Conference Session

WORKSHOP IV: Play as Prep Workshop: Time & Resource-Efficient Strategies for Developing Effective Undergraduate TAs of First Year Students

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Christine Alexander, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

worked as a Teaching Artist in schools, museums, and theaters. Her training includes 7 years of applied improvisation for educational contexts (Smithsonian Associates), and three years of Gestalt Theatre training for educators (Gestalt Theatre Association), along with coursework in Design Thinking. FYEE 2025 Conference: University of Maryland - College Park, Maryland Jul 27 WORKSHOP: Play as Prep: Time & Resource-Efficient Strategies for Developing Effective Undergraduate TAs of First Year StudentsIntroduction Pedagogical training for TAs improves their teaching efficacy, and effective TAspositively impact students’ engagement [1] and sense of support in class [2]. But running aparallel pedagogical

Conference Session

WIP I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Laura Albrant, Michigan Technological University; Leo C. Ureel II, Michigan Technological University; Lynn A. Albers, Hofstra University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

with the GK-12 Outreach Program at NCSU where she began Energy Clubs, an out-of-school-time program for third, fourth and fifth graders to introduce them to renewable energy. FYEE 2025 Conference: University of Maryland - College Park, Maryland Jul 27WIP: Both sides now, examining the faculty side of a student code critiquer from a human factors perspectiveIntroduction & BackgroundThe code critiquer application, called WebTA, provides “rich, immediate feedback” [1] to studentson their submitted code in order to aid them in following best practices while programming. Theapplication depends on a database of two overarching types of patterns: antipatterns and good pat-terns. Antipatterns, in this

Conference Session

WIP II

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Lesly Samantha Murillo, University of Maryland College Park; Tabatha Cuadra Rodriguez, University of Maryland College Park; Paige E Smith, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity, FYEE 2025

residential communities grounded in inclusivecurriculum, peer support, and professional development can foster a strong sense of belongingand academic engagement, factors that contribute to student success and apply to all participantsin similarly designed programs (Amelink et al., 2017; Samuelson et al., 2014).​Program DesignThe LLPs offer an integrated curricular and co-curricular approach to achieve the programmaticprimary goals shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. The primary goals of the LLPsCurriculum: LLP students are required to complete four one-credit seminars during their twoyears in the program - one per semester. The focus of the first semester seminar is engineeringidentity development and support, with an emphasis

Conference Session

WIP II

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

David Kriesberg, University of Maryland College Park; Evan Hutzell, University of Maryland College Park; Richard Blanton, University of Maryland College Park

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FYEE 2025

Engineering SuccessIntroduction For first-year students, the transition into campus life can be overwhelming and researchhas shown that early access to creative, technical, and social communities tips the odds in favorof positive student outcomes. Our review of the literature found that a strong sense of belongingis predictive of both persistence and academic success, especially in engineering disciplineswhere imposter syndrome and identity gaps are common [1] [2]. Beneficially, campus identifiedinterdisciplinary engagement and experiential learning as strategic goals, MSI is able to perfectlyfill this need. This Work-in-Progress paper introduces the University of Maryland’s MakerspaceInitiative (MSI), a campus-wide collaborative effort to

Conference Session

WIP II

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Olukemi O. Akintewe, University of South Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity, FYEE 2025

An Effective Mentorship Structure for Student Success inHigher EducationIntroductionMentoring practices play an essential role in students’ academic success and retention, especiallyfor women [1-5]. A positive and significant relationship was determined between mentees’academic self-efficacy and academic performance, as well as their self-regulated learning [6-8].Concurrently, a sense of connectedness or belonging to a campus community is also a criticalfactor in academic achievement and retention [9, 10]. The mentor’s self-efficacy cansignificantly impact the success of the mentoring relationship and the mentee's self-perception.Alternatively, ineffective mentoring can occur due to a lack of training, culturally responsivepractices

Conference Session

WIP I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Rui Li, New York University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

WIP: First-year Student Support System: A Multi-agentic AI ApproachIntroductionThis works-in-progress paper presents an innovative AI-powered educational support systemdesigned to address diverse student needs through a hierarchical expert framework. First-yearengineering students frequently face considerable hurdles as they go from high school touniversity [1-3]. These problems can be academic, emotional, social, or psychological.Implementing a support system that is targeted to their specific requirements is critical forimproving their overall well-being and academic performance [4-7].The system employs a sophisticated two-tier semantic routing architecture that efficiently

Conference Session

WIP II

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Ronnie L Brown, University of the District of Columbia Community College

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

research usually highlights the transformative prospect of pedagogical methods thatlook beyond traditional lectures and towards more active and collective models. Studies byFreeman et al. [1] have shown that collaborative and student-centered pedagogies lead to vastenhancements in student achievement and retention. Theoretical viewpoints, such as Wenger’s[2] concept of communities of practice, suggest that students evolve a stronger professionalidentity when they actively collaborate with peers in significant, discipline-specific tasks.Similarly, Vygotsky’s [3] social constructivist theory emphasizes that learning is highly effectivewhen it happens within a community that employs collaboration. Furthermore, research onengineering identity

Conference Session

WIP I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Atheer Almasri, West Virginia University; Todd R Hamrick, West Virginia University; Robin A.M. Hensel, West Virginia University; Akua B. Oppong-Anane, West Virginia University; Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University; Carter Hulcher, West Virginia University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

WIP: Measuring Student Engagement in Simulated Excel Instruction — Methodological Limitations and Future DirectionsIntroductionProficiency in Microsoft Excel is a foundational skill in engineering education as it enablesstudents to process large amounts of data, perform calculations, and engage in problem solvingacross diverse technical problems. Many first-year engineering programs include spreadsheetinstruction in the programs to boost students’ computational and analytical thinking skills [1],[2]. However, instructional scalability remains a challenge, particularly when attempting todeliver uniform instruction to a large and diverse population of students. This study contributesto addressing this challenge by

Conference Session

WIP I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Todd R Hamrick, West Virginia University; Robin A.M. Hensel, West Virginia University; Atheer Almasri, West Virginia University; Carter Hulcher, West Virginia University; Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University; Susie Huggins, West Virginia University; Akua B. Oppong-Anane, West Virginia University; WenJuan Mo, West Virginia University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

States.Despite this growth, most teaching faculty primarily focus on instruction and service to theirhome institutions. Although many teaching faculty recognize the importance of educationalresearch, only a limited number actively engage in it. This research, including engineeringeducation research, is a rigorous and interdisciplinary field that draws on methods fromeducation and the social sciences to explore and address a wide range of issues relevant toteaching and learning [1-3]. Although the reasons that relatively few faculty engage ineducational research are not fully understood, it is widely recognized that advancing educationalreform through this type of research requires several key supports: meaningful training forinterested faculty

Conference Session

WIP I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Evelyn Walters, Temple University; Laura Riggio, Temple University; Cory Budischak, Temple University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

learning, alternative grading, and design thinking, he also co-founded the STEPS program (funded through NSF S-STEM) to support low-income, high-achieving engineering students. Budischak holds a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering and enjoys outdoor activities with his family. FYEE 2025 Conference: University of Maryland - College Park, Maryland Jul 27Work In Progress: Enhancing Student Collaboration Through Growth-Based Assessment PracticesIntroductionBackgroundIn a broad literature review, Geisinger and Raman summarized many factors related to studentattrition from engineering majors [1]. The authors noted that competitive grading environmentscommonly found in STEM disciplines have been linked with

Conference Session

WIP I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Roshina Babu, The University of Utah

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

Work in Progress: Enhancing Teaching and Learning in a First-Year Course Through the Dual Lens of Student Reflection and FeedbackBackground and MotivationFirst-year engineering students experience significant academic and non-academic challengeswhen transitioning from high school to university [1]. While various institutional support systems[2] have proven to improve academic performance and retention [3], course-specific interventionstrategies are needed to address the unique challenges of each student cohort [4]. Learners’perspectives on the course, obtained through end-of-semester course feedback can highlight areasfor improvement [5]. Interventions that proactively address course feedback have shown toenhance student

Conference Session

WORKSHOP I: Designing Active Learning Activities with Ethics in Mind, and Body (no matter if this is a fundamental principles class or an ethics-as-a-stand alone class, or any class in-between)

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Nicole Farkas Mogul, University of Maryland, College Park; David Tomblin, University of Maryland, College Park; Timothy Duane Reedy, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

about integrating ethics andengineering inside of technical engineering courses, or engineering education doctoral students.This high-energy workshop will be similar: after a brief orientation to a framework/method thatwe have developed at the Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland CollegePark (STS Postures) [1] [2], smaller groups will leave the classroom to conduct an abridgedversion of activities we have run in an engineering ethics course. Once back in together, we willdebrief to highlight how the STS Postures framework showed up in those activities. Finally,participants will use the framework to design activities for their programs based on their ownlearning outcomes.Our work has emerged from over a decade working with

Conference Session

WORKSHOP I: First-Year Engineering Forums: Planning & Organizing Idea-Sharing Sessions with Program Stakeholders to Increase Collaboration and Mutually Beneficial Relationships

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Cassie Wallwey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Juan David Ortega Álvarez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Benjamin Daniel Chambers, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; David Gray, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Daniel Newcomb, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

experience. The forum wasstrategically designed to meet 4 goals: (1) identify preconceived notions other engineering facultyand administrators had about the FYE program, (2) illustrate the complexity of the FYE program andour many stakeholders, (3) provide a space for us to share what we do and prioritize in the FYEprogram, and (4) give our stakeholders a platform to bring forward their thoughts and ideas incollaboration with other stakeholders rather than in competition with them and to initiate acollaborative working environment. We hoped for this “First-Year Forum” to serve as the first steptowards regular communication between stakeholders.Ultimately, we found this forum to be incredibly successful in (1) helping those who work withsecond

Conference Session

WORKSHOP III: From Ideas to Action: Integrating Entrepreneurial Mindset in FYE Programs

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Kaitlin Mallouk, Rowan University; J. Blake Hylton, Ohio Northern University; Jack Bringardner, Colorado School of Mines; Krista M Kecskemety, The Ohio State University; Cassie Wallwey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Andrew Charles Bartolini, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

-driven activities. However, identifying‬‭appropriate intervention points and enacting lasting curricular change can be challenging. This‬‭interactive session guides participants from insight to implementation by combining two key‬‭areas: (1) identifying where the entrepreneurial mindset (EM) can be embedded in existing FYE‬‭courses, and (2) developing a strategic plan to support adoption and stakeholder buy-in.‬‭Drawing on outcomes from the EMIFY project and the‬‭Change Maker’s Toolkit‬‭1‬‭, this workshop‬‭walks participants through identifying EM opportunities using a community-developed‬‭framework (Figure 1) and design heuristic, then transitions to change planning activities that‬‭build stakeholder support and implementation readiness

Conference Session

WORKSHOP I: Integrating Service Learning into First-Year Engineering Courses: A Hands-On Workshop

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Kathryn Schulte Grahame, Northeastern University; Brian Patrick O'Connell, Northeastern University; Anne Shea, Northeastern University; Kennedy Gallagher, Northeastern University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

will provide actionablestrategies grounded in educational research and real-world implementation.Background and ContextWhy Service Learning?Service-learning is a dynamic teaching tool that empowers faculty to seamlessly integrateacademic course content with meaningful community-based experiences. This pedagogicalapproach purposefully engages students in active learning situations that foster deeperunderstanding of subject matter while simultaneously developing competencies tied to criticalconsciousness and social impact [1]. The classroom and community components work in tandem,creating a symbiotic relationship where theoretical knowledge enhances practical application andreal-world experiences enrich academic discussions. Through this process

Conference Session

WORKSHOP II: Wired for Connection, Not Perfection: Embracing Imperfection in the Engineering Space

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Audrey Gilfillan, Applied Wellness Initiatives; Alison West, Applied Wellness Initiatives

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

Conference Session

GIFTS I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Lynn A. Albers, Hofstra University

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

GIFTS: S.W.O.T. Analysis: Who AM I?This Great Ideas for Teaching and Talking with Students (GIFTS) paper shares the implementationof an adapted S.W.O.T. Analysis that prepares students for the “Who AM I?” writing assignment ina first-year course, ENGG 010 - Computer Programming for Engineers. It is one of two academicidentity activities that have been incorporated into the newly designed, activity centric course [1, 2,3]. The in-class activity takes between 15-30 minutes depending on the number of students, theirwillingness to participate, and the length of discussion. It can be incorporated into the curriculumat any time. The author includes the activity around week five of a 16-week semester.S.W.O.T

Conference Session

GIFTS I

Collection

FYEE 2025 Conference

Authors

Laura Ann Gelles, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Laura Knight, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Darren K Maczka, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Tagged Topics

FYEE 2025

curriculum includes content on physics (e.g., kinematics,forces), modeling with Excel, and student success topics (e.g., communication and goals, campusresources, career and major exploration, etc.) to equip students for the first year. This course wasfirst piloted in 2021-2022 and further information about this course is provided in [1], [2].Student Success Content: Time Management and Stress ManagementWhile students may not recognize or acknowledge that their time management skills are lacking,they can better recognize when they are stressed out. Time Management, which was previouslytaught on its own, was reframed as a way to manage student stress. We created several learningpages on our LMS about how stress impacts students and examples of

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Mazen I. Hussein, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

and develop actionable solutions. Although this studycenters on freshmen, the findings suggest broader applicability, underscoring the potential ofLean and engineering practices to support students in building resilience and problem-solvingskills across various academic disciplines. Integrating these methods in academia not onlyempowers students but also fosters a culture of continuous improvement within educationalsettings, bridging the gap between industry practices and academic success.Literature ReviewLean tools like value stream mapping and the A3 process aid continuous improvement ineducation by visually structuring communication and problem-solving approaches [1]. Adaptingthese practices from manufacturing is challenging, but Lean’s

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Kenneth Stafford Sands II, Auburn University; Andrew Hughes, Auburn University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

-up is a “full-sized structural model built to scale chiefly for study, testing, or display”[1]. They can come in various forms, and the definition does not express the complexity andutility of different construction mockups, which can be varied based on role and purpose.Mockups in construction serve three primary purposes: the first is an aesthetic review, the secondis a constructability review, and the third is for assembly review and testing [2]. As a componentof this, a mockup in construction broadly serves as a means of communication.Understanding the composition of a wall can be challenging in construction with the advent ofnovel systems and components that come together in various ways. A wall mockup on aconstruction site can ensure

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida; Rajarajan Subramanian, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Sofia M Vidalis, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Ashish Sunny Abraham

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

primary function is to evaluate how well it can do standard project management tasks,including resource leveling, Gantt charts, critical path analysis, and baseline development. Thesecomponents are essential in construction because project budgets and schedules are frequently limited.The steps in the example follow in building a network model: 1. Defining construction activities; 2.Ordering those activities used in the Project; 3. Establishing the relationships between activities to createa network diagram; 4. Identifying the activities' quantity and assigning duration; 5. Costs and resourcesto assign to each activity; 5. Calculate each activity's early Start, early finish, late Start, and late finish;6. Computation of float values to identify

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Saeed Rokooei, Mississippi State University; George D Ford P.E., Mississippi State University; Read Allen Robertson, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

arepresent in colleges today. These topics include gender gaps in current major fields of study,reasons why female or male students choose their majors, reasons why they do not incline tosome majors, and employability between males and females. From the beginning of highereducation in the United States, there was a significant difference in enrollment between men andwomen. This difference was due to many things like societal norms and the belief that collegewas not for women. In the last fifty years, a difference in this trend has been seen. In the early1980’s, women started to surpass men for college enrollment number. Currently, data shows thatwomen make up around 57% college students in the United States [1]. While this number isencouraging for

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida; Vani Ruchika Pabba, University of Florida; Rajarajan Subramanian, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Sofia M Vidalis, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

practices.Keywords: AI-Driven Academic Evaluation, Artificial Intelligence in Education, GradingBias, Theoretical Knowledge Assessment, ChatGPT, Automated Grading.1. IntroductionAdopting artificial intelligence (AI) in education is revolutionizing traditional teaching andlearning processes, with applications ranging from personalized learning platforms toautomated grading systems. AI-assisted grading has garnered significant attention for itspotential to streamline assessment processes, particularly for large-scale courses wheremanual grading is resource-intensive. Automated systems have been successfullyimplemented for objective tasks like multiple-choice quizzes, but their applicability to morecomplex assessments, such as theoretical understanding and

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Razvan Cristian Voicu, Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA; Muhammad Hassan Tanveer, Kennesaw State University; Ayse Tekes, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

transference learning, detailing its components and illustratingits integration of adaptive feedback with real-world experiences. Next, we discuss the outcomes ofa pilot study evaluating the model’s effectiveness, focusing on metrics such as latency, accuracy,and learner engagement. Finally, we summarize the findings and propose directions for futureresearch, emphasizing scalability, expanded modalities, and ethical considerations in AI-driveneducational solutions.Literature ReviewArtificial intelligence has been increasingly applied in educational settings to develop IntelligentTutoring Systems (ITS) and Adaptive Learning Systems (ALS). Early work by [1] and [2] demon-strated that personalized instruction could improve user achievement by tailoring

Conference Session

Student Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Spencer Matthew Pollard, California State University, Chico; Abbas Attarwala, California State University, Chico; Jaime Raigoza, California State University, Chico

Tagged Topics

Student Papers

,introducing them to foundational topics in calculus, physics, and programming. Within thephysics portion of the program, students explored quantum mechanics and worked specifically onunderstanding the BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. This manuscript focuses onour experience teaching the BB84 QKD protocol, describing what worked well, the challenges wefaced, and the lessons we learned. We share successes, obstacles, and strategies for futureiterations to improve educational outcomes related to this critical aspect of quantumscience.IntroductionThe demand for scientists and engineers equipped with quantum knowledge is rising as QISEbecomes increasingly critical to advancing technology and securing information systems [1].Experts, including

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Oguzhan Oruc, The Citadel; Eva Singleton, The Citadel Military College ; Andrew B. Williams, The Citadel; Kevin Skenes, The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

sampling.Due to its interdisciplinary nature, high interest from commercial, scientific, and militaryinvestors, and expanding application areas, UAV research, development, and manufacturingattract scientists and engineers from almost all disciplines. Furthermore, as artificial intelligence(AI) revolutionizes various engineering areas such as aviation [1], robotics and automation [2],[3]and healthcare [4],[5] UAV research will also be revolutionized and will attract even more futureengineers.Considering that preparing future engineers for the jobs of tomorrow is one of the most importantresponsibilities of engineering educators [6],[7] including UAV modeling simulation and controldesign study in mechanical engineering curricula is important.In this

Conference Session

Student Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Hammad Afzal Quddus, Mercer University; Landon James Yarbrough, Mercer University; Megan Elizabeth Batchelor, Mercer University; Chandan Roy, Mercer University

Tagged Topics

Student Papers

0.024 W·m−1·K−1 [1], andthus prevents an efficient heat transfer from the processor to the heat sink. Imperfect surfacecontact between the processor and the heat sink is a major limiting factor for creating newelectronics. Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) are thermally conductive materials used toimprove surface contact with a thermally conductive material, displacing the air and increasinginterfacial heat transfer between the heat sink and processor and this prevents overheating of thesystem.The objective was to produce repeatable and reliable results using a setup, which costssignificantly less than commercial testers. This would make TIM testing more accessible to highschool laboratories and developing nations. The goal of this project was

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

James Righter, The Citadel; Nathan John Washuta P.E., The Citadel; Deirdre D Ragan, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

review panel. The resulting matrices are analyzed by faculty to assess theintervention’s impact on requirements development in terms of quantity and type.This intervention may also serve to provide a list of technical requirements at a more consistentlevel of abstraction to enable the effective implementation of the following phases of QualityFunction Deployment considering correlations between technical requirements and productcharacteristics, and characteristics and manufacturing processes.KeywordsRequirements, Requirements Management, Quality Function Deployment, House of Quality,Collaborative DesignMotivationRequirements are a foundational component of the design process and generation begins in thefirst stages of design [1], [2

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel; William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel; Tess Doeffinger, The Citadel; Anthony Songer, Boise State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

through pre-class interaction with course materials whileuncovering hidden thought processes to guide the design of skill-focused in-class activities.Implementation of pre-class pedagogical approaches such as pre-class quizzes and exercises,flipped classrooms, and just-in-time teaching (JiTT) demonstrate positive impacts on studentperformance, student engagement, conceptual understanding, and long-term retention [1]-[4].Grounded in cognitive load and constructivist learning theories, these approaches break downcomplex topics into smaller, manageable ‘chunks’ while providing a contextualized foundationfor learning [5]-[6]. Reduced cognitive load minimizes stress on students and generates apositive environment for student participation on topics

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Sultan Al Shafian, Kennesaw State University; Da Hu, Kennesaw State University; Jayhyun Kwon P.E., Kennesaw State University; Adam Kaplan, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

structural engineering. Rebar iscrucial in reinforced concrete structures, providing the necessary tensile strength to counteractconcrete’s inherent weakness in tension [1]. Mastery of rebar layouts is essential not only fordesigning safe and efficient structures but also for ensuring compliance with industry standardsand regulatory codes. Traditional educational approaches heavily rely on two-dimensional (2D)drawings and schematics to depict rebar arrangements. While these representations arestandardized within the industry, they often present significant challenges for learners in terms ofspatial visualization [2]. The limitations of 2D imagery can impede students’ ability to fullygrasp three-dimensional (3D) spatial relationships, potentially