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Displaying results 19231 - 19260 of 40902 in total
Conference Session
Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3: Spatial Visualization
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Agata K. Dean, Colorado School of Mines
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
prior to Fall 2016. Thethree major areas of concern for the redesign effort are summarized in Table 1. This paperdescribes the efforts to reach the target population, promote multidisciplinary connections, andprovide a novel curriculum developed around the course workbook5 and designed to enrichstudent learning at Colorado School of Mines.Table 1: Significant Revisions to CSM 151 Implemented in Fall 2016 Target Topic Proposed Solution Improve Course Structure Design in-class activities to develop aspects of spatial visualization and move workbook to out-of-class homework Promote Multidisciplinary Introduce a team research project to explore the role spatial skills Connections play in
Conference Session
Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wei Yu, Massachusetts Maritime Academy; Gail M. Stephens, Massachusetts Maritime Academy; William Haynes, Massachusetts Maritime Academy
Tagged Divisions
Ocean and Marine
companies, it would be beneficial to seek theindustrial expectations on a national scope.This paper targets the industrial expectations for the marine engineering major students on anational scope. Job hunting websites, including indeed, linkedin, glassdoor, monster andcareerbuilder, have been used to collect national information on the 115 marine engineering jobsavailable from May 2017 to Oct 2017. Statistical analysis has revealed the industrial expectationsfor the top job placements (locations), the top job categories, and software skills most in demand.The paper also discusses possible modifications to the existing MMA curriculum and coursecontents to better meet these industrial expectations, including assigning practical projects incourses
Conference Session
Professional Development for Teachers
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sarah E. Lopez, Utah State University; Wade H. Goodridge, Utah State University; Kurt Henry Becker, Utah State University
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
- gineering education in informal, traditional, distance, and professional environments. Dr. Goodridge currently teaches courses in ”Teaching, Learning, and Assessment in Engineering Education” and ”Engi- neering Mechanics: Statics.” Dr. Goodridge is an engineering councilor for the Council on Undergraduate Research (CUR) and serves on ASEE’s project board. Dr. Goodridge actively consults for projects includ- ing the development of an online curriculum style guide for Siemens software instruction, development of engineering activities for blind and visually impaired youth, and the implementation and investigation of a framework of engineering content to incorporate into P-12 engineering education.Prof. Kurt Henry Becker, Utah
Conference Session
Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Reginald E. Rogers Jr., Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Todd Pagano, Rochester Institute of Technology/National Technical Institute for the Deaf
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
the Year Award from the National Society of Black Engineers.Dr. Todd Pagano, Rochester Institute of Technology/National Technical Institute for the Deaf Todd Pagano is the Associate Dean for Teaching & Scholarship Excellence and Professor of Chemistry at Rochester Institute of Technology’s National Technical Institute for the Deaf (RIT/NTID) where he is responsible for oversight of NTID’s undergraduate research initiatives and has mentored over sixty Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing undergrads in his own scientific research projects. He was the founding director of the Laboratory Science Technology program at NTID; a unique degree granting program for Deaf/Hard- of-Hearing students. In this role he led the design and
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Engineering Programs
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Saniya Leblanc, George Washington University; Ekundayo Shittu, George Washington University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
topics and training along with professional skills development seemedcritical to the overall benefit of the program.MethodsPrevious reports described the program structure and evaluation results in the program’s firstyear [1]. Briefly, the eight-week long program consisted of four modules: (1) soft lithographyand microfluidics, (2) fabrication (photolithography and electron beam lithography, deposition,and etch), (3) characterization (microscopy and electrical probing), and (4) finance andcommercialization. Mornings were spent doing lessons on content area knowledge andexplaining techniques, and afternoons had hands-on training and laboratory activities. One dayper week and non-training times were devoted to a research project which spanned the
Conference Session
A Technology Potpourri I
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Border, Bowling Green State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
University Faculty Senate. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Performance of a Linux-based RouterAbstractToday’s routers have increasingly short life cycles. The short life cycle is due to the growingdemand for bandwidth by users. High traffic under limited bandwidth conditions results in asignificant number of dropped connections and excruciatingly slow speeds. Coupled with thepractice of sporadic firmware updates for the majority of commercial routers, consumers usuallyhave to purchase new hardware every two years to maintain consistent speeds. This projectexplores an alternative, building a home-built router suitable for use in senior projects andspecial projects. While our lab
Conference Session
College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mehmet Çelik, Aselsan Inc., Council of Higher Education of Turkey
Tagged Divisions
College Industry Partnerships
used.Aselsan Academy was founded in June 2017 [18] as an official company directorate toregulate and manage engineering graduate studies of the Aselsan employees towards needsand benefits of the company. Employees can obtain their Master of Science and Doctor ofPhilosophy degrees upon completion of the specific program requirements. Aselsan Academyexpects from students that, their graduate studies to match with their projects in Aselsan withrespect to main campus university regulations. Employees are required to carry out their jobresponsibilities and graduate studies at the same time.OrganizationAselsan Academy is officially recognized and formed by the agreement between Aselsan,Higher Education Council (YÖK) of Turkey and four major state research
Conference Session
Student Division Technical Session 4
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kayla R. Maxey, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)
Tagged Divisions
Student
projects. However,additional professional development activities require faculty advisors and students tostrategically seek opportunities that develop other skills required of faculty members liketeaching, course design, assessment, proposal writing, collaboration, and more. In addition, dueto programmatic requirements, there is limited time and space for graduate students to explore“who they are” and “who they want to be” as a future faculty member. This paper is anautoethnographic account of my, a current engineering education graduate student, professionalidentity development as an up-and-coming engineering education faculty member during avisiting scholar experience.This paper investigates the impact of the Rising Engineering Education Faculty
Conference Session
First-year Programs: Research and Spatial Skills
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Asefeh Kardgar, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
assistants initially analyzed thedata to reduce bias in the assessment.Infographic course contentInfographics are the combination of data and picture. In this course (Design Thinking inTechnology (3 credit hours)), which is offered to all first-year technology students, allows themto learn how to connect data and pictures together. The students will understand the data first andthen learn the techniques to create infographics. They will then identify which particularvisualization technique can be applied for their project. The infographic course will begin byintroducing the most important components of infographics and then focus on teaching differenttools for designing them. Once the students have learned how to design infographics and whattheir
Conference Session
Around the Water Cooler: Ideas and Issues in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Nicolas Ali Libre, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Stuart Werner Baur, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Mark Fitch, Missouri University of Science and Technology; William Eric Showalter P.E., Missouri University of Science and Technology
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
manager of Materials Testing lab at Missouri S&T, teaches mechanics of materials and develops digital educational resources for the engineering students. He had the opportunity of leading several scientific and industrial research projects and mentoring graduate and undergraduate students. Over the span of his career, Dr. Libre authored and co-authored 3 chapter books, 17 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 60 conference papers. He has advised and co-advised 8 gradu- ate students and mentored over 30 undergraduate students. He has collaborated with scholars from several countries, including Iran, China, Slovenia, Canada, and the US. He also served as a reviewer for 6 journals and a committee member of 5
Conference Session
Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2 - Development, Assessment, and Impact of Experiential Education
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Rachael E. Cate, Oregon State University; Donald Heer, Oregon State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative and Experiential Education
instruction to students as they progress through the senior capstone project and develop relationships with project stakeholders in industry. She also supports engineering communications program development, research, and implementation. In addition to her Ph. D. research interests in service learning, program de- sign, and qualitative research, she is also collaborating on research in the areas of communications-related success factors of recent engineering graduates in industry and effective tools for instructors of integrated engineering and communications courses. Donald Heer: Donald Heer received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Computer Engineering from Oregon State University in 2001 and 2003, respectively. In 2003, Mr
Conference Session
Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 5
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jared Oluoch, University of Toledo
Tagged Divisions
Computing and Information Technology
afocus on hands-on education. This content is a major component of the CSET program thatsatisfies ABET ETAC Criteria. The Computer Science content of the program was enhanced andredesigned after Fall 2006 to meet ABET CAC Criteria.The CSET program is a mid-station between Computer Science and Computer EngineeringTechnology. The program is geared primarily to students that enjoy hands-on or Project-BasedLearning (PBL). Experiential learning effectively engages students 1,2 , supports technology andcollaboration 3,4,5,6 , reduces failure rates 7 , and exposes students to Science, Technology,Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers 8 .// The rest of this paper is structured as follows.ABET Student Outcome CriteriaBoth ETAC and CAC require
Conference Session
NSF Grantees: First Year Programming (2)
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Alark Joshi, University of San Francisco; Gian Bruno; Xornam Apedoe, University of San Francisco; Sophie Engle, University of San Francisco; Sami Rollins, University of San Francisco; Matthew Malensek, University of San Francisco
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
Paper ID #30680Engendering Community to Computer Science Freshmen through an EarlyArrival ProgramProf. Alark Joshi, University of San Francisco Alark Joshi is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of San Francisco. He was a co-PI on the IDoCode project (http://coen.boisestate.edu/cs/idocode/) that led to a change in the landscape of computer science teacher preparation and education in the state of Idaho. Currently, he is a co-PI on the S-STEM proposal focused on engaging students in the local community to enable successful outcomes for them with respect to courses and internships/jobs
Conference Session
Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 7
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Radana Dvorak, University of Portland; Heather Dillon, University of Portland; Nicole Ralston, University of Portland; Jeffrey Matthew Welch, University of Portland
Tagged Divisions
Computing and Information Technology
security issues in their software engineering careers.Students were asked to rank the learning objectives on a Likert scale of 1 to 5 where 1 was theworst ranking and 5 was the best ranking Generally, the results of the survey demonstratedstudents ranked the objectives well, with the lowest score for the objective about developing anaction plan for ethics indicating ways to improve the module in future course offering. Thehighest values were given to considering multiple viewpoints, indicating the mindset aspects ofthe project may have been successful.Based on the outcome and student feedback recommendations for future implementation of themodule in the curriculum is discussed.IntroductionThis paper describes a classroom module designed to develop
Conference Session
Work in Progress: Hands-on Activities
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Katelyn Dahlke, Washington State University; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University; Jacqueline Gartner Ph.D., Campbell University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University; Prashanta Dutta, Washington State University; David B. Thiessen, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
the large-scaleproject and their role in it. The workshops are supported by a robust website that contains allaccompanying material including worksheets, instructions, assembly videos, frequently askedquestions, a frequently asked questions hotline, and real-time help during implementation.PlanningMost participants, approximately 50, were recruited in the spring and summer of 2018,approximately one year before the workshops began occurring. Participants were recruited via anumber of sources, including the ASEE ChED Summer School, personal networks, andsecondhand suggestions. After faculty agreed to participate in this project and their home IRBoffices gave approval, they were assigned to hubs based on their geographic location. Aschematic of
Conference Session
New Engineering Educators 3 - Grading: Grate or Great
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jennifer Pascal, University of Connecticut; Troy J. Vogel, University of Notre Dame; Kristina Wagstrom, University of Connecticut
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
. Meeting deadlines, despite the students being given a detailed due datematrix, was the biggest challenge observed by the instructors. The data analysis assignment wasthe assessment students most likely did not meet the minimum B+ level to earn credit. This islikely due to poor time management and underestimating the amount of work required tosatisfactory complete data analyses. One co-author also implemented specifications grading to assign grades forundergraduate researchers in the lab. In a given semester, 15-30 students participate inundergraduate research in the lab in question working on projects that are undergraduate-ledrather than shadowing a graduate student. The broad course objectives include (1) studentsdeveloping skills in
Conference Session
NSF Grantees: Faculty Development 1
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jill K. Nelson, George Mason University; Margret Hjalmarson, George Mason University; Anastasia P. Samaras, George Mason University; Lori C. Bland, College of William and Mary
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Virginia. Her current research focuses on assessing learning and professional outcomes in formal and informal STEM learning environments; how data are used to inform decision-making; and the uses of different research, evaluation, and assessment methods to solve educational problems. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Scaling up the SIMPLE Design Model for Faculty Development: Lessons LearnedAbstractThis NSF DUE-funded project has supported the scaling and study of the SIMPLE model forfaculty teaching development. The SIMPLE model provides a framework for ongoing teachingdevelopment in discipline-specific peer groups (SIMPLE groups) designed to support
Collection
2019 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Brett Whorley; Camilo Giraldo; Arjun Kamath; Molly McVey; Meagan Patterson; Carl Luchies
. Students were asked about their motivation to learn course content for eachmodeling platform as well as their confidence in their ability to utilize each software package tosimulate real-world mechanical systems. Survey data was analyzed via SAS 94 English (SASInstitute, Cary, NC, USA) for statistical significance. Modeling Dynamics terminates each semester with a significant group term project. Open-ended instructions encourage teams to develop a research question about a real-world dynamicalsystem that can be investigated using the simulation tools taught in the course. Students oftenselect to use their simulation term project to supplement Capstone Design or graduate researchtopics, which typically requires students to learn and implement
Collection
2020 Mid-Atlantic Spring Conference
Authors
Claire VerHulst, Johns Hopkins University; Karen Borgsmiller, The Johns Hopkins University
hands-on construction to address a problem that hasmultiple valid solutions. It can be a struggle to emulate this environment in the classroom,especially when students have only rudimentary knowledge of engineering subjects. Onepotential vehicle to introduce students to realistic engineering challenges is a survey course forpre-college or first-year students. In this paper we discuss a pre-college engineering surveycourse with particular emphasis on its spaghetti bridge competition, a project that introducesstudents to materials science, statics, error analysis, simulation, engineering design, and givesthem experience working on a team.Every year hundreds of students devote 20 days of their summer break to learn more aboutengineering. They
Conference Session
New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade I
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University; Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University; Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
efficient researchgroup quickly1. Unique research results need to be obtained almost immediately in order toincorporate them into manuscripts since the peer-review process can take over a year beforepublication. The new faculty likely has well-developed project plans for the beginning graduatestudent; however, the student also needs to be educated more extensively as they progresstowards their degree on independent problem solving and generation of ideas. While there is nosubstitute for experience in this endeavor, following certain guidelines can allow the new facultymember to optimize the development of their graduate students in these areas. To be as inclusiveas possible, we also discuss the development of undergraduate research students as
Conference Session
Programming for Engineering Students
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christian Hipp, University of South Carolina; Veronica Addison, University of South Carolina
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
determine the best ways to introduce computing into early undergraduatemechanical engineering curriculum, focusing particularly on numerical methods and analysis.Given the importance of computing in professional engineering practice, this project seeks toimprove students’ facility with computers while moving away from ‘cookbook’ approacheswhich emphasize software-specific skills at the expense of more fundamental mathematical andconceptual knowledge.One aspect of this research project was to determine what computer experiences (STEM --Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics -- or otherwise) students have when they entercollege-level engineering classes. We surveyed sophomore engineering students in“Introduction to Applied Numerical Methods
Conference Session
Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bernd Widdig, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Jack Lohmann, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
International
luniversities undertook between November 2005 and November 2006. The results were firstpresented at a press conference in Frankfurt, Germany on November 10, 2006. We would bedelighted to give you a copy of the entire study at the end of our session.Globalization is radically changing the way national economies around the world design,produce, distribute, and consume goods and services. Engineers are in the midst of this dynamicdevelopment. They use their knowledge of foreign cultures in designing products and servicesfor global markets. They often work in teams on projects with members from different continentsand cultures. They must be internationally mobile, whether physically or virtually.These requirements raise critical questions: Is tomorrow's
Conference Session
Assessment Methods
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Scott Danielson, Arizona State University; Bradley Rogers, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
institutionalizedand last minute ABET visit preparation minimized.IntroductionThe assessment of student attainment of program outcomes as required by ABET accreditationcriteria presents challenges for engineering education programs. Criterion 3 of the 2007/2008criteria for accrediting engineering technology programs states that programs must demonstratethat student assessments are being used as part of a broad, documented continuous improvementprocess. In addition, multiple assessment methods are to be used to “triangulate” data to ensurethat program outcomes and objectives are being met. The Criteria goes on to suggest possibleassessment methods, including “student portfolios, student performance in project work andactivity-based learning; results of
Conference Session
Innovative K-12 Engineering Programs
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aaron Clark, North Carolina State University; Jeremy Ernst, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
countless research studies. Its notoriety and use has much to do with itsreliability and validity 16. Many studies conducted present findings indicating gender and agediscrepancies on the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test - Visualization of Rotations 4, 17, 18.VisTEThe VisTE (Visualization in Technology Education) Project was a three-year National ScienceFoundation funded instructional materials development project (ESI-0137811) which developedvisualization-based materials based on the Standards for Technological Literacy for use intechnology education grades 8-12. The goal of these materials was to integrate science andtechnology and promote technological literacy through the creation of student computer-generated visualizations. Over the three
Conference Session
FPD1 - Early Success and Retention
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alicia Boudreaux, Louisiana Tech University; Kelly Crittenden, Louisiana Tech University; James Nelson, Louisiana Tech University; Galen Turner, Louisiana Tech University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
BioMedical Engineering from Louisiana Tech University in 1996 and 2001 respectively. He is often involved in multidisciplinary work at Louisiana Tech, either through the Integrated Engineering Curriculum or through the IMPaCT (Innovation through Multidisciplinary Projects and Collaborative Teams) program. He is also very involved in STEM education at both the pre-college and college levels.James Nelson, Louisiana Tech University Dr. Jim Nelson is the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies for the College of Engineering and Science at Louisiana Tech University. He is also the Robert Howson Professor of Civil Engineering and specializes in water resources. He played a key role in establishing
Conference Session
Writing and Portfolios
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Warren Hull, Louisiana State University; Warren Waggenspack, Louisiana State University; Lillian B Bowles, Louisiana State University; Jennifer Farrell, Louisiana State University; David Bowles, Louisiana State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
indicators are encouraging.Introduction. In most composition classrooms, informal writing techniques and revisionstrategies have long been accepted as effective for improving student writing. Broadly, informalwriting is risk-free (not graded and does not follow specific conventions) writing that is designedto aid the student thinking and learning process. Informal writing takes many forms: listing,freewriting, journaling, and even doodling. Ultimately, informal writing is a place where thewriting process begins. When informal writing is applied to a larger assignment, it may also bereferred to as generative writing or prewriting since its goal is to generate ideas for andapproaches to a larger project. Conversely, formal writing is writing that must
Conference Session
Engineering Ethics IV
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
George Catalano, State University of New York-Binghamton; Caroline Baillie, Queen's University; Donna Riley, Smith College; Dean Nieusma, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
that it can be compared across countries and be easily interpreted. The Ginicoefficient demonstrates how income has changed for poor and rich. If the Ginicoefficient is rising as well as GDP, poverty may not be improving for the majority of thepopulation.Module 2: Design of Energy Systems in Rural AreasThis module entails a three-week introductory engineering design project on rural energysystems for developing countries. It serves as an introduction to context-responsiveengineering design and is suitable for general engineering courses and introductorydesign courses. With appropriate modifications, it could be made appropriate toengineering analysis courses or to upper-level courses in a variety of engineeringdisciplines. The module
Conference Session
Diversity and K-12 Issues
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Mohamad Mustafa, Savannah State University; Hope Cranford, Savannah State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
recruitment and retention asvital issues for higher education. Survey research indicates an increasing percentage of minoritystudents at elementary and secondary school levels. The National Action Council for Minoritiesin Engineering 3 presented the following data related to minority participation on academicinstitutions.Higher education’s group of students is increasingly made up of minority youth. AfricanAmericans, Latinos and American Indians constitute 30 percent of the nation’s undergraduatestudents today, a proportion that is projected to grow to 32 percent in 2010 and 38 percent by2025. Corrective actions must be taken to recruit and retain minority students. Several collegesand universities across the nation have implemented minority
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary and Capstone Experiences in Manufacturing Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Todd Myers, Ohio University; Peter Klein, Ohio University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
AC 2008-100: MANUFACTURING CENTRIC UNDERGRADUATE CAPSTONEEXPERIENCETodd Myers, Ohio University Todd D. Myers Ph.D, M.B.A. is a researcher in Center for Automatic Identification and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Technology at Ohio University. Dr. Myers has ten years of manufacturing experience in the supply side of the automotive industry. His responsibilities have included multi-plant materials management, ERP implementation, project management, and engineering management. His funded research has included RFID OEM capability studies, Barcode robustness studies, and Manufacturing Operations Studies. Dr. Myers is a certified GlobeRanger trainer and three-time recipient of the
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Design in the Classroom
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tongele Tongele, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
references made to standards and codes during thesetours?” General Knowledge Freshmen Tours Passive Learning Freshmen Seminars Student Field-specific Courses Field-Specific Knowledge Active Learning Senior Projects Figure 2 A Process of Exposing Students to Codes and Standards Let’s leave these questions right there for now, and remark that beyond the freshmentours, there exist freshmen seminars conducted by engineering departments to introduce