Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

Farrah Fayyaz, Concordia University

achieved solo and to make learning complete, thelearner must find ways to learn from the team. The pre-recorded videos are not used directly forteam-work as such, however, students are provided an online forum (in the form of Google docas it is very easy to post pictures and screen shots as well on a Google doc) to ask questions andparticipate in discussions related to the videos. It is not mandatory for them to participate indiscussion and post questions, but they are encouraged. This forum is used in three semestersalready and it stays very active. It is easy for students to pose the question on the Discussion docat any convenient time when they are watching the videos or reflecting on it. Then other studentsand instructor comment and discuss.In

Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

Albert Lozano-Nieto, Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre Campus

oscilloscope to visualize the digital signals at the output of the receiver and identifysimilarities among the different codes generated by pushing the different keys in the remotecontrol as shown in Figure 3. Students are also asked to modify the angle of incidence betweentransmitter and receiver that results on a code being generated which results on mapping out theallowable area for the remote control to work correctly. They are also asked to experiment onhow the signals are affected by distance between transmitter and receiver, reflections, etc.Figure 3: Codes generated by a TV remote controlBasic Oscillator with 555 timer.- Freshman EE/EET students typically do not have theopportunity to work with integrated circuits. This experiment aims to

Collection

2021 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Harrison Heinig; Kyle Hohman; Derek Ritterbusch; Stephany Coffman-Wolph, Ohio Northern University; Heath Joseph LeBlanc, Ohio Northern University; Tyler Joseph Horne

break immediately and will take many hours of work tokeep working every school year.The capstone team and Ohio Northern University are concerned with all of the different metrics,as their reputations are on the line if the project fails to meet expectations. Especially importantare the security concerns, as a breach of security/privacy would reflect poorly on the groups, andan especially egregious breach could have more tangible consequences.3. Existing Hallpass System OptionsThere are a few competing products on the market that could be used as a substitute for theproject. The largest competition is the hallpass monitoring system that is already in place. Theother competition to the project is digital forms of hallpass monitoring that is done

Collection

2021 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Donna M. Schaeffer, Marymount University; Jillian Drake, Marymount University

issues.Limitations and Future Work As this was an initial attempt to provide a taxonomic view of crowdsourced and openinnovation organizational perspectives on privacy, recruitment and engineering ethics, a limitednumber of these organizations were selected for evaluation. The goal of this research was toselect organizations for evaluation that reflected an overview of various types and from differingregions. With the crowdsourcing and open innovation market continuing to expand in size,complexity of project and area of reach, there is significant opportunity for further research intothis segment and the investigation of selected crowdsourcing industry silos or specific ethicalconcern.Conclusion Crowdsourcing and open innovation initiatives

Collection

2003 GSW

Authors

Jerry K. Keska; Heechan Shin

experimentation mode, video feedback information in addition to theinformation should be given to the remote computer through the graphical user interface. Fastsystem responsiveness is a key goal of remote experimentation, so adopting fast Internetconnections like DSL, Cable or LAN should minimize response times. Different kinds ofinformation streams are exchanged between the server and the clients as follows: The data stream representing the measurements made on the physical system. The video stream acquired by the camera. The parameter stream that reflects the user actions on the client side. The administrative stream which deals with login/logout issues.National Instruments provides a fully featured built-in web server written in G language

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Cheryl L. Willis

representatives, employers, or surveys of alumni, as is theusual case for continuous program improvement assessment, cannot provide the depth of detail that potentially couldcome from an analysis of the labor markets’ supply and demand indicators. By using the data resources of theFederal-State Cooperative Labor Market Statistical System, known collectively for this paper as the labor marketinformation system (LMIS), to inform their continuous program improvement efforts, STEM programs couldinclude a relevant layer of information sources to aid in the identification, design, and alignment of programoutcomes and objectives with economic demands and needs of the state and region.This paper reflects one STEM program’s use of the LMIS to inform its program

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Farrokh Attarzadeh; Miguel A. Ramos; Enrique Barbieri

scores for each student during the semester. (independent variable) • WPRSUM – The sum total of weekly progress report scores for each student during the semester. These totals reflect group work. (independent variable) • Proposal – Proposal presentation score. (independent variable) • Midterm – Midterm exam score. (independent variable) • Final Exam – Final exam score. (dependent variable) • Project – Final project total score. (dependent variable)Analysis for Fall 2006It was hypothesized that of the four independent variables, the weekly progress reports(WPRSUM) and proposal scores had the highest likelihood of having a relationship withthe final project since these items most closely

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Kenneth W. Van Treuren; Ian A. Gravagne

technical and social content.This need for energy education is the main motivation for the energy awareness efforts at BaylorUniversity. According to the National Energy Policy2, the U. S. must have between 1,300 and1,900 new electricity generation plants in place to meet the projected 45% increase in electricaldemand by the year 2020. There is little chance that this need in new electricity generation plantswill be satisfied. Economic and political policies often reflect the unspoken assumption that theUnited States will be able to continually increase its reliance on natural resources and moreimportantly, energy resources. Goals for “energy independence” have continually slipped sincethe term first appeared in 1980. For instance, with plentiful

Collection

2009 GSW

Authors

Kenneth W. Van Treuren

point to the fact that the world is headed for certain doom because of the perceivedshortage. “Airbus Seeks 500 Engineers: Company having trouble finding applicants inEurope,”1 “U. S. Aerospace Industry Facing Labor Shortage,”2 and “Brain Drain Could GroundAerospace Production: Industry Task Force Offers Dire Warning if Workforce ChallengesAren’t Met”3 are but a few of the headlines that reflect this need. However, other headlines justa few years earlier indicated otherwise or that the cause of the lack of engineers was unclear. In2005, Bill Schweber wrote that there is “No Shortage of ‘Engineering Shortage’ Talk”4. At thispoint in time, the media was saying there were too few students in math and science and that theperception of engineering

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2: Solar Track

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tessa Veurink, University of Pittsburgh; Bradley G. Fox, University of Pittsburgh; Sabrina R. Helbig, University of Pittsburgh; Duncan Penizotto, University of Pittsburgh; Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Brandon M. Grainger, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

as reflect on progress and achievements for the atto-grid project.IntroductionToday, the global pandemic has affected and impacted professionals and students by hinderingthem from safely working together at an office, facility, or school. Because of this, manyprofessionals must work at home where electricity or internet connectivity issues may be moreprevalent than at their typical office. To address the need for a resilient power source for at-homeoffices, the team developed the atto-grid – a resilient power system that uses distributed powersources to safely and effectively power a typical at-home office load.The team designed the atto-grid for a senior design capstone project that complied withrequirements set by faculty, as well as

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Learning and Teaching Experiences

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Haolin Zhu, Arizona State University; Amy Trowbridge, Arizona State University; Keirien Taylor, Arizona State University, UOEEE; Daniel J. Laxman, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

multidisciplinary introduction to engineering course, a unique introduction to engineering MOOC, and another MOOC focused on exploring global challenges from an interdisciplinary perspective. She is interested in curricular and co-curricular experiences that broaden students’ perspectives and enhance student learning, and values students’ use of Digital Portfo- lios to reflect on and showcase their accomplishments. Amy earned her Master’s degree in Biomedical Engineering from Arizona State University (ASU), and is currently pursuing her PhD in Engineering Education Systems and Design.Mr. Keirien Taylor, Arizona State University, UOEEE Keirien Taylor is a research assistant at Arizona State University’s Office of Evaluations and

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Pamela Cristina Silva Diaz, PamLab Design and Engineering; Maggie Favretti, Design Ed 4 Resilience; Nathalia Ospina Uribe; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Marcel Castro-Sitiriche, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Luisa Rosario Seijo-Maldonado; Marian Irizarry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Javier Moscoso, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Gabriela Alexandra Otero-Andino; Kevin O'neil Crespo Pagan; Laura Sofia Garcia Canto; Grace Amato, Connecticut College; Fernando Antonio Cuevas, University of Puerto Rico; Dulce M. del Rio-Pineda, Mujeres de Islas, Inc.; Reiner F. Simshauser-Arroyo, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

included a design sprint topractice design thinking, an introduction to the team’s selected focus area (presented by subjectmatter experts), and then proceeded with design thinking activities, further defining needs andinterests within the focus areas, ideating and then prototyping solutions, and developing actionplans. The curriculum included community-led, hands-on and practical exploration, ideation,prototyping, feedback and reflection sessions that resulted in a conceptual design conceived bythe community team.4.3. Symposium MethodologyOrganizing TeamThe organizing team for this symposium included several members of the IUDC, each of whomis a principal author of this work: 3 professors (Marcel Castro, Electrical Engineering;Christopher

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephanie J. Lunn, Florida International University; Monique S. Ross, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

, rather than having to immediately solvein a more “public” fashion. Also, candidates may prefer explaining problems with a pencil on thepaper or on a computer using an integrated development environment. Next, they suggested usingproblems actually encountered at the company, since many puzzles are not reflective of real-worldsituations. Such tasks are seen as giving an unfair advantage to candidates just out of school.Finally, they propose problem solving “as colleagues, not as examiners” a recommendation whichhighlights that rather than an intense interrogation the process should be balanced, and shouldinvolve working together to solve issues, and that this could even be accomplished with other“potential teammates.”In addition to the two

Conference Session

Bridging Content and Context in the Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Heather Dillon, University of Washington Tacoma; Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity

in shifting student bias towards inclusion in the three interventions. The mostpromising approach is student-led, where senior students worked to change the student culturedirectly.Introduction and BackgroundImproving diversity in STEM fields is an important goal and has been widely studied. It is well-known that students and professionals in STEM careers in the USA do not reflect the generalpopulation of the country [1]. For example, white men make up 31.6% of the general populationwhile they make up 51% of scientists and engineers. Black men make up 6% of the populationand 3% of the STEM workforce. The percentage of non-white and non-Asian people in the USAis 31.3% while the percentage of this sub-population working in STEM is just 12%. In

Conference Session

TELPhE Division Technical Session 1: Expanding Technological and Engineering Literacies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for Their Professional Practice

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shiuan-Huey Yen, Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan; Jessica Fan, Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan; Mandy Liu, Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan; Liang-Jenq Leu, Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

futureimprovement of the UIC model adopted in the IAPhD Project.Regional and national R&D in high-level talent training in JapanJapan’s UIC supporting initiatives reflected the importance of small firms in R&D. Thecountry’s UICs did not develop as rapidly as those of the U.S. and other European countries,possibly due to the lack of funding for small firms with R&D energy [13]-[14]. Since smallfirms usually face resource constraints [15], innovation initiatives constantly monitor theirperformance to provide the necessary support [16]. It is suggested that small firms benefit fromUIC regarding its characteristics related to practical goals and productization [17]. Japan hasalso emphasized on high-level talent training to stimulate both national

Conference Session

Engineering Communication II: Curricular Practices, Integrations, and Collaborations

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kali Lynn Morgan, Georgia Institute of Technology; Cristi L. Bell-Huff, Georgia Institute of Technology; Janece Shaffer, StoryReady LLC; Joseph M. LeDoux, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

, several ofour middle years major-required courses, and a new third-year course designed for students whoexpect to graduate within the next year [29]. The first-year course introduces students toprinciples of reflection as a building block of SDL, in addition to design thinking, and thebiomedical engineering (BME) field. In the middle years’ courses, students engage in signaturelearning experiences that foster their entrepreneurial mindset and encourage them to integratewhat they are learning with some of their prior extra- and co-curricular experiences. In their thirdyear, students complete a new, major-required course entitled The Art of Telling Your Story thatacts as a type of capstone experience in this vertically integrated curriculum.The

Conference Session

Teaching In and Through Design, Maker Spaces, and Open-ended Problems

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Larson, Arizona State University; Wendy M. Barnard, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Darshan Karwat, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. The earlier in their education engineers are exposed to the layers ofabstraction associated with the leaps from experiment to project and product, the more theywill be able to advance not only their own craft, but the field altogether. The stakeholders whobenefit from a self-reflective engineering force will live comfortably and sustainably, so longas engineers are equipped to recognize all the abstract constraints they face in the design oftheir processes and products.Frameworks like Engineering for One Planet help offset the simple unfathomability ofchallenges on time scales incomprehensible to engineers and their stakeholders today. EOP inparticular takes advantage of the logical conclusion of engineering fields undergoing‘expansive

Conference Session

Enhancing Teaching and Research

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Timothy Aaron Wood, The Citadel; Dan D. Nale P.E., The Citadel; Kweku Tekyi Brown P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

guide students to an appropriateproblem-solving strategy, encouraging discussion and peer instruction. Though some SRSs allowfor direct numerical response, Plickers questions are limited to multiply choice numerical answeroptions. Peer Instruction provides an opportunity for stronger students to encourage and guideothers to the correct answer. To the degree the Peer Instruction pedagogy is used, students aregiven a great deal of autonomy over a good grade as they experience relatedness and developtheir personal competence.Student PerspectivesThe authors have been collecting student survey data (often using Plickers) from 2016 to 2021.The following data reflect survey results from over 700 students in 38 course sections taught bythree faculty

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Student Perceptions and Perspectives

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nora Honken, University of Cincinnati; Angela Boronyak, University of Cincinnati; James Edward Roethler, Spalding University; Aimee M. Frame, University of Cincinnati; Cedrick Kwuimy, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

study must be viewed along with the threats tovalidity that are inherent in all studies based on retrospective survey questions. We do not knowhow students interpreted the survey questions, nor how accurately their responses match theirtrue feelings. Multiple questions related to when they started college which was 12 weeks tothree years prior to taking the survey. We fully understand that their responses might have beeninfluenced by their experiences and might not reflect what they were truly looking forward to orconcerned about when they first started college. When reviewing the comparisons between thefirst-year students and upper-level students, one must also consider that students who weredismissed from the college of engineering due to

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nathalia De Souza, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Michaella Ochotorena, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lauren Anne Cooper, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Student

choose which motivation assignments or quizzes they complete out of a pool of Class assignments and quizzes format More hands on/lab-based classes Encourage students to have their cameras on during were better than turning them more class into theory-based classes Zoom fatigue- students get burnt out fasterSome papers we reviewed noted a negative parallel between the emergency online learning shiftand student motivation levels that our research also reflected. As stated by Vielma and Brey [3],students who faced self-motivation issues typically were affected by one or more of thefollowing

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amanda Simson, The Cooper Union; Martin S. Lawless, The Cooper Union; Cynthia Lee, The Cooper Union; Lisa Shay P.E., The Cooper Union; Toby John Cumberbatch, The Cooper Union; Austin Wade Smith, The Cooper Union; Neveen Shlayan, The Cooper Union

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Fall 2020 semester Shared Assignments: Learning Shared Objectives: Rubric: Background Research Paper 4, 5 Yes Midterm Presentation “Pitch” 3, 4, 5 Yes Ethics Reading/Reflection 7 No Participatory Design: Problem 1, 3 Yes identification Participatory Design: Decision Matrix 2, 3,6 No Final 5-min video presentation 3, 5 NoFall 2020 Course SpecificsIn the Fall of 2020, 139 first-year and transfer students registered for EID101. The percentageof students

Conference Session

New Directions for Engineering Technology

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shaoping Qiu, Texas A&M University; Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Michael D. Johnson, Texas A&M University; Elizabeth A. Roumell, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

survey. Most of them are from Texas. Our next study willcertainly sample a large number of participants that better represent the population of the USA inthe warehousing and industrial distribution industry. For example, we could choose some areasin the country that have the greatest number of warehousing and distribution centers. These areashave vastly different cultures and environments. This way, the results of the study would includea better reflection of how the future of work would impact varying cultures, thus providing abetter insight into how employees and managers would be willing to accept the changes neededto incorporate new technologies into the work environment.References:[1] S. S. Bhattacharyya and S. Nair, "Explicating the

Conference Session

TELPhE Division Technical Session 2: The Broadening Face of Engineering Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mousumi Roy P.E., University of Connecticut

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

disciplines as we havenoted earlier in case of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Benjamin Franklin and others. In aninterdisciplinary project, participants work jointly to address a common problem applying theirown disciplinary perspective. Transdisciplinarity is achieved when participants from differentfield jointly develop and use a unified and holistic concept, theories and methodology for aunique problem. Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinary reflect a continuum of increasing levels ofinvolvement by multiple disciplines [6]. Interdisciplinarity will be used here in a general sense toinclude inter, multi, and transdisciplinarity (see Figure 2). 4

Conference Session

Research on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

David Ray Waller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yukiko Maeda, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Louis Tay, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference Session

Academic Success and Retention

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Baker A. Martin, Clemson University; Marisa K. Orr, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineering population of the United States. While the institutionsused in this study share common matriculation practices, all institutions of the same type are notnecessarily identical to each other. For example, some institutions offer majors not availableelsewhere and some may have enrollment criteria for specific engineering majors that exceed therequirements for engineering at large.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) underGrant No. 1545667. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.References[1] A. Theiss, J. E. Robertson, R. L. Kajfez, K. M. Kecskemety, and

Conference Session

Faculty Development 3: Research, Practice, and Lessons Learned

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nadiye O. Erdil, University of New Haven; Ronald S. Harichandran, University of New Haven; Maria-Isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven; Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven; Goli Nossoni, University of New Haven; Emese Hadnagy, University of New Haven; Joseph A. Levert, University of New Haven; Junhui Zhao, University of New Haven

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division

years compared to earlier years as reflected in the sample data shownin Table 3, and we believe this is largely due to increased faculty engagement and positivityrelated to EML. Table 3 Average Student Ratings Related to E-learning Modules Question 2015* (n = 98) Fall 2020* (n = 133) The instructor reinforced what you learned in the e-learning 3.58 3.95 module through an assignment or a project The assignment or the project was effective in reinforcing 3.44 3.91 what you learned

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mehdi Lamssali, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University; Olivia Kay Nicholas, RAPID; Alesia Coralie Ferguson, North Carolina A&T State University; Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Angela M. White, NC A&T State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student

faculty: “I think maybe like a Best Practices Guide for students taking online classes would bebeneficial, how to effectively manage one’s time since I think time management is really key. It'skey in any situation, especially for incoming students, not quite knowing how is college differentthan high school. Managing their time would be giving student a lot more freedom. So, I thinkimplementing Best Practices Guide, strategies for time management, as well as setting outschedules would give them ample opportunity for breaks as it hard for students to sit in front of acomputer all day long” (Research Participant 5)Conclusion & future work In this study, multiple common themes reflected faculty perceptions of studentexperiences and

Conference Session

Special Topics: Conscious Considerations

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrea Arce-Trigatti, Tennessee Technological University; Stephanie Jorgensen, Tennessee Technological University; Robby Sanders, Tennessee Technological University; Pedro E. Arce, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity

’ professional development and thedevelopment of a community project, critical indicators, including student end-of-semestersurvey, reflection items, and the success of the implementation of the semester communityproject present evidence of the effectiveness of the model for this program. Specifically, end-of-semester survey results indicate positive trends concerning understanding, applying, anddescribing the Foundry overall. Additionally, presentations indicate a level of understanding ofthe Foundry as all community event designs were required to integrate the model as part of theirplanning and implementation. In terms of retention and engagement, end-of-semester surveyresults indicate that the majority of the students in the program will persist in

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael Elmore P.E., State University of New York at Binghamton; Koenraad E. Gieskes, State University of New York at Binghamton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

factors might have influenced their decision. The intent was to better understandhow students, who are uncertain about their choice of major at the start of the fall semester, cometo a decision about which major to declare. And why some students who are more confident oftheir intended major at the start of the semester end up changing their intended major. Theprimary question being asked is: What can the 1st-year engineering program do to better aid students in their choice of major?An estimated 40% of entering 1st-year engineering students are uncertain about their choice ofmajor [1]. This was reflected in the number of 1st-year students at Binghamton University asreported in a survey they were given in