Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Harris, Northeastern University; Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

AC 2009-570: SUMMER BRIDGE: A STEP INTO THE ENGINEERING GAPRichard Harris, Northeastern University Director of NUPRIME (Northeastern University Programs In Multicultural Engineering); BS Industrial Engineering, MS Applied Educational Psychology, Doctor of Education Candidate STEM Education Specialization; 15 years of combined process engineering and program management experience in hybrid microelectronic subassemblies and organic photoconductor manufacturing; Co-PI: New England Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (NELSAMP) at Northeastern, Co-Executive Director: ExxonMobil Bernard Harris Summer Science Camp at Northeastern, Advisor: Society of Hispanic Professional

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Omer, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg; Peter Idowu, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

for educational use.16Bibliography1. P. Idowu, M. Omer, “Visual Learning Tool for Presentation of the Economic Dispatch Topic,” 2008 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, June 2008.2. MATLAB® The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098.3. P. Saur, G.T. Heydt, and V. Vittal, “The state of electric power engineering education.” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.19, pp.5-8, Feb. 2004.4. B. Corderoy, G. Karady, and T. Papazoglou, “Electric power engineering education.” ELECTRA, no. 192, pp. 18-22, Oct. 2000.5. S. N. Singh, “Challenges and initiatives in power engineering education,” IEEE Computer Appl. Power, vol. 14, pp. 36-14, Apr. 2001.6. M. Kezunovic, A. Abur, G. Huang, A. Bose, K

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norma Mattei, University of New Orleans

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

”, Research in Higher Ed., Vol.38, 379-396.[2] Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology; 2007, “Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs - Effective for Evaluations During the 2008-2009 Accreditation Cycle”, ABET, Baltimore, MD, pg 2 of 19.[3] Passow, H.; M. Mayhew; C. Finley, T. Harding, and D. Carpenter, 2006, “Factors influencing engineering students’ decision to cheat by type of assessment,” Research in Higher Ed., Vol. 47, #6, 643-684.[4] Whitley, B., 1998, “Factors associated with cheating among college students: a review”, Research in Higher Ed., Vol.39, #3, 235-277.[5] Carpenter, D.; T. Harding; C. Finley; S Montgomery; and Passow, H.; 2006, “Engineering students’ perceptions of and attitudes

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Ted Lee, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Olds, B. M. & Miller, R. L. The Effect of a First-Year Integrated Engineering Curriculum on Graduation Rates and Student Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study. J. Eng. Ed. 93, 23- 35 (2004).7. Hersam, M. C., Luna, M. & Light, G. Implementation of Interdisciplinary Group Learning and Peer Assessment in a Nanotechnology Engineering Course. J. Eng. Ed. 93, 49-55 (2004). Page 14.24.12 11

Conference Session

Design Methodology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary; Carla Gould, Ontario College of Art and Design; Casey Wong, Ontario College of Art and Design; Michael Helms, Georgia Institute of Technology; Djordje Zegarac, University of Calgary; Sean Gibbons, University of Montana; Carl Hastrich, Ontario College of Art and Design; Jeannette Yen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Bruce Hinds, Ontario College of Art and Design; Denise DeLuca, Biomimicry Institute; jessica ching, Ontario College of Art and Design

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

we are beginning to see how we could evolve our practices to make thispossible. Page 14.1365.9 b. The University of MontanaOur design team combined engineers, designers and biologists from across the U.S. and Canada,using an innovative web-based community design platform and SKYPE (software that allowsusers to make telephone calls over the Internet. Calls to other users of the service and to free-of-charge numbers are free, while calls to other landlines and mobile phones can be made for a fee.Additional features include instant messaging, file transfer and video conferencing) tocollaborate.It was enlightening for me, as a biologist, to

Conference Session

Instructional Innovations in AEC Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammed Haque, Texas A&M University; Reniz Moosa, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

section describes the method involved in building the model. It should be noted that beforeproceeding to work in Unreal, the required textures and static meshes must be ready for use. Thissection focuses on the procedure used for building the model in Unreal for this research.Prior to working directly on the model in Unreal, the following actions have to be implemented.These steps though basic in nature will prove influential in the final appearance and performanceof the model.(a) Develop a good understanding on how game engine software works: its tools, running methods, requirements, compatibility with other software’s etc. A lot of tutorials are available online to provide assistance for budding game designers.(b) Install the latest

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum and Practices in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Rainer Fink, Texas A&M University; Alex Fang, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

straightforward. Pareto Chart of the Standardized Effects (response is Jitter (ms), Alpha = 0.05) 2.571 Factor Name A A Packet size (kb) B Buffer size (packets) C C Location D Cards D

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Electrical and Computer ET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Patrick, Texas A&M University; Clint Vigil, Texas A&M University; Ryan Beasley, Texas A&M University; Ben Zoghi, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

for tactile displays. A B Fig. 1. A) 2x2 tactile display with 3D movements. B) Enlarged view of pins and platforms.The display (Fig. 1) consists of five main parts: pins, platforms, servomotors, servo controller, Page 14.1081.3and user interface program. Four pins directly interact with the user’s fingertip. Looking downfrom above the display, the pins form the corners of a square. Each pin is attached to a separateplatform. Each platform is moved by three servomotors. Note that if six actuators were attachedto each platform, we would have a platform capable of motions in all three

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Hasan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

incorporated seamlessly into a design that can be implemented onFPGAs. As such, a course needs to be developed encompassing microcontroller architecture,digital system design and implementation on FPGAs using VHDL. This paper describes thedevelopment of such a course with a case study of microprocessor design and implementation.The discussions also extend to incorporating an IP core processor in a system design that targetsFPGAs.IntroductionOne of the major objectives of curriculum development is to enhance students’ learning1. Thefactors that support this objective has been identified in1 and in several other studies as: a)allowing students to be empowered, informed, and responsive learners who can assume ameaningful role in the society; b) providing

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Strategies in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

being beneficial. These results were used to facilitate adiscussion regarding the importance of design intent in modern CAD modeling and productdevelopment environments. Page 14.421.8References1 D. A. Field, "Education and Training for CAD in the Auto Industry," Computer-Aided Design 36 (14), 1431-1437 (2004).2 S. D. Eppinger and A. R. Chitkara, "The New Practice of Global Product Development," MIT Sloan Management Review 47 (4), 22-30 (2006).3 B. Caldwell and G. M. Mocko, "Ttite," in ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conferences

Conference Session

Micromachining in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Hung, Texas A&M University; Sujeev Chittipolu, Texas A&M University; Saurabh Kajaria, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

study of macromilling Ti 6Al 4V, theauthors find a significantly improvement of tool life (~ 8 times) and a reduction of cutting forceswhen micromist is used 12. Page 14.878.6 (a) (b)Figure 1. Measuring tool offset in (a) x and y directions and (b) z direction.Figure 2. Run out of Haas OM2 air spindle at 10,000 rpm. Page 14.878.7Figure 3. Bending stress on a cutting tool due to spindle run out. The maximum stress reachesflexural strength of the tool material when tool deflection is 0.34 mm

Conference Session

Curriculum in Mechanical and Power Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Ryan Beasley, Texas A&M University; Jay Porter, Texas A&M University; Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Ext T rig 12 Vrms + 60 Hz _ R2 C2 A B 0° 100 8.2nF + _ + _ 0 Figure 1. Circuit capturing using MultiSIM Figure 2. Three dimensional breadboard in MultiSIMStudents were asked to use MultiSIM after lectures on each subject in circuit analysis to verifythe theoretical result. They were

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Porter, Texas A&M University; Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; George Wright, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, “Creativity and New Product Development: Bringing Entrepreneurship into Engineering DesignClasses,” 2007 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Honolulu, HI, United States, 2007. Page 14.1101.142. W. Birmingham, B. Allison, J. Dupree, “Entrepreneurship via Multidisciplinary Product Development,” 2007ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Honolulu, HI, United States, 2007.3. A.J. Marchese, J.L. Schmalzel, T.R. Chandrupatla, S.A. Mandayam, “A Venture Capital Fund to EncourageEntrepreneurship and Rapid Product Development With Multidisciplinary Teams,” 1999 ASEE Annual Conferenceand Exposition, Charlotte, NC, United States, 1999.4. J.A. Morgan

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Butler-Purry, Texas A&M University; Vinod Srinivasan, Texas A&M University; susan pedersen, Texas A&M University

, Curriculum & Laboratory Improvement (CCLI) program.Bibliography[1] de Freitas, S. I., “Using games and simulations for supporting learning.” Learning, Media and Technology, 31, 4(2006), 343-358. [2] Prensky, M., Digital game-based learning. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001. [3] Cratty, B. J., Active learning: games to enhance academic abilities. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,,1971.[4] Gillispie, P. H., Learning through simulation games. Paulist Press, New York,, 1973.[5] Nesbitt, W. A., Foreign Policy Association, and Foreign Policy Association. School Services Dept. Simulationgames for the social studies classroom. Crowell, New York, 1971.[6] Catherall, T. S. Simulation games and their effect upon selected educational attitude changes

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kati Wilson, Texas A&M University; Ana Elisa Goulart, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

3261.8. Peterson, L.,Dave, B., 2008, — Computer Networks – A Systems Approach, Morgan Kaufmann.9. M. J. Karam, and F. A. Tobagi, “Analysis of the Delay and Jitter of Voice Traffic Over the Internet,” In the Proceedings of IEEE Infocom 2001, pp. 824-833, 2001.10. Newport Networks, VoIP Bandwidth Calculation White Paper, http://www.newport-networks.com. Page 14.140.10

Conference Session

Innovations in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Troy Perales, Texas A&M University; Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University; Jay Porter, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

feedback from the Fall 2008 semester. The Toolkit is nowavailable for download and use by other educational institutions from the NI web site.Bibliography1. M. Radu, M. Alexandru Dabacan, S. Sexton , C. Cole, “Extensive Use of Advanced FPGA Technology in Digital Design Education,” 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition, Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.2. N. Alaraje, J. DeGroat, A. Oliveira, “Teaching Field Programmable Gate Array Design (FPGA) to Future Electrical Engineering Technologists: Course Development,” 2007 Annual Conference & Exposition, Honolulu, HA, 2007.3. http://www.xilinx.com4. http://www.digilentinc.com5. http://www.ni.com/fpga/6. G. Crouch, R. Lee , B. Johnson , S. Sharad, “Fostering Design Across Multiple Disciplines With

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Terry Beck, Kansas State University; Bill Whitson, Kansas State University; Greg Payne, Kansas State University; Trevor Heitman, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

tunnel flowvisualization, smoke injection is the usual means to visualize the flows; whereas with watertunnel flow visualization a dye injection method is typically employed. The ability to visualizeflows, and the associated boundary layer separation and vortex shedding phenomenon, forms anextremely important thrust of such introductory courses, and is an invaluable educational tool aswell as a tool for practical engineering design. Smoke Rake Converging Nozzle FLOW Illuminated Separation Bubble Smoke Streams (a) Schematic of Sharp-Edged Nozzle Flow (b) Actual Half-Section Nozzle Flow Figure 1: Wind Tunnel Flow Visualization—Internal FlowThe work presented

Conference Session

Exemplary Outreach Programs in Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

L. Diane Hurtado, Texas A&M University; Andrew Conkey, Texas A&M University, Qatar; Thomas Blasingame, Texas A&M University; Christi Madsen, Texas A&M University; Cesar Malave, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Project:The objective of the solar car project was to have the students assess the utilization of a solarpanel array to power a vehicle. The activities given to the participants were; a) to research solarcells on usage and limitations, b) examine performance capabilities of the cells under variouslight intensities, and c) build a buggy and measure its performance by timing over a set distancewhile carrying different loads.The first task given to the teams was an exercise to observe how a solar power meter responds tothe power from an incandescent bulb at different distances. The participants then entered thedata into an Excel spreadsheet and performed a curve fitting exercise to observe how the poweris a function of distance. The next exercise had

Conference Session

DEED Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chao Chen, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Carlos Pomalaza-Ráez, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Scott Hendershot, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Ma Oo, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Adam Hilton, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

further conserves power.The measured data are fed into a microcontroller and sampled via an ADC. We selected theSilicon Labs C8051F353 microcontroller with a built-in 24/16 bit ADC in our design. Themicrocontroller does simple processing on the data and set the working mode of theaccelerometer accordingly. Processed data are fed into an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant wirelesstransceiver and sent to the data logger unit. For our design, the XBee 802.15.4 radio modemfrom Digi/MaxStream is chosen as the wireless transceiver, as shown in Figure 2(b). It canoperate under transparent mode with a simple connection with a microcontroller. With a chipantenna, it operates up to 30 meters indoor. The transmission range can be further increased to 90meters by using

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Foley, United States Coast Guard Academy; Michael Plumley, United States Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2009-1620: ENTHALPY IN A BOX: TEACHING OPEN VS. CLOSED SYSTEMWORK TERMSAndrew Foley, United States Coast Guard AcademyMichael Plumley, United States Coast Guard Academy Page 14.579.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Enthalpy in a box Teaching open v closed system work terms.Abstract In teaching a general approach to thermodynamics the authors have reduced the equationcount in their course to basically one accounting equation, the Reynolds Transport equation.While this has been well received by students it does require that they, in turn, have a greaterphysical understanding of problems as success is now

Conference Session

SE Curriculum and Course Management

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zulfa Zakaria, IIUM

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

fully by means of examining all the courses offered. The process becametedious because University A, for example, had five courses to consider, University B had threecourses to consider, and so on with the others. Therefore, to establish the amount of coverage foreach topic in each category for all the courses, composite ratings were used as set out in Table 1. Horizontal View Table 1. Composite ratings + N JM TB TM TD Vertical View N N JM TB TM TD JM JM JM TB TM TD

Conference Session

Outreach and Hands-on Materials

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lanny Griffin; Jeffrey Swab, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Materials

). Page 14.104.4 (a) (b)Figure 4: Sample appearance after deformation for (a) Transverse specimens, (b) Longitudinal specimens.Table 2: Results from the demonstration (N=10). The superscripts a and b indicate statisticallysignificant differences (p=0.05 and p<0.0001, respectively). Transverse Longitudinal Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse Sample Strain (%) Strain (%) Strain (%) Strain (%) 1 172.7 -50.0 45.5 -1.0 2 154.5 -60.0

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Lumsdaine, Michigan Technological University; Josh Loukus, Michigan Technological University; Jason Dreyer, Michigan Technological University; Steve Chenoweth, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Monika Lumsdaine, E&M Lumsdaine Solar Consultants, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

ABET criteria to be best-in-class, based on years of experience educating engineeringstudents and engineers working in industry. The designations A,B,C,D refer to particularthinking modes of the HBDI model (discussed in Section II of this paper). A, B, C, D Application in a Capstone Design Project B Structured, Iterative Design Process with Documentation Formats Teamwork Mental Models: Knowledge Tools Communication CPS, HBDI Pugh, QFD, etc. D

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jiang Zhou, Lamar University; Paul Corder, Lamar University; Hsing-wei Chu, Lamar University; Kendrick Aung, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

simplified as a 1DOF spring-mass-damper system. Figure 1. Typical drop apparatus and mounting scheme [9]2.2 Simplified ModelThe test board supported by four screws in the drop test can be simplified a 1DOF mass-spring-damper system. The equation of motion is M &x&(t ) − B x& (t ) − Kx (t ) ? f ( t ) (1)where M is the mass, B is the damping coefficient, and K is the spring constant of the test board,x(t) is the displacement of the test board of the system, and f(t) is the applied impact impulse. Page 14.715.3The JEDEC standard suggests that the test board be subjected to

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Mechanical Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Wagner, Clemson University; Katie Knaub, National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

identical time side gears; attached lever arms and add weights on the input and output shafts to balance the mechanism. 5. Complete necessary calculations required to determine the output torque analytically and compare results with gear teeth, lever arms, and input weights. Page 14.1271.7 Figure 2: Assembled and internal components of a clock’s mechanism – (a) front view of entire assembly, and (b) front plate removed to illustrate the meshed gear trains3.2 Motion Analysis of Clock Pendulums (Lab II)The mechanical properties of a clock’s pendulum such as the moment of inertia and frequencywill be analyzed using

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaobo Peng, Prairie View A&M University; Katie Grantham Lough, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Benjamin Dow, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Unigraphics NX software was used to analyze specific parts of the Unirac rail system. Theanalysis result is shown in Fig. 6(b). (a) (b)Figure 6. (a) The CAD model of the rack system; (b) The load analysis of the Unirac rail systemPresentation CompetitionThe final presentation competition was held at the end of semester. Students presented theirprojects simultaneously and interactively with their partners from two sites through video Page 14.1127.9conferencing system as shown in Fig. 7. WebEx was used to share and present PowerPointslides. The presentations were evaluated by the panel of

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sundararajan Madihally, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

with safety related issues. Each presentation addresses adifferent safety issues. For example, one seminar dealt with providing a hands-on training onfire safety (Figure 1). EHS personnel brought in the necessary equipments and organized thesession in an open area. After few minutes of initial discussion, students had an opportunity touse the fire extinguisher on a gasoline fire. After-class discussions with the graduate studentsA. B. Figure 1. Fire safety demonstration. (A) Photograph of the setup used to demonstrate usage of fire extinguishers. (B) Hands-on experience of pull the pin on the fire extinguisher, aim the nozzle

Conference Session

Collaboration, A Cool Tool: Librarians/Faculty/Students Work Together for Quality Results

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patsy Hulse, University of Auckland; John St George, University of Auckland; Li Wang, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

AC 2009-511: HOW WELL DOES COLLABORATION WORK IN ENGINEERINGPROJECT CURRICULUM REDESIGN?Patsy Hulse, University of Auckland Patsy Hulse has been the Engineering Library Manager, The University of Auckland Library , Auckland, New Zealand for the past 18 years, and, in addition, since 2000, the Civil & Environmental Subject Librarian. Prior to this she was employed over many years in a variety of positions in the University of Auckland library system. She is a registered professional member of the New Zealand Library and Information Association, LIANZA. She has visited many engineering libraries worldwide during her many travels. There has been a particular emphasis on North America

Conference Session

Student Learning and Assessment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andre Butler, Mercer University; William Moses, Mercer University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

achieved for themechanical specialization. The statement of program outcomes for the Mercer UniversitySchool of Engineering proposes that, among a number of other engineering and societalcapabilities, graduates will be able to “design and conduct experiments and analyze data.”5 This Page 14.52.4outcome and its assessment are intended specifically to address ABET engineering programcriterion 3(b)—“Engineering programs must demonstrate that their students attain the followingoutcomes: . . . (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze andinterpret data . . .”1 as well as SACS comprehensive standard 3.3.1—“The institution

Conference Session

Teaching Statics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sue Rosser, Georgia Institute of Technology; Laurence Jacobs, Georgia Institute of Technology; Janet Murray, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wendy Newstetter, Georgia Institute of Technology; Christine Valle, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

mentionedearlier, this is a frame problem, but we assign it to students as a two-step, one body equilibriumproblem at the beginning of the semester. The first body they study is the lower arm, and theymust solve for the unknown forces in the biceps and the elbow. The second body they study isthe entire arm (lower arm, upper arm, and biceps). On that body, they must solve for the loads atthe shoulder E (which is assumed to be a fixed support, for static determinacy). Page 14.779.5 Figure 1 – Arm and Purse ProblemFigures 2 a&b show an idealized rendering of a keyboard. The goal is to calculate the forces atthe ground as well