Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Fatma Outay, College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University; Haroon Malik, Marshall University

Paper ID #49755WhatsPhish: WhatsApp AI Phishing Detector ChatbotDr. Fatma Outay, College of Technological Innovation, Zayed UniversityHaroon M, Marshall University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 WhatsPhish: AI Powered WhatsApp Phishing Detector Chatbot Muna Abdulla Ahmed Abdelrahman1, Hasa Mohammed Abdulla Alblooshi1, Awatef Adel Ali Ibrahim1, Fatma Outay1, Haroon Malik2 1 Zayed University, Dubai, UAE 2 College of Engineering and Computer Sciences

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Brian Scott Downey, Ohio Northern University; Anthony Middleton; Jared Timmerman, Ohio Northern University; Teagan Hendricks, Ohio Northern University; Aiden Tallet, Ohio Northern University

, less obvious stakeholder,is the university’s IT department. The office message board device requires the use of a networkin order to function correctly. There needs to be a server hosting the back end of the device. Theback end is simple, being made up of a database and a program that handles authentication. Thissimplicity means that any IT department should be able to host the required back end easily ontheir own network. Figure 1: Server DiagramData Collection​ In order to gather important information from our stakeholders, our group decided to holdsurveys for the faculty and students at our university. This was done to ensure that our designswill support the wants and needs of the stakeholders

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Wesley Cole Hanson, Ohio Northern University; Cody Beagle, Ohio Northern University; Aaron Altstaetter, Ohio Northern University; Amari Shamar Patterson, Ohio Northern University

market.Through meetings with the Advisor, as well as research on the competition and designconstraints, the team divided them into design constraints and design metrics, dependingon whether the constraints needed to be met, or if it could be maximized/minimized.Table 1 below shows design constraints and metrics that the team determined to benecessary to the success of this project when put out on the market. These concern bothsafety of the product (since it is an electrical circuit), as well as digital aspects of theproject that will help improve the user experience, and help match what the standard is onthe current market. Table 1: Design Constraints Design Constraints Maximum bypass

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Kathryn Chludzinski, Youngstown State University - Rayen School of Engineering; C. Virgil Solomon, Youngstown State University - Rayen School of Engineering

, and torque feedback response. Correctly tuning thesystem is essential for the best performance but is often challenging to achieve.While electronic CVTs are the newest development, research is still prevalent in mechanicalCVT design and analysis. Olav Aaen’s Clutch Tuning Handbook is an essential resource forworking with mechanical CVTs and has been cited in much of the research performed onmechanical CVTs since its publication. The handbook explores how the primary and secondaryunits work independently, and as a system together [1].Current research on mechanical CVTs typically focuses on performance prediction andoptimization, or on studying the dynamics of belt operation and temperature effects. A kinematic-based script for estimating CVT

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Jarod Max Banzon, Marshall University; Mohammed Ferdjallah, Marshall University

prevention, medical records, comparative outcomes research, and biomedical sciences. He has successfully published several peer-reviewed articles in biomedical sciences, physical medicine and rehabilitation, modeling and simulation of physiological signals, motion analysis, and engineering. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Random Walk Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Coal Fly Ash Compounds Settling in West Virginia Max Banzon1, Mohammed Ferdjallah1, and Asad Salem2 1 Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Marshall University, WV 2 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Marshall

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Jundong Liu, Ohio University; Trevor Joseph Bihl, Air Force Research Laboratory; Daniel Masami Nagura, Ohio University

playing policy is trained with a reinforcement learning (RL) setup, which consists states, actions, rewards and RL learning algorithms. Human players in- teract with the environment, generating an experience buffer as they play. During the training phase of the RL agents, the human experience buffer is combined with agent-generated data to establish a reinforcement learning with human experience (RLHE) paradigm. Experimental results show that our RLHE approach significantly accelerates the training process and en- hances the performance of RL agents, demonstrating marked improvements in race car motion planning.1 IntroductionMotion planning is a critical component in autonomous robotics, unmanned aerial

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Preston K Sellards, Marshall University; Mathew Allen, Marshall University; Pingping Zhu, Marshall University; Ben Taylor, Marshall University

in the use of AI in response to wildfires.IntroductionWith the continuation of climate change, society is beginning to experience an increase in wildfiresas well as an increase in intensity, threatening ecosystems and infrastructure [1]. Traditionalwildfire detection methods like satellite monitoring and ground-based patrol fall into certainweaknesses like limited coverage of an area. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), more commonlyknown as drones, can be equipped with advanced technologies, like AI, as a solution to thedetection and monitoring of wildfires [2]. Bitcraze's Crazyflie drones are a lightweight andmodular drone system that allows the drone to be equipped with special hardware like the AI deckto enable real-time sensing and image

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Kastriot Palokaj, Eastern Michigan University; Justin Barnet Brock, Eastern Michigan University; Elizabeth Selby, Eastern Michigan University; Mussa Geyre, Eastern Michigan University; Ethan Victor Harper, Eastern Michigan University; Nicholas B Cote, Eastern Michigan University; John Losee, Eastern Michigan University; Daoud Sidibe Sambimana, Eastern Michigan University; Qin Hu, Eastern Michigan University

potentially be used toprovide rides for students needing assistance navigating the campus.1.​ IntroductionDoor-to-Door transportation for students with mobility issues is an issue widely ignored acrosscampuses in the nation. Campus Disability Resource Database reveals the majority of theuniversities have no service for helping students with disabilities navigate from building tobuilding [1]. Of the few that list some services, even fewer have door-to-door transportation. Aninterview with the Disability Resource Center at our University revealed that one of the mostfrequent requests students with disabilities ask for is transportation from building to building.Adjacent to this issue is the emergence of autonomous vehicles. While self-driving

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Grace Hattery, Ohio Northern University; Stephany Coffman-Wolph, Ohio Northern University; Dax Amburgy, Ohio Northern University

attract more prospective students and their parents, increase studentretention through the full length of the program, and ultimately have more students attend ONU.The secondary motivation is to emphasize the “magic” of engineering – specifically what kindsof illusions and cool visual effects can be created through using the knowledge gained from avariety of engineering disciplines studied by the team’s members.Research has shown that students' engagement with their academic environment significantlyinfluences their overall success. Positive feelings toward their academic building can fosterimproved student retention, assist in student well-being, and create overall satisfaction with theircollege experience [1]. The capstone team also found that

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Ragavanantham Shanmugam, Fairmont State University; Madhan Gopal Perumal, The University of Texas at Dallas; Uma Maheswari Krishnamoorthy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

. Introduction: Addressing the Challenges of Course SelectionEach year, nearly 40% of college students in the U.S. fail to graduate within six years, often dueto course misalignment and scheduling inefficiencies [1]. Many of these students, despite beingcapable, find themselves trapped in an endless loop of prerequisite confusion, last-minuteoverrides, and unclear academic advising. Navigating course selection in U.S. universities can bea daunting challenge for students. A study by the Education Advisory Board [2] found that studentswho take random or excess credits are 12% less likely to graduate on time compared to thosefollowing a structured pathway.Consider the case of Alex (an imaginary student), an engineering student who, due to unclearadvising

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Yousef Sardahi, Marshall University; Asad Salem

Tagged Topics

Diversity

System for Military Applications Erin Webb1 , Josie Farris2 , Lydia Hittle2 , Yousef Sardahi* 4 , Asad Salem5 , and Mallory Lind6 1-5 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705, webb424@marshall.edu,farris33@marshall.edu, hittle@marshall.edu sardahi@marshall.edu, asad.salem@marshall.edu 5 CMI2 - Civil-Military Innovation Institute, Morgantown, WV 26505, mcoleman@cmi2.orgAbstractThis paper details a student-led research project, supervised by faculty and funded by the Civil-Military Innovation

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Yousef Sardahi, Marshall University; Asad Salem

Sardahi* 3 , Asad Salem4 , Sudipta Chowdhury5 , and Brian Gazaway6 1-5 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705, webb424@marshall.edu,farris33@marshall.edu sardahi@marshall.edu, asad.salem@marshall.edu, chowdhurys@marshall.edu 5 CMI2 - Civil-Military Innovation Institute,Morgantown, WV 26505, bgazaway@cmi2.orgAbstractThis paper presents a student-led research project, supervised by faculty and sponsored by theCivil-Military Innovation Institute (CMI2), focused on reducing the physical burden on

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Zachary Schreiber, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Anne M Lucietto, School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Diane L Peters P.E., Kettering University

electric societypowered by solar, wind, and other forms of “sustainable” and renewable energy sources.Alternative Energy Sustainability ConsiderationsAll goods, including renewable energies and vehicles, require some form of raw materials to bemined, refined, transported, manufactured, and assembled into a final product. Vehicles andrenewable energies can include thousands of different materials and manufacturing processeswith associated transportation and emissions. The size and type of vehicle or renewable energymay require different materials and manufacturing processes that have different amounts ofenvironmental impact from creation alone. [1-4].Once manufactured and transported to consumers, the use phase becomes the next and

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Roberto Andre Mossi, Gannon University; Ramakrishnan Sundaram, Gannon University

creating artificial intelligence that focus on the study of the livingorganisms. For this specific situation, there is an inspiration from two specific projects. The first project is the Multi-Agent Hide and Seek [1] developed by Open-AI. This project gave me the inspiration of making a environment basedon a game to study the ingenuity of AI for problem solving situations. The second project is the video I programmedsome creatures [2]. This project has the main idea of managing the behavior of the organisms with the use of genomesthrough the environment constrains. This gives a connection between the world of computer science and biology.Prerequisites Type Version Name Description Why Language

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Jayed Pasha; Junayed Pasha, Gannon University; Ikechukwu P Ohu

workers and healthcare providers, robotics, and computer int ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Traffic Flow Management of State Street-Bayfront Parkway Intersection: A Simulation Case Study Jayed Pasha1, Kyle Anderson2, Alvaro Agullo San Juan2, Junayed Pasha2*, and Ikechukwu P. Ohu2 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Military University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 12172 Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541AbstractTraffic congestion at intersections is a common cause of wasted time, increased fuelconsumption, environmental pollution, etc. It is a major challenge faced by almost all busy urbansocieties

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Nicholas A Baine P.E., Grand Valley State University; Karl Brakora, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

transfer students, students of color, and Pell Grant recipientsbenefiting least. The findings suggest systemic inequalities that merit further discussion.IntroductionThere has been significant study associated with the equity of access to college and the collegeadmissions process [1] [2] [3]. There are also advocates who are drawing attention to the fact thatseemingly neutral policies such as requiring remedial courses and limited credit transfers fromassociate degree programs can have unintended consequences and contribute to structural racismin higher education [4]. However, there has been less study of policies regarding tuition and feesoutside of financial aid and assistance. The work recently done in [5], explores how tuition and feesystems

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Ethan Scott Stevenson, Marshall University; Jay Cook, Marshall University; Trevor Bihl, Marshall University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

payment, is acritical issue that affects power distribution systems worldwide. In the United States (U.S.),electricity theft leads to an estimated $1.6 billion in annual losses for utility companies, creatinga significant financial burden that is ultimately passed on to honest consumers through higherelectricity rates [1]. While this issue is not frequently discussed in the U.S., its financial andoperational impacts are felt across the energy sector [2]. The challenge lies not only in themonetary losses but also in the inefficiencies and operational difficulties introduced by electricitytheft, which compromise the reliability and resilience of power grids.Globally, electricity theft is recognized as a pervasive problem, particularly in developing

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Brian Krug, Grand Valley State University; Chirag Parikh, Grand Valley State University; Elora Mae Ferrie, Grand Valley State University

. IntroductionThe increased use of microcontroller systems in solving industrial control problems has led to ageneral acceptance of microcontroller knowledge in other areas of engineering such asmechanical and biomedical engineering. An area that has normally been reserved for electrical orcomputer engineers is now multidisciplinary [1], integrating digital electronics, communications,and computing with a variety of systems ranging from medical to biological. With these newenhancements, microcontroller-based teaching has evolved over the past few decades. Thesechanges range from project-based microcontroller teaching that emphasize real worldapplications to the introduction of new educational tools such as robot kits. This new approach toteaching about

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Alexa July Hoffman, Marshall University; Trevor Joseph Bihl, Marshall University

power generation methods[10]. Emerging technologies such as wind turbine plants, solar photovoltaic (PV) farms,hydroelectric, biomass, and natural gas-fired plants offer alternative energy sources. Yet, thesemethods each come with unique challenges, particularly in a state characterized by harsh weatherconditions—ranging from ice storms and heavy winds to summer humidity and flooding—thattest grid resilience [26]. Furthermore, West Virginia’s rural, mountainous terrain complicatesconstruction, access, and power distribution.1 For instance, the Philip Sporn power plant in New Haven, Mason Co. WV, retired in 2015 [6]. 1As the state navigates this

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Ernest David Cartwright Sr., Marshall University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

skills, and team building skills.This paper will introduce the HSTA program and the importance of CBRPs to its weeklystructure, the methodology used in training the near-peers and students, and some preliminaryresults of this process in a classroom.We anticipate that our high school students will perform better than those teams who do not havethis opportunity and that our near peers will have a more profound understanding of CBRPs,statistical analysis, and experimental design.Introduction: The Problem of Rural STEM EducationThe United States is experiencing a wave of programs to advance STEM education to satisfy theongoing demand for STEM researchers and professionals.[1] Yet, in rural communities, limitedbudgets, restricted opportunities for

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Seyed Mohammad Seyed Ardakani P.E., Ohio Northern University; Julia Kamatali, Ohio Northern University

room. By incorporating gamified elements and interactive problem-solvingwith course material, the game aims to improve students' interest and motivation to fosterengagement with the content compared to traditional teaching methods like lectures, textbookreading assignments, and quizzes. A detailed review of the game’s design is presented in thispaper.Introduction: Overview of Gamification in EducationCurrent Challenges in EducationThe rise of modern information communication technologies and the internet has reshapededucation [1]. This has led to a shift away from traditional passive learning methods, which arenow often viewed as unengaging and ineffective [2]. Instructors need to utilize innovativemethods to keep students engaged while

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Leslie Hopkinson, West Virginia University; Lynette Michaluk, West Virginia University; Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University

Administration STEM education initiatives.Dr. Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University Lizzie Y. Santiago, Ph.D., is a Teaching Associate Professor for the Fundamentals of Engineering Program in the Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources. She holds a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering and has postdoctoral training in ne ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Work-in-Progress: Survey Development to Examine Connections Between Engineering Identity and Engineering Student SupportIntroductionSeveral instruments have been developed to assess students' science, technology, engineering andmathematics (STEM) identity (e.g., [1], [2]). These instruments include evaluation

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Diane L Peters P.E., Kettering University

., [1]), mentioned inpassing (e.g., [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), or as a lead in to a discussion of how to foster these connections(e.g., [7]). The role of these relationships in fostering student success has been discussed inseveral works as well, e.g., [8, 9, 10]. These works indicated that community college studentswith stronger instructor relationships were more likely to seek support, that relationship-richclassrooms promote mentoring, and that even minimal efforts can have a positive impact onclassroom climate.It is also well established that forming connections between professors and students was difficultwhen COVID-19 disrupted in-person education. In addition to professors’ and students’ livedexperiences, evidence is provided in several studies

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Shuyu Wang, The Ohio State University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, The Ohio State University

investigated how transdisciplinarity has been integrated in engineering educationby delving into the existing challenges and future opportunities that transdisciplinarity offersengineering education. Moreover, we aimed to analyze how transdisciplinary approaches canreshape engineering curricula to better prepare students for real-world, complex challenges.For this paper, we searched for literature related to transdisciplinarity in engineeringeducation. Through our research, we identified several relevant studies, which we groupedinto three primary themes: 1) Integration of real-world problems, 2) Transdisciplinarycompetencies, and 3) Engagement with non-academic stakeholders. These themes werederived from key concepts that are widely acknowledged in

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Dylan Lester, Marshall University; Pingping Zhu, Marshall University; Husnu Saner Narman, Marshall University; Ammar Alzarrad, Marshall University

expedite training, they often come at a high cost, making them less accessible toresearchers with limited resources. Finding methods to incorporate assisted labeling has shownto drastically improve accuracy , with Gregorio et al. seeing a 15% increase over manual labelingmethods [1]. In this study, we propose a method that offers an effective and cost-efficientalternative to mainstream AI-assisted features. Specifically, we applied this method to detectfaults within railroad systems, focusing on insufficient ballast—missing gravel between railroadtracks—and plant overgrowth. These faults can disrupt railroad traffic and pose safety risks. Railroad fault detection has been extensively studied in the literature and continues to evolvewith advances

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2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Benjamin P Starling, Ohio Northern University; Kento Akazawa; Andrew Nelson; Kodi Rogue; Benjamin Faibussowitsch, Ohio Northern University

administrators, aligning with Ohio Northern University’s (ONU) IT policies, andmaintaining technical feasibility within the given infrastructure. 1.​ Learnability and Usability​ ○​ The platform must be highly intuitive for administrators, allowing efficient management of course offerings and scheduling. ○​ The interface should enable users to complete tasks efficiently with minimal training. 2.​ Technical Constraints​ ○​ The app must be easily integrable within ONU’s existing systems. ○​ It should require minimal effort from the IT department for implementation and maintenance.Evaluation MetricsKey evaluation metrics include: ●​ Accuracy: The app should provide the most

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Benjamin Lubina, Gannon University; Ramakrishnan Sundaram, Gannon University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

cameras or specialized hardware [1] [2].Similarly, a team developed a method to image still objects through walls using Wi-Fi signals.Their approach applies the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction to interpret how Wi-Fi wavesinteract with object edges, allowing for high-quality imaging of objects, including complexshapes like the English alphabet, through walls [8]. Present research extends the capabilities of Wi-Fi imaging by integrating a machinelearning-based classification system and amplitude color [10]. By leveraging signal fluctuationscaptured through a dynamic network of Wi-Fi nodes, systems can infer object shapes andcharacteristics in real time. This represents a step beyond simple detection, aiming for higheraccuracy in object

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Omar Ahmed Raheem Al-Shebeeb, West Virginia University; Austin Harper; Ahmed Shoyeb Raihan, West Virginia University

for environmentally responsiblemanufacturing practices (Yu et al., 2020).In conclusion, the integration of AR and AI technologies in training and operational processes is crucialfor preparing students and professionals for the demands of smart manufacturing environments. Asindustries continue to evolve, the role of immersive technologies in enhancing training outcomes andresource efficiency will likely expand, paving the way for innovative solutions that meet the challengesof modern manufacturing (Casuso et al., 2021).3. Methodology Using the Miller MobileArc™ AR Welding System, students practiced making three types of welds–see Figure 1 for examples. The results for each weld were photographed during the lab session and later

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Xu Gao, Marshall University; Pingping Zhu, Marshall University; Mohammed Ferdjallah, Marshall University

treatments, uses thesetechnologies to identify and isolate distinct structures within complex medical images, ultimately aiding clinical decision-making [1]. In hematology, accurately distinguishing and analyzing blood cells using segmentation methods is crucial forearly disease detection and monitoring treatment effectiveness. Despite these advancements, integrating cutting-edge deep learning models into everyday medical practice remains chal-lenging for many professionals due to the steep learning curve associated with acquiring coding skills [2]. This gap highlightsthe need for more accessible tools that allow medical practitioners to apply advanced segmentation models without requiringextensive programming knowledge. This study aims to

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Elin Jensen, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

provides the foundation for addressing sustainable material selection through thelens of systems thinking considering trade-offs between materials, making informed decisionssupported by data, and communication.The activity was integrated in the 1-credit Mechanics of Materials’ laboratory session atLawrence Technological University. Eighteen students were enrolled in the session and they met2 hours per week. The activity was presented to the students about 8 weeks into a 15-weeksemester. The students had gained theoretical and practical experiences in several topics throughapplications of the force-displacement relationship and the behavior of various materials.In week 8, the students were introduced to the EOP topic area of Material Selection