PBL) curriculum [8-9], aimed at Arduino-based sensors and motors to adjust the positioningfostering a sustainable engineering mindset in students. A of the heliostat, gaining hands-on experience with thesesustainable engineering

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Surupa Shaw, Texas A&M University; Randy Brooks, Texas A&M University

decision-making. This paperexamines how integrating the development of these professional skills into core engineeringsubjects—such as Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Electrical Circuits—can foster a morecomprehensive and holistic student education. Through the use of problem-based learning andreferencing real-world applications, the approach aims to enhance both technical knowledge andessential soft skills. The paper also explores alternative assessment methods that extend beyondtraditional exams to evaluate competencies crucial for professional success. By aligningengineering curricula with industry expectations, and supporting faculty development in this area,the study offers a framework for curriculum design that strengthens both

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Baqer Aljabr, The University of Toledo; Mohammad Elahinia, The University of Toledo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

conducted by Balgopal, two teachers werehired through these networks who created an integrated STEM curriculum combined withgeometry with construction principles. The reform was driven by professional satisfaction, andwillingness to take risks and these factors empowered these teachers to pursue and sustain theefforts of reforms (Balgopal, 2020). However, the extent to which this influence appears varies because of the demographiccharacteristics of study participants and the structure of the education sector in the country. Thereexists a gap in the previously published research studies regarding longitudinal studies to find thelong-term impacts of automation, robots, and coding clubs on deciding careers in STEM fields.(Tran, 2018). Thus, to

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Hoo Kim, LeTourneau University; joshua ryan millikan, LeTourneau University; Joonwan Kim, LeTourneau University; Alan Clipperton, LeTourneau University

to considerwhen developing a new semiconductor program. Building stronger collaboration requires notonly the dedication of individual faculty members but also support at the departmental andinstitutional levels. Collective curriculum development helps reduce the burden on individualfaculty members within each institution and benefits from industry support, such as the provisionof equipment and the integration of industrial needs directly into coursework, to better preparestudents for careers in semiconductors. Holistic regional efforts are also essential, as the growthof the semiconductor industry cannot rely on a single major player. Instead, a collaborativeinfrastructure with specialization is necessary to strengthen the roles of unique

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Md Nazmus Sakib, University of North Texas; Maurizio Manzo, University of North Texas; Rattaya Chowdhury Yalamanchili, University of North Texas

, assess how they intend to integrate these tools into future curriculum, and identify theconcerns and challenges associated with AI usage. The survey comprised 105 students from threemajors: Mechanical Engineering (11.4%), Engineering Management (43.8%), and MechanicalEngineering Technology (44.8%). The participant group was evenly divided between undergraduate(49.5%) and graduate (50.5%) students.The survey featured a combination of multiple-choice and Likert-scale questions focused on four mainareas: first, the survey explored usage patterns and engagement with AI tools with questions focus onhow students interact with AI tools, the various applications of these tools in their studies, and theperceived engagement and efficiency benefits; second

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 6: WIP: Factors Influencing Faculty Pedagogical Decisions around Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice (DEIJ) in Engineering: A Comparative Case Study

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Avis Carrero, Tufts University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #45273WIP: Factors Influencing Faculty Pedagogical Decisions around Diversity,Equity, Inclusion, and Justice (DEIJ) in Engineering: A Comparative CaseStudyMr. Avis Carrero, Tufts University Avis Carrero is a civil and environmental engineering PhD candidate at Tufts University. He previously earned an M.S. in Civil Engineering from Tufts, focusing on geosystems engineering. Avis’ research focuses on advancing racial and educational equity in engineering education through exploring the experiences of students and faculty. His dissertation research examines factors that shape faculty pedagogical and curricular

Conference Session

CANCELLED: Track 5: Technical Session 5: Hiring Practices to Build a Diverse Team at Wakr Forest Engineering: Transforming Engineering Education and Broadening Participation in Engineering is Possible!

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, Wake Forest University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

University. Olga is a national thought leader in higher education and engineering education. She is a biomedical and mechanical engineer as well as an STEM education researcher. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Inclusive and Bias-Minimizing Hiring Practices to Build a Diverse Team at Wake Forest Engineering: Transforming Engineering Education through Faculty Diversity and Broadening ParticipationThis paper presents a comprehensive case study of Wake Forest Engineering's successful launchand transformation to build a diverse faculty team to support innovation across curriculum,pedagogy, research, and community impact. By implementing research-grounded hiringpractices focused on

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 2: Bridging Futures Takes a Village: A Pre-College Collaborative Education and Research Approach to Broaden Participation of Underrepresented Population in STEM Career Pathways

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Olgha Bassam Qaqish, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Chloe Hincher, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Veronica Mbaneme, North Carolina State University; Sarah Olivia Harris, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Hincher, North Carolina State University at RaleighDr. Veronica Mbaneme, North Carolina State University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 “Bridging Futures Takes a Village: A Pre-College Collaborative Education and Research Approach to Broaden Participation of Underrepresented Populations in STEM Career Pathways”Abstract: This case study examines the integration of an Early College High School (ECHS) with theGrand Challenges Scholars Program (GCSP) at a prominent R1 public institution in the UnitedStates. The collaboration aims to empower K-12 students from underrepresented minority(URM) groups by engaging them in research to prepare them for successful careers inengineering and

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Romain Kazadi Tshikolu, University of Detroit Mercy; Alan S Hoback, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

can be taught using themost efficient pedagogy to reach expected outcomes.Step 4 - Integration of sub-systems: the groups meet regularly to exchange information so thatthe various aspects can be easily assembled. Steps 2 to 4 are done in loop until the initialspecifications are satisfied.Step 5 - An oral presentation with a real or virtual prototype system closes the project and a finalnote is given to each group.Benefits: students learn by themselves, they acquire research skills, they understand therequirements of working inside a small group but in coherence with the larger group, they faceearly in their study the obligation to design a system that works and they realize the necessity forengineers to efficiently communicate on what they

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Aiman S Kuzmar, Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Engaging Undergraduate Students in Solving Real Roadway Problems at the Campus of the Islamic University of MadinahAbstract:Undergraduate research is an excellent teaching tool in engineering education. Service learningis another beneficial educational technique in engineering. A brief introduction on bothundergraduate research and service learning is presented along with a summary of their benefits.This paper is on combining these two tactics in a senior highway engineering course in the civilengineering curriculum at the Islamic University of Madinah.The CE 3742 undergraduate Highway Engineering course at the Islamic University of Madinahhad a mandatory research component in its proceedings in the span of the past ten years

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Marino Nader, University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

challenging for students, examining students is another challenge for both instructors as well asfor students2. Instructors are concerned with online testing due to the tendency that students cheat3or maybe tempted to cheat where possible, and when they are comfortable to do so4. Chegg5, AI6,Course Hero7 or any other sources could be hubs where students may refuge to during an onlineexamination, despite the remote proctoring software used. Apart from grade inflation, cheating canalso jeopardize the examination integrity, and the Engineering program of the educationinstitution8. Another challenge that instructors face is in preparing large pools of questions withthe right difficulty levels distributed equally for each student in each test8. The

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Elin Jensen, Lawrence Technological University; Taylor Warstler; Donald D. Carpenter P.E., Lawrence Technological University; Alyssa Taube; Lynne Seymour

Tagged Topics

Diversity

engage in meaningful problem-solving whilegaining an appreciation for stormwater management. The overwhelmingly positive feedbackfrom students and teachers underscores the importance of such initiatives in addressingworkforce shortages in engineering fields. Future iterations of this activity could exploreextended formats to facilitate deeper discussions on trade-offs and calculations to enrich thelearning experience. This effort provides a transferable model for integrating real-worldengineering concepts into outreach activities, with the goal to bring awareness about engineeringcareers in water related job market.References1. https://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/rankings/best-engineering-jobs Accessed 12.31.20242. https://www.bcg.com

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Teresa Piliouras; Steffi Crasto; Chinmay Dharap; Pui Lam Yu; Navarun Gupta

Lifelong Learning mindset and readiness, cognitive overload, and Modern educators and psychologists emphasize that structural or systemic constraints in current educational critical thinking is not limited to logic or bias recognition; it is and training environments. a dynamic skill essential for adaptability, creativity, and The goal is to equip individuals of all ages with the tools continuous learning. Developing the ability to questionand guidance needed to develop awareness, discernment, and assumptions, re-evaluate beliefs, and integrate newresilience in an increasingly risky digital world. Without these information equips individuals to

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 7: "Three strikes, you're out"¦ actually, that's four strikes": Transgressive Teacher and Student Humor in a Pre-College Engineering Classroom

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

George Schafer, Drexel University; Christopher George Wright, Drexel University (Tech.) (MERGED)

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

(Tech.) (MERGED) Dr. Wright is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Teaching, Learning, & Curriculum in Drexel University’s School of Education. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 “Three strikes, you’re out… actually, that’s four strikes”: Transgressive Teacher and Student Humor in a Pre-College Engineering Classroom George Schafer (they/them), Christopher Wright (he/him) Drexel University School of EducationCoNECD Presentation Page 1 of 22OVERVIEWIntroductionContext of StudyHumor and EquityTheoretical ApproachThemes from AnalysisConclusionCoNECD Presentation Page 2 of 22 CONTEXT OF STUDY

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Navarun Gupta; Deana DiLuggo; Junling Hu; Abhilasha Tibrewal; Ahmed Elsayed; Theresa Bruckerhoff

2025 ASEE Northeast Section Conference, March 22, 2025, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT, USA. Evaluation Report of Project Achieve: Fostering Hispanic Achievement in Computer Science and Engineering with Affinity Research Group Model Navarun Gupta, Deana DiLuggo, Junling Hu, Theresa Bruckerhoff Abhilasha Tiberwal, Ahmed Elsayed VP and Principal Evaluator University of Bridgeport Curriculum Research and Evaluation, Inc. Bridgeport, CT, USA Chaplin, CT, USA navarung@bridgeport.edu, ddiluggo@bridgeport.edu

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Andrea Arce-Trigatti, Tennessee Tech University; Pedro E. Arce, Tennessee Technological University; Robby Sanders, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

test apparatus for an engineering laboratory course.” Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 2024. DOI: 10.1002/cae.22773 12. M. Chen. “Facilitating aerospace engineering senior design: Integrating lab curriculum redesign with student project and new technologies.” Engineering Reports, 2024. DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12938AcknowledgementsThis material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. 2152218. Disclaimer: Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Science Foundation.

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel; Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; Nahid Vesali P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

systems thinking—core componentsof the entrepreneurial mindset. By focusing on these skills, the program aligns with broadereducational goals to prepare students for complex problem-solving in dynamic, real-worldcontexts.Since its inception, the KEEN Fellowship program has grown significantly, drawing participantsfrom various disciplines and institutions nationwide. Fellows undergo professional developmentthrough targeted workshops, such as Integrating Curriculum with Entrepreneurial Mindset (ICE)and Problem-Solving Studios (PSS), which equip them with pedagogical tools and frameworksthat foster active learning and cross-disciplinary applications. This growth reflects an increasingrecognition of the entrepreneurial mindset as essential for

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Kenneth R. Leitch P.E., West Texas A&M University; Colton Atkins, West Texas A&M University; Benton Allen, West Texas A&M University

, testing, and implementation ofdesigns. Through the ET-AG Program, WTAMU will create a pipeline of skilled graduates readyto lead in agriculture technology and contribute to a more resilient and sustainable agriculturalsector, both regionally and beyond.Developing a multidisciplinary program for undergraduates and graduates presents severalchallenges in terms of integrating concepts from multiple fields, creating relevantinterdisciplinary material, and meeting the needs of diverse learners. Institutions need to ensureprovision of reliable infrastructure in concerns to programs that have online, and blendedlearning communities embedded into their curriculum [1, 2]. Significant investment is alsoneeded to incorporate new tools, such as generative

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Marvin Gayle; Danny Mangra

. programming in a common integrated developmentWhy is instructor training so critical to safely and effectively environment [IDE] or cybersecurity network simulations forteaching pedagogy? We present these paradigms and discuss Information Technology courses.challenges associated with laboratory-based learning. Theseinclude equipment costs, upkeep and maintenance of equipment In the context of an ABET accredited curriculum, lab-and lab space availability. Increasing ways to mitigate these based instruction not only reinforces technical skills andchallenges often include a virtual and online environment. problem-solving abilities. Lab classes provide relevantFinally, we also share methods for the assessment

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Lina H. Kloub, University of Connecticut

Empowering Students with AI: A Universal Design Framework for Learning and Growth Lina H. Kloub School of Computing University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA lina.kloub@uconn.edu Abstract—The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in challenging in the curriculum. The course demands a deepeducation presents a unique opportunity to enhance learning ex- understanding of algorithmic principles and the ability to applyperiences, foster

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 3: Piloting A Personalized Learning Model for Chemical Engineering Graduate Education: Lessons Learned from Creating a Chemical Engineering Body of Knowledge

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

April Dukes, University of Pittsburgh; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Susan K Fullerton Shirey, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Duhem equation using Legendre transforms Thermo: Compute property changes on mixing using65 partial molar properties Thermo: Compute fluid properties from two and three66 parameter corresponding statesProposed Modularization - SafetyImplications and Takeaways• Most LO’s, especially the “important” ones, were sorted as Undergraduate Level Eun B. (2017). The zone of proximal development as an overarching concept: A framework for synthesizing Vygotsky’s theories. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2017.1421941• In our BOK, the graduate core curriculum indicated that the mastery of undergraduate learning is essential for CHE

Conference Session

Track 7: Technical Session 1: Agriculture & Nutrition for Girls While Encouraging Leadership & Stem-Enrichment (ANGELS) Program

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Sandra C Affare, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Marissa McElrone, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Rachelle Pedersen, Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Pedersen, Texas Tech University Rachelle Pedersen is an Assistant Professor at Texas Tech University in the Department of Curriculum & Instruction (Emphasis in Engineering Education). She has a Ph.D. in Curriculum & Instruction from Texas A&M University and a B.S. in Engineering Science (Technology Education) from Colorado State University. Her research focuses on motivation and social influences (e.g. mentoring and identity development) that support underrepresented students in STEM fields. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025Proceedings for the 8th Annual Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity(CoNECD) Conference Agriculture & Nutrition for

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Oliver Cole Harrison, Wichita State University; Adam Carlton Lynch, Wichita State University; Ridge Daniel Towner, Wichita State University

their courses using PjBL11. PjBL is not meant to replace traditional education such as lectures,quizzes, and assessments. It is meant to expand upon what is taught in the classroom and what isrecommended in the ABET engineering criteria 200012.Lean Six Sigma, DMAIC, and DMADV are essential methodologies for process improvement andquality enhancement. Ishikawa Diagrams, Kaizen events, Measurement System Analysis (MSA),Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) are a few methods used to decrease defects and improvequality. These help eliminate waste, reduce variation, and ensure robust designs, leading to higherefficiency and customer satisfaction13. The integration of the DMAIC and DMADV processes are arequirement in modern processes to have an

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Ragavanantham Shanmugam, Fairmont State University; Madhan Gopal Perumal, The University of Texas at Dallas; Uma Maheswari Krishnamoorthy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

productive, as it fostersadaptability while ensuring structure. However, for undergraduate students transitioning from astructured K-12 system to an open academic setting, a structured pathway to student successbecomes essential. Without clear guidance, excessive freedom may lead to distractions,impacting learning and retention. By integrating flexible learning pathways, education canmaintain academic rigor while allowing adaptive approaches that support student success acrossvaried learning needs [4].Figure 1: Challenges in Conventional Education (Courtesy: National Center for Education Statistics -2022)The pie chart titled "Challenges in Conventional Education in the USA" illustrates four keyissues that impact traditional educational models: 1

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

John M Mativo, University of Georgia; Ramana Pidaparti, University of Georgia; Jarron Gravesande, Providence Chrisitian Academy

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

computer vision andmachine learning, are revolutionizing multiple industries [1]. Many companies have integratedAI and machine learning platforms into their customer user face and employee workflowsoftware. This trend calls for preparing the next generation of learners for this transformation,which requires innovation in the education sector, especially within the K-12 system [2].ImageSTEAM, an NSF-funded initiative, was created in 2019 to bridge this gap by empoweringmiddle school educators to integrate visual computing and AI technologies into their classrooms.The program provides professional development workshops for teachers and co-creates learningmodules with researchers, fostering a learning environment where students engage with AIconcepts

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Mohammad A Aliedeh, New Mexico State University

the TTA Solution constructs and tools needed for the design, construction,start-up and pilot product production of TTA Knowledge Production Process. The first paper (A1)mainly focused on developing the needed core frameworks and models. The second and the fourthones (A2 and A4) presented the customized version of TTA solution by developing a genericthinking toolbox. The third and fifth articles focused on presenting numerous practical TTA pilotproducts. The sixth paper ended this long documentation of TTA by presenting an integratedframework to accommodate TTA constructs, concepts, processes, and tools. TTA is alreadyconceptualized (A1), customized (A2 and A4), operationalized (A3 and A5) and integrated (A6), asvisually illustrated in Figure