Conference Session

Connecting Theory and Practice in a Change Project - And What I Wish I Knew Before I Started

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jill K. Nelson, George Mason University; Margret Hjalmarson, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Constituent Committee

teaching in future courses. Rogers’ DOI was chosenbecause it provides a way of analyzing the stages through which individuals progress whendeciding whether or not to adopt an innovation, making it well suited to studying instructors’decisions about the adoption of evidence-based interactive strategies. The framework helpscapture more nuance in the decision to adopt an innovation and the progress toward change inteaching.SIMPLE Teaching Development GroupsThis NSF-funded project implemented and studied a network of ongoing STEM faculty teachingdevelopment groups within a single university. The discipline-based groups were created in sixdepartments: mathematics, global and community health, computer science, biology,physics/astronomy, and civil

Conference Session

Connecting Theory and Practice in a Change Project - And What I Wish I Knew Before I Started

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Ray Morelock, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Constituent Committee

Introduction Even early in the lifecycle of an academic change project, change agents may find that theirrelationship to change theory is far more complex than simply selecting a theory and translating itdirectly into practice. Change agents not only need to select change theories that align with their vision,but also to adapt the theory into a pragmatic framework to fit their social context and meet the myriadneeds of administration, faculty, students, and other academic stakeholders. Further complicating useof theory in academic change projects is the substantial number of theoretical frameworks availablethat can be applied to academic change. These include frameworks that typologize different process-oriented approaches to change (e.g

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Design Teams

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Matthew Michaelis, Eastern Washington University; Heechang (alex) Bae, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Washington University Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Engineering Technology Program Department of Engineering & Design c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Optimizing Capstone Team FormationAbstractFor senior capstone teams, team composition is one of the primary factors in student satisfactionand project success. Previous team formation were done manually after students submitted theirtop five choices from the available projects and were time consuming and ineffective. Toimprove team composition and reduce formation time, mixed-integer linear programming isutilized to optimize the team formation process. The presented approach allows control of

Conference Session

ECE Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachana Ashok Gupta, North Carolina State University; Greg A. Dunko

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #26080Board 59: Work in Progress: Industry-based Team Program Reviews forCapstone Design teamsDr. Rachana Ashok Gupta, North Carolina State University Dr. Rachana A Gupta is currently a Teaching Associate professor and Associate Director of ECE Se- nior Design Program. She teaches and mentors several senior design students on industry-sponsored projects (On average 12 / semester) to successful completion of an end product. These projects include all aspects of System Engineering: concept design, product design and design trade-offs, prototyping and testing (circuit design, PCB, mechanical fabrication, algorithm

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Stefanek, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Java. In 2017, the technology used in the course was switched to Xamarin / C# usingthe Microsoft Visual Studio IDE. This mobile app development course enabled senior Capstoneprojects to include the development of mobile apps. Mobile app development projects began tobe requested by participating organizations and other university research projects starting in2016. The projects described in this paper span from 2016 through 2018 and show the widerange of applications where mobile app solutions were requested requiring both Android and iOSdevelopment. The description of the following projects include the technologies used, a briefdesign description, the approach the student teams used to solve the problem, the process forinteracting with the

Conference Session

ConstDiv Technical Session 3 - Social & Leadership

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suat Gunhan, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering

necessity of collaboration in projectsdue to sustainability requirements have changed the project delivery dynamics. The popularity ofdesign-build (DB) and its variations is increased since they facilitate a project processenvironment accommodating trust-based collaborative environment. Similar to domesticmarkets, there are many changing dynamics that affect the international construction arena. U.S.construction companies have a successful track record in international markets, and they led theinternational scene for many years due to their expertise in complex technical projects and theirefficient project management skills. However, their revenue share in international construction isin decline since the early 2000s for various reasons. The paper

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priyadarshan A. Manohar, Robert Morris University; Fahad Saad Almutairi, King Fahd Security College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

College, SA Project Manager Master of Engi- neering Management, USA Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering, SA c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019Work In Progress: A Thesis Based Option for Enhancing Pedagogy in Engineering Economyat the Graduate LevelAbstractEngineering students typically learn the basics of engineering economics through an introductoryEngineering Economics course. Such courses do cover the basic financial modeling and analysistechniques, however they don’t provide an understanding of the complexity of economic analysisof real life situations. In particular, the financial analysis of public sector projects necessitatesfinancial modeling based on incomplete data and multiple selection

Conference Session

Best Practices in Out-of-School Time

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joni M. Lakin, Auburn University; Mary Lou Ewald, Auburn University; Virginia A. Davis, Auburn University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

development opportunities related to project-based learning in middle and high school classrooms. Her academic training includes a B.S. in Physics and an M.S. in Biology, both from Auburn University.Prof. Virginia A. Davis, Auburn University Dr.Virginia A. Davis’ research is primarily focused on using fluid phase processing to assemble cylindrical nanomaterials into larger functional materials. Targeted applications include optical coatings, 3D printed structures, light-weight composites, and antimicrobial surfaces. Her national awards include selection for the Fulbright Specialist Roster (2015), the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Nanoscale Science and Engineering Forum’s Young Investigator Award (2012), the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karinna M. Vernaza, Gannon University; Saeed Tiari, Gannon University; Scott Steinbrink, Gannon University; Lin Zhao, Gannon University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

motivationAbstractIn 2008, Gannon University was awarded a National Science Foundation S-STEM grant, knownas SEECS (Scholars of Excellence in Engineering and Computer Science) which providedscholarship funding for academically talented students having financial need. Since then, thegrant has been funded twice more; the current award period started in 2017 and will run until2021. As a requirement for the SEECS program, all students must participate in a community-based design project, undertaken for a non-profit entity in the local region. This project isnominally a two-year effort, though some projects have taken longer to complete. Recently, aproject has experienced several significant setbacks: 1) the original project sponsor decommittedat the end of the

Conference Session

ConstDiv Technical Session 1 - Capstone & Case Study

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William P. Manion, University of Maine; Philip A. Dunn Jr. P.E., University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering

-ended qualitative questions. The survey results are presented, with some examples,qualitative responses, and discussion from the authors. By presenting and publishing this paper,the authors hope to learn from similar programs in practice, share our experiences, and perhapsinspire others to try such ventures.Literature reviewMany construction educators understand that learning through service can be very effective,providing students with opportunities to practice professional and independent learning skills inthe context of “real world” problems which they all seem to enjoy. According to Scott Stanfordet al. [1], service learning is one of the four emerging trends in engineering capstone courses,along with technology, multidisciplinary projects

Conference Session

Innovation and Fun in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Mueller PE P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Michelle K. Marincel Payne, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Toaddress this, we developed a framework that helps students (1) understand the relevance ofcontent in lower-level civil engineering courses to real-life applications, (2) make connectionsthrough course content across civil engineering sub-disciplines, as well as non-engineeringcourses, and (3) understand impacts and create value in the broader, holistic perspective of theirprojects.Additionally, we created a common project platform upon which to build and further developproject objectives in selected required technical design courses. This will facilitate the synthesisof all sub-discipline components to fit together as part of the overall system. The framework wasintroduced in the freshman introduction to design course with the intent for it to be

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Design I

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Paul Harvie, United States Military Academy; Tanya Thais Estes, United States Military Academy; Lisa Shay, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Know Your Role! Designing Faculty and External Stakeholder Roles in a Multidisciplinary Capstone CourseAbstractThis paper describes our development of novel faculty roles and our method for the planning andexecution of projects in our year-long, multidisciplinary capstone experience. Well-defined rolespermit management of increasingly complex multidisciplinary and multidepartment projects,prevent duplication of effort, and help ensure an enriching and rewarding student experience.These roles have enabled us to offer an unprecedented variety and scope of projects with anaverage of

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Design II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris A. O'Riordan-Adjah, Principia College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

for Engineering Education, 2019 Implementing Research Steps in Undergraduate ResearchAbstractThis paper describes an eight-week undergraduate research project conducted at PrincipiaCollege in Elsah, Illinois during the summer of 2018. The undertaking was distinctive in that itwas an engineering research project conducted at a liberal-arts college by undergraduate studentsenrolled in the college’s engineering program. A multidisciplinary research team was assembled,comprised of undergraduate engineering students serving as research assistants; a facultyinstructor serving as project director and advisor to the students; and a Principia alumnus servingas an image processing and artificial intelligence (AI) consultant and advisor. The

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Higbee, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Sharon Miller, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

biomedical engineering programs integrate challenging, hands-onengineering design projects that require student teams to develop and deliver functionalprototypes in response to biomedical design problems. The inclusion of such projects throughoutBiomedical Engineering (BME) curricula not only brings active learning to the classroom buthelps students improve as team members, decision makers, and problem solvers. This workhighlights how sophomore and junior level engineering design projects can increase students’fundamental engineering design knowledge and self-reported confidence in approaching designprojects. By steadily increasing the complexity of engineering design experiences throughout theBME undergraduate curriculum, our continued work studies

Conference Session

M2C: Learning by Design 2

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Scott Duplicate Streiner, Rowan University; Duncan Davis, Northeastern University; Richard Tyler Cimino, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Kaitlin Mallouk, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

year classes. Mostly recently, he has implemented a series of escape room projects to teach engineering to first year students through the process of designing, prototyping, and building these play experiences.Dr. Richard Tyler Cimino, New Jersey Institute of Technology Dr. Richard T. Cimino is a Senior Lecturer in the Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering at New Jersey Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D in Chemical & Biochemical Engineering from the Rutgers University, with a focus in adsorption science and the characterization of porous materials. His research interests include engineering ethics and process safety, and broadening inclusivity in engineering, especially among

Conference Session

Community Engagement in Diverse Contexts

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brandon S. Field, University of Southern Indiana; Adam Giles Tennant; David J. Ellert PE, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

license professional engineer registered in the state of Indiana. Prior to teaching, Dave worked 18 years as a consulting engineer designing HVAC systems for buildings. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Engaged Interdisciplinary Engineering Design in a Minka House for the AgingIntroductionA pilot demonstration Minka house has been built on campus in a collaborative project betweenthe Gerontology Department, the Engineering Department, and the MAGIC team. MAGIC is aninnovative gerontology care group external to the University which includes medicalprofessionals as well as aging experts; the acronym stands for “Multi-Ability, multi-Generational, Inclusive

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James A. Mynderse, Lawrence Technological University; Liping Liu, Lawrence Technological University; Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University; Hamid Vejdani, Lawrence Technological University; Wuming Jing, Lawrence Technological University; Kingman E. Yee, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Entrepreneurial Mindset within a Three- Semester Mechanical Engineering Capstone Design Sequence Based on the SAE Collegiate Design SeriesAbstractMechanical engineering seniors at Lawrence Technological University (LTU) complete acapstone design project: either an SAE collegiate design series (CDS) competition or anindustry-sponsored project (ISP). Starting in 2015, the LTU CDS advisors worked together toredesign the five-credit three-semester sequence. The overall goals of the modifications were toimprove student design, project management and communication skills; integrate SAE CDSprojects into the actual class time; and increase faculty advisor involvement in the classroom. Inparallel with senior design modifications

Conference Session

Perspectives on Service Learning: Challenges, Successes, and Opportunities

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Che, Mount Vernon Nazarene University; Steve Feazel, Vision Word

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

author's teaching career, occasionally a local inventor would have a need foreither prototyping an idea or developing a drawing/CAD model for an existing prototype. It isquite possible for the academic institution of higher learning to partner with the inventor to meetthe needs of both the inventor and the educator. The educator is always searching for projectideas that are real and practical to give to students to work on. Students in general are moremotivated to work on a real project than a fictitious one. This paper documents a case study inwhich a group of engineering undergraduate students seized the opportunity to work with a localinventor and entrepreneur. The instructor will share the lessons learned and some assessmentresults.In spring

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Elizabeth Shroyer, University of Washington; Timothy Sun, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

projects outside of a design coursestructure navigate design decisions in makerspaces? What support and resources do thesestudents seek and where do they find it?This study begins to explore these questions by looking at how one university makerspacesupports design. How do students navigate a fabrication project in the makerspace? How and towhat degree do they engage in design? How do students perceive their design processes anddecisions? Broadly this research looks at undergraduate student experiences of navigatinginterest-driven fabrication projects in a university makerspace. This work focuses on studentengagement with design and step-by-step tutorials.To look at how students navigate makerspace resources to complete project work outside of

Conference Session

ECE Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramakrishnan Sundaram, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

engineering project activities to engage the following STEMconstituents (a) students (b) educators (c) first-year engineering students in undergraduate degreeprograms. Laboratory and engineering project experiences can effectively introduce and reinforceSTEM-related concepts. The first two constituents form part of the K-12 STEM education process.The third constituent represents the graduates of the process. The constituents identified as studentsare introduced to aspects of engineering design, assembly, test, and validation through step-basedproject activities. The introduction takes place with the students either participating in projectactivities in the undergraduate engineering laboratory or with faculty from undergraduateengineering programs

Conference Session

PSW Section Meeting Papers - Disregard start and end time - for online paper access only

Collection

2019 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Matthew J Haslam, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott; Mary Angela Beck, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Pacific Southwest Section Meeting Paper Submissions

to a panelof industry experts. At these briefings, the team members and DTL publicly defend both theirtechnical work and their collaborative work as a team.The primary objective of this paper is to report the preliminary results of a study conducted inFall 2018 to determine whether senior students were prepared to work collaboratively in largeteams over extended periods of time, to identify any gaps in preparation, and to pinpoint thesources of such gaps. To this end, the study’s methodology included capstone team membersand collecting follow-up written surveys; team composition and team projects in all requiredAE and ME courses were also documented and patterns identified.The research revealed a clear gap between what was required from

Conference Session

Wireless Technology

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afsaneh Minaie, Utah Valley University; Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Utah Valley University; Kyle Joseph Wheelhouse, Utah Valley University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

temperature,light, and vibration.Educational excellence requires exposing students to the current edge of research. To ensure thatstudent projects are along the same trajectory that the industry is moving, educators mustcontinually introduce emerging techniques, practices, and applications into the curriculum. Thefield of wireless sensor networks is growing rapidly, and there is increasing interest in providingundergraduate students with a foundation in the area. It is crucial that the emerging field ofwireless sensor networks be integrated into the undergraduate computer science and engineeringcurricula. This paper presents the details of two WSN projects that our undergraduate computerengineering students have done in their senior capstone

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Tsenn, Texas A&M University; Heather S. Lewis, Texas A&M University; Astrid Layton, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #26738An Analysis of Factors Impacting Design Self-Efficacy of Senior Design Stu-dentsDr. Joanna Tsenn, Texas A&M University Joanna Tsenn is an Assistant Professor of Instruction in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University. She earned her B.S. from the University of Texas at Austin and her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. She coordinates the mechanical engineering senior capstone design projects and teaches senior design lectures and studios. Her research interests include engineering education and engineering design methodology.Mrs. Heather S. Lewis, Texas A

Conference Session

T2C: GIFTS - Session C

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Jacob Preston Moore, Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

ExperiencesAuthenticity [1] is a goal for many instructors when developing design experiences for first yearengineering students. Some of the perception of authenticity comes through the clients, eitherreal or imagined, with real clients having an understandable advantage in this perception. For thisreason, many institutions pull in industry partners looking to solve real world problems.However, for smaller classes of first year students, it can be difficult to draw in industry partners.In such cases, instructors may instead look to service learning opportunities [2], partnering withlocal community members as clients. In this paper, the author discusses one such partnership andtakes a five-year retrospective look at the projects and the process used from the

Conference Session

Engineers and Communities: Critical Reflections of Challenges, Opportunities, and Practices of Engaging Each Other

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Wei Lu, Texas A&M University; Mary E. Campbell, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

The University of Alabama. She has experi- ence working with many industries such as automotive, chemical distribution etc. on transportation and operations management projects. She works extensively with food banks and food pantries on supply chain management and logistics focused initiatives. Her graduate and undergraduate students are integral part of her service-learning based logistics classes. She teaches courses in strategic relationships among industrial distributors and distribution logistics. Her recent research focuses on engineering education and learning sciences with a focus on how to engage students better to prepare their minds for the future. Her other research interests include empirical studies

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering in the First-Year

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven P. Marra, Johns Hopkins University; Jenna Adele Frye, Maryland Institute College of Art; Edon Muhaxheri, Maryland Institute College of Art; Laure Drogoul, Maryland Institute College of Art

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs, Multidisciplinary Engineering

is an interdisciplinary artist, educator, and cobbler of situations who lives in Baltimore, Maryland. Laure works with a wide range of media including projects in which she creates sculpture, performance, and theatrical events that invite the viewer to be an active participant. She has exhibited widely, including The International House of Japan in Tokyo, Corcoran Gallery of Art,Washington Project for the Arts, The Walters Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, and The Center for Architecture in New York as well as many street corners, alleys, and underutilized urban spaces.She has received Maryland State Artist Awards and a Franklin Furnace Award for performance art and has been a recipient of a US/Japan Creative

Conference Session

Sustainability in Civil Engineering Education: Service Learning, Capstone Integration, Student Affect and Rating Systems

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norb Delatte P.E., Oklahoma State University; Tricia Heather Hatley, Freese and Nichols, Inc

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

within the Envision Rating System, present case studies, and to coachthem in how to apply it to their projects. This has led to multiple benefits. Because the materialis presented by an outside consulting firm, rather than faculty, it is possible that the studentsattach more credibility to it. The effort is also timed better, coming in the middle of the projectdevelopment stage, rather than toward the end.In response to call for papers: Applications of Sustainability Rating Systems in Civil EngineeringCurriculumIntroduction and BackgroundSustainability has been becoming increasingly important in civil engineering. Robinson andSutterer stated in 2003, “Sustainability must become a fundamental consideration in all civilengineering design and

Conference Session

Engaging Community through STEM partnerships

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica A. Kuczenski, Santa Clara University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

incorporated student learning and socialjustice through project-based learning.As part of this paper, we will discuss three different perspectives of participants involved withthis collaboration, specifically detailing participation goals, success definitions, and challengesfrom each point of view. Some specific student-produced design solutions will be given asexamples of this effort. Overall, this partnership ​has been successful, delivering student projectswhich have added educational dimensions to the school gardens and created a positive visualimpact to the spaces. Both students and community stakeholders are mutually benefiting fromthe relationship formed through engagement, clearly indicating how partnerships can support thecreation of projects

Conference Session

Work-In-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taryn Melkus Bayles, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Engineering Education, 2019 Twenty Year Evolution of an Outreach ProgramWork in Progress Almost twenty years ago, in an undergraduate-level Introduction to BiomedicalEngineering elective, a group project was created which allowed an opportunity for students todelve deeply into an area of interest that was not covered in the class material. A second objectivewas to provide a forum for the students to hone their presentation and group interaction skills. Theproject integrated a high school outreach presentation and required undergraduate students toparticipate in problem-based learning, demonstrations, and hands-on activities and challengedundergraduates to present highly technical material to an audience with little technical

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session I: WIP: Experiential Learning Potpourri

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Jones, North Dakota State University; Jeremy Straub, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

paper considers the value of robotics competitions from the perspective of theirexperiential education value. Each year, thousands of students across the United States andaround the world participate in a wide variety of robotics competitions. It is generallyrecognized that student participants find these experiences highly enjoyable and have theopportunity to gain and demonstrate skills in a variety of areas directly and peripherally relatedto the project. However, despite the prevalence of these activities, insufficient research has beenperformed to characterize their specific value and the sources that it comes from.This paper presents initial work on the characterization of the value of participation in roboticscompetition teams. Modified