Conference Session

Engineering Librarian Collaborations in the Library, On Campus, and Beyond

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Pauline Melgoza, Texas A&M University; Tina M. Budzise-Weaver, Texas A&M University; Sarel Lavy, Texas A&M University; Tiyamike Kunje

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

technology issues.Sometimes, another university library’s renovation has inspired renovations such as Duke,University of North Carolina, and North Carolina State libraries. Recently, the TAMU Librarieshave undertaken several renovation projects to address insufficient instruction and study spacesand improve and consolidate service areas in addition to other issues. The Sterling C. Evans(Evans) Library renovated the first, fourth, and sixth floors to improve student spaces andinstruction spaces that the students can use when not in use. These renovations includedimprovement of student study spaces, renovation of the coffee shop, creation of a prayer room,and a graduate study lounge. Other libraries on campus had similar renovations. The

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Youngmi Kim, University of Wisconsin, River Falls

Tagged Divisions

Biological and Agricultural Engineering

engineering problems, which are oftenopen-ended, complex, and ill-defined with many unknowns and variables. For example, studentsmay learn how to measure certain parameters or engineering properties related to a flow or heatexchanger system from these lab activities, but they do not necessarily understand how thosemeasurements are used in the design of flow or heat exchanger systems in food processing, whatother variables to consider, and how those variables are interrelated and can affect the design andoperation of such systems.The department curriculum includes a senior-level capstone design course for AE majors and amulti-semester project course for AET majors. In these senior-level project-based courses,students are tasked with applying their

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-Centered Design 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alexander Pagano, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Saadeddine Shehab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Leon Liebenberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

ofpractices such as observing what people do, interviewing people, brainstorming andcommunicating ideas, and building and testing prototypes [2]. Across all educational settings,researchers argue that engaging students in human-centered design experiences can help themaddress real world problems and develop human-centered, experimental, collaborative,metacognitive, communicative, and creative mindsets [3]–[5].Why Human-Centered Design in Engineering? While traditional engineering curricula emphasize technical and analytical problem-solving skills, in the last few decades attention has shifted toward engineering design skillsdeveloped through project based or experiential learning [6]–[12]. Broadly speaking, this shiftattempts to address the

Collection

2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren

industry. On a team is where oralcommunication is so important. Team projects are something we all have in our curriculums. AtBaylor, a survey showed most students approach team projects by dividing the tasks and then Proceedings of the 2020 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference University of New Mexico, Albuquerque Copyright © 2020, American Society for Engineering Education 8putting the project together just in time, involving little interaction. In the real world you must workwith other people, usually in person, to get something done. You never know who might be on theteam but, no matter who is on the team, at some

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Jung-Hoon Sul; Zhongxiao Peng; Nicole Kessissoglou

$25,000 (~ USD $17,000) were provided by the Office of the Pro ViceChancellor Education (PVCE) of UNSW. The digital uplift program ran over a six month period in 2016and was coordinated by two project managers of the Office of the PVCE. The personnel involved inthe digital uplift for the mechanics course comprised the two project managers, the three lecturersSUMMER 2020 VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2 5 ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION Implementation of Blended Learning for a Large Size ­Engineering

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 1 Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Donovan Colquitt, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

inengineering is consistent within a national context. Although engineering programs are theprimary intervention of interest, discussions of STEM programs were also included to allow forarticles that do not separate engineering from science, technology, and mathematics. Theprograms’ approaches to fostering interests in engineering careers and retaining studentparticipants in STEM were studied.Research QuestionAlthough this research project fits within a larger goal of understanding how to prepareunderrepresented minority students to be engineering professionals, the research question for thisproject is concerned with how high school intervention programs contribute to underrepresentedminority student success in STEM. The research question is:What does

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 2 Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Leroy L. Long III, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Sharnnia Artis, University of California, Irvine; Morris Council III, University of West Georgia

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

hero Dr. Robert “Bob”Moses created the successful Algebra Project to provide low-income and minoritized youth withaccess to college prep curriculum in STEM subjects like math (Wilgoren, 2001). He has a PhD inmath from Harvard University and experience teaching in New York K-12 schools (Wilgoren,2001). Dr. Moses believes “the demands of a high-tech age make math literacy as much an issuetoday as voting was in the Jim Crow South a half century ago” (PBS, 2002). A small number of programs across the nation matriculate significant numbers ofstudents from underrepresented and economically disadvantaged backgrounds into engineeringprograms. Some of the most successful programs are: Detroit Area Pre-College EngineeringProgram (DAPCEP), SECME

Conference Session

Efforts to Understand and Support Students' Socioemotional Factors

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matilde Luz Sanchez-Pena, University at Buffalo; Nichole Ramirez, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Xinrui (rose) Xu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Douglas B. Samuel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

conditions. This work explores the relationshipbetween stigma of mental illness and help-seeking attitudes of engineering students usingresponses from an online survey from 79 students at two institutions. Results show a negativecorrelation that suggest that higher general stigma levels are associated with lower help-seekingattitudes. In addition, the relationship between students’ engineering department diversityorientation and help-seeking attitudes differed between those who had experiences with MHCand those who did not, suggesting that the perceptions of diversity orientation might also differamong the two groups. This is part of an ongoing research project aiming to characterize thedynamics of engineering culture and wellbeing through multiple

Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

Frank T Fisher, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Alexander J De Rosa, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

number of different fields.Bioengineering: A large body of research on the incorporation of adaptive expertise inundergraduate curricula stems from the field of bioengineering. Much of this work derives fromresearchers connected to the the VaNTH Engineering Research Center for BioengineeringEducational Technologies, funded by NSF with the aim of “developing the educational resourcesto prepare for the future of bioengineering” (Linsenmeier 2002). The educational strategiespursued as part of this project were based on the “How People Learn” (HPL) framework(Bransford, 2000), which suggests that learning environments be: ● Student centered: use students’ current capabilities as a starting point for learning ● Knowledge centered: focus teaching

Conference Session

Race/Ethnicity Track - Technical Session IV

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Lesley M. Berhan, University of Toledo; Revathy Kumar; Aaron Lee Adams, Alabama A&M University; Marjory A. Goodloe; Jimmie Karl Jones, University of Toledo; Willie Lewis McKether, The University of Toledo

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Race/Ethnicity

, learning, and motivation. Her work is published in Journal of Teacher Education, Journal of Educational Psychology, Journal of Research on Adolescence, Contemporary Educational Psychology, and Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. She received a Spencer Foundation Grant in 2007 to examine academic prospects, interpersonal relationships, and social well-being of students in school districts with a high concentration of students of Arab and Chaldean origins. Recently, she received in- ternal grants from the University of Toledo to conduct mindfulness intervention projects with elementary school students and preservice teachers. She is also the recipient of the Fulbright Specialist Fellowship to pursue her

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks Session II - Curriculum II

Collection

2017 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Xiwei Liu, the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiaoyan Gong, 1.The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Automation Institution,Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2. Intelligent Education Institution,Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries.; Fei-Yue Wang, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; rui sun, Qingdao Experimental High School; Yanqing Gao, Oregon Institute of Technology; Yu Zhang, Qingdao Experimental High School; jiehan zhou, University of Oulu; Xiaofei Deng, Qingdao Experimental High School

Tagged Topics

Main Forum (Podium Presentation)

, project management, etc. In addition, Considering to strength theeducation of innovation, entrepreneurship, and especially problem solving capability for K-12students, iCDIOS is presented based on CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate)engineering education approach. The letter i in iSTREAM and iCDIOS means intelligentscience and technology, innovation spirit, inspiration, etc. In iSTREAM, Robotics, as anindependent element is added since we believe that Robotics will be an independent subjectwith coming era of human-machine collaboration; Mathematics is changed into managementto cultivate Chinese students' abilities related to management; In iCDIOS, S as service isadded to complete the whole engineering process.2.4 STIE FrameworkBased on

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks Session II - Curriculum II

Collection

2017 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Sigrid -- Berka, University of Rhode Island; Anett Geithner, University of Rhode Island; DAAD; Eric Kaldor, University of Rhode Island; Scott Streiner, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Main Forum (Podium Presentation)

) (large) (medium) (large) (medium) (medium) (large) (large) (large) 2, 22 2, 22 2, 22 20, 22 20, 22 20, 22 52, 22 52, 22 52, 22U.S. based research .91 .95 .32 - - - -project that examines a - - (large) (large) (small) 1, 22 1, 22 1, 22global issue

Conference Session

Faculty Development I: Attitudes Towards Teaching

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra A. Fowler, Texas A&M University; Maria L. Macik, Texas A&M University; James Kaihatu, Texas A&M University; Chelsea A. H. Bakenhus, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

-year doctoral student studying educational psychology at Texas A&M University. She currently works as a graduate assistant for curriculum redesign projects for the Center for Teaching Excellence. Her areas of interest include curriculum design and redesign, professional development of faculty, creativity in higher education, and the impact of curricular alignment on long-term student outcomes. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 ASEE 2016 Impact of curriculum transformation committee experience on faculty perspectives of their teaching and its influence on student learningI. IntroductionTexas A&M University’s civil

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John W. Blake P.E., Austin Peay State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

material. A first course in thermodynamics, for example, is expected to cover certainmaterial. On successful completion of the course students are expected to be able to demonstrateknowledge of this material by solving problems. As students move through the degree program,they are expected to demonstrate competence in labs and in project work.There are aspects of engineering and technology that are not well represented in this process. Inclasses that emphasize using specific tools to solve specific problems, evaluation is often basedon set-piece problems. Students will know going in that they will be evaluated on materialcovered or applied in the course and that they will be given sufficient information to apply thetools from the course to solve

Conference Session

College-Industry Partnerships Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Dylan John, Georgia Southern University; Yunfeng Chen, Georgia Southern University; Shahnam Navaee, Georgia Southern University; Weinan Gao, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

then used to rankthe most important indicators and factors from the industry practitioners’ perspective. Therankings and findings of this study are expected to provide valuable information foracademics, industry and college students in STEM related fields. The corresponding resultscan be used to help improve academic curricula, expand college and industry partnerships,and better cater to industry expectations by improving the output quality of college graduates inSTEM fields.IntroductionThere is a growing focus and emphasis on education surrounding STEM related technicalsubjects. STEM education in the traditional sense encompasses education focused on Science,Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. With the projected growth and expansion

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James P. Becker, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #21478Identifying At-Risk Students in a Basic Electric Circuits Course Using In-struments to Probe Students’ Conceptual UnderstandingProf. James P. Becker, Montana State University James Becker is an Associate Professor of electrical and computer engineering at Montana State Uni- versity. His professional interests include microwave circuits, radio frequency electronics, pedagogical research, cyberlearning, and distance education.Dr. Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University Carolyn Plumb is the recently retired Director of Educational Innovation and Strategic Projects in the College of Engineering at Montana State

Collection

2013 Public Policy Colloquium

Authors

Mike Molnar

 NNMI Characteristics  Next Steps Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office 2013 Engineering Deans Council Public Policy ColloquiumThe Missing Middle - Valley of Death Not about government spend in TRL 4-7 projects! Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office Credit: Jack Hu 2013 Engineering Deans Council Public Policy ColloquiumFocus on Scale Up – The Missing Middle Basic science Commercialization Largely government funded

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Brian P. Bernard; Rui Cao; Maureen Russo RodrÕguez

Faculty and student feedback of synchronous distance education in a multi-university learning consortium Brian P. Bernard, Rui Cao, Maureen Russo Rodríguez Schreiner University 2100 Memorial Blvd, CMB 6241, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA E-mail: bpbernard@schreiner.edu Abstract whereas a bachelors requires online courses from The Texas Learning Consortium (TLC) began as a departments across campus. High use of projects andpartnership between the foreign language departments at 5 laboratories also favor a campus presence. However

Conference Session

Track: Collegiate - Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

David Jones, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Sohrab Asgarpoor, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Jen Skidmore, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Lance C. Pérez, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Trish Wonch Hill; Michael Loehring; Emily Griffin Overocker, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Topics

Collegiate, Diversity

engineer to serve without the benefit of a team. The teams will be composed of people from all walks of life and serving many roles. Working and performing on a team is critical to providing solutions that will meet the high standards of engineering service. Self-Management: There is no doubt that the hardest person to manage is yourself. As an engineer, you will be called to manage and lead projects, teams, organization, etc. Therefore, an effective engineer must first learn to lead and manage themselves by reflecting on one’s behavior and experiences, managing one’s time, establishing personal goals

Conference Session

New Models for Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malgorzata Zywno, Ryerson University; Mary Frances Stewart

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Learning Styles Malgorzata S. Zywno and Mary F. Stewart Ryerson UniversityAbstractThis is last in a series of three papers reporting on the results of a research project looking intodifferences in interactions of engineering students with a learning object. The object in questionwas a set of interactive online tutorials in introductory Process Control. The research projectinvestigated the effectiveness of this learning tool and identified behavior patterns of engineeringstudents with different learning styles that may affect their learning. The first paper in the seriesdescribed a collaborative effort involved in developing the award-winning set of online tutorials.The second paper

Conference Session

Redefining the Boundaries of Engineering and Liberal Education: Contributions to the Year of Dialogue

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Grimson, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

particular group, community,or class of persons”6. This definition would be identified with, probably, by any engineer incharge of virtually any large project such as, for example, the building of a large hydro-schemein a hitherto untouched and rural valley or building a nuclear power station close to a largeconurbation. In these cases the various classes of persons involved most certainly have differentrealities and society has progressively provided more legislation for the articulation of thoserealities. Engineers have to and indeed do deal with these realities, sometimes much to theirfrustration and that of the sponsor.A few words about deconstructionism which has been controversial, to say the least, withinacademic communities. The underlying

Conference Session

Building Knowledge Based Economies: the Role of Industry-University-Government Partnerships

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria M. Larrondo Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Clement Sankat, University of the West Indies; Roberto Loran, Universidad del Turabo

Tagged Divisions

International

Level 4: management Predictable Managed process Quantitative Level 3: management Standard, Defined consistent process Engineering Level 2: management Disciplined Repeatable process Project Level 1: management Initial Figure 1: The Five Stages or Maturity Levels of the Capability Maturity Model9Except for Level 1, each maturity level has the internal structure shown in Figure 2. A maturitylevel indicates

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen White, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kay C Dee, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-1259: DEVELOPMENT OF KINESTHETIC-ACTIVE EXERCISES FOR ATRANSPORT PHENOMENA COURSEAllen White, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Allen White is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering; he co-developed and co-taught the kinesthetic active supplemental learning opportunities for this project. Allen’s educational research interests include engaging kinesthetic learners and project-based learning. Allen has 6 years of industrial experience at Honda of America Manufacturing and Honda R & D North America.Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Glen Livesay is an Associate Professor of Applied Biology and Biomedical Engineering; he co-developed and co-taught the

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to ME Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jakob Bruhl, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky; Elizabeth Bristow, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

about the resource is summarized, commonfaculty concerns are addressed, and ideas for the future of engineering education are proposed.BackgroundThe current generation of college students has literally “grown up” with computers andcommunication technology. Our students have been described as “digital natives” and the rest ofus are “digital immigrants”2; essentially, older people are still learning the language. “Computergames, email, the Internet, cell phones, and instant messaging are integral parts of their lives”and they “think and process information fundamentally differently.”3 In a presentation to theMetro New York Library Council, Lee Rainie, the Director of the Pew Internet and AmericanLife Project, showed how dramatically technology

Conference Session

Innovation & Assessment in the delivery of IT/IET

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Scachitti, Purdue University Calumet; Jamie Workman-Germann, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Matthew Stephens, Purdue University; Annaji Sharma Ammu, Purdue University Calumet; Richard Szromba, Purdue University Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 13.151.3manufacturers (6.5 percent), while it projected a whopping 34.4 percent job growth innon-manufacturing segments other than government2. IET and IT graduates cantherefore benefit from the Lean Six Sigma terminology change that is now prevalentacross all industries. Healthcare providers, financial institutions and others know of LeanSix Sigma methods and can relate the benefits of using these methods within theirparticular organizations whereas they are often less apt to identify how an ‘industrialengineer’ may help them.Lean Six Sigma – A Historical PerspectiveThe term Lean was introduced by Krafcik and the famous book, The Machine ThatChanged the World 3, 4. These publications present the results of a major MIT study toidentify

Conference Session

Best of the NEE

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

, Regarding grading, I often find it useful to retroactively change disasters into extra-credit opportunities. That is, I explain that the problem won't count against anyone's grade, but that those students who managed against all odds to solve (or make substantial headway toward solving) a very difficult (or impossible) problem will be rewarded with extra-credit points.Students should not expect assignments to be perfect. Several instructors made the point that inthe real world, requirements are incompletely specified, change during the project, etc. As KathyRoberson9 put it, Up front, and several times during the semester, I explain to my students that they are preparing for a career where they will frequently be

Conference Session

Service Courses for Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; Timothy Simpson, Pennsylvania State University; Vince Bertsch, Santa Rosa Junior College; Kate Disney, Mission College; Elsa Garmire, Dartmouth College; Barbara Oakley, Oakland University; Mary Rose, Ball State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

develop Educational Standards andBenchmarks to define what K-12 students need to know and be able to do about this kind oftechnology. In 1993, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)published, Project 2061: Benchmarks for Science Literacy [6] and in 1996 the National ScienceEducation Standards were published by the National Academies Press [7], both of whichcontained a section devoted to technology. In 2000 the International Technology EducationAssociation (ITEA) published Standards for Technological Literacy: Content for the Study ofTechnology [8] with the intent of encouraging educational curricula that would providetechnological literacy to K-12 studentsIn Tech Tally, NAE identified three major components, or cognitive

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 2

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holly Matusovich; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Heidi Loshbaugh, Colorado School of Mines; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Barbara Olds, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

change with time and relate toexperiences they are having on campus.In his third year, Joe talks about balancing skills and knowledge with “willingness to learn andexplore”. During this time he is trying to decide if he should pursue industry or research and hisinterview responses reflect his struggle with this decision. His basis for distinguishing thebetween two career avenues is not clear.By her fourth year, Anna’s beliefs about skills needed for success are more grounded inengineering. Similar to Hillary’s answer in the first year, Anna’s answers are generic. Annatalks about having “many, many skills: writing skills; people skills; management skills; skills tobe aware of, of umm, the project as a whole and where you’re going with it” and

Conference Session

Educating Graduates in Engineering for a Flat World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Mariasingam, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Thomas Smith, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Tagged Divisions

International

the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Zimbabwe. He was coordinator of the Africa Virtual University Project at NUST in Zimbabwe. He was founding chairman of the Electronic Science and Technology Program at Universiti Sains Malaysia. A frequent presenter at international conferences, Mariasingam has focused on quality in distance education, reforms and innovation in engineering education, alternative delivery approaches and alternative approaches to financing engineering education. He has developed a comprehensive set of quality standards in terms of rigorous benchmarks for assessment of the quality of online degree programs. He has published papers and

Conference Session

Beyond Individual Ethics: Engineering in Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dean Nieusma, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

, instrumentalsystems are well suited to different kinds of political conditions, especially ones worthsustaining.”8 It is not a new method that is needed, but a whole new approach bridging“political, spatial, and technical dimensions” of design.9 Such inquiry is necessaryinterdisciplinary, since careful understanding of social worlds, technology, and their interactionsis required. Since technology-making is not an end in itself, “It must always be seen in thecontext of broader political debates, goals, projects, and struggles.”10Winner calls his proposed new discipline “political ergonomics,” and he builds a sketch of howpolitical ergonomics might be approached by drawing together the main strengths of threedistinct design traditions—engineering, statecraft