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Displaying results 391 - 420 of 526 in total
Collection
2001 Annual Conference
Authors
Thomas Stanford; Michael Aherne; Duane D. Dunlap; Mel Mendelson; Donald Keating
. government sciences and technology programs have been dominated by two overriding concerns: basic research and support for specific national missions, such as national security and health. Largely as a result of this concentrated federal effort, American science has enjoyed an era of unprecedented excellence … In many ways, the federal government has failed to adapt its policies to the new, market-driven model of innovation. Considerable evidence suggests that America is failing to commercialize the kinds and quality of technology that the market demands.”8) U.S. industry must rebuild its in-house innovative engineering capacity and its leadership capacity to stimulate technological innovation to sustain economic competitiveness for
Conference Session
Approaches to K -12 Engineering
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming; Dennis Coon, University of Wyoming; Paul Crips, Laramie Middle School; John Pierre, University of Wyoming
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
possibilities for themselves, Wyoming society; and to stimulate and reward excellence in Wyoming schools [Adapted from 1].‚ Engineering Summer Program (ESP): The College of Engineering and the Wyoming Engineering Society, in conjunction with the J. Kenneth & Pat Kennedy Endowment Endowment and the University of Wyoming College of Engineering Hewlett Foundation Engineering Schools of the West Initiative offer high school juniors an opportunity to participate in a summer program of hands-on experiences in various engineering fields. For example, students may design and build a digital circuit, study solutions to an environmental issue, test the aerodynamics of a tennis racket or model rocket, fabricate advanced composite
Collection
Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference
Authors
Pritpal Singh, Villanova University
outcomes criteria. Recent changes to the student outcomesare placing more emphasis on including global, social, and cultural issues into system designconsiderations as well as in teaching students professional and ethical responsibilities [10].This paper describes an ECE capstone project as an exemplar to show how humanitarianengineering opportunities may be brought into undergraduate senior design projects to meetsome of the broader student outcomes while engaging students in meaningful, motivating projectwork.ECE Senior Capstone Project Sequence:The senior capstone design sequence in the ECE department at Villanova university spans threesemesters. The program begins with a proposal development course in the spring semester ofjunior year. In this
Collection
1998 Annual Conference
Authors
Richard M. Felder
counteract this fear, we minimize general educational material that is not clearly linked to the participants’ disciplines, use discipline-specific examples of the strategies and devices we recommend (active and/or cooperative learning, instructional objectives, homework and test construction, or whatever), and avoid “games” (e.g. name- learning icebreakers, brain teasers intended to stimulate creative thinking) that have no apparent connection to the participants’ disciplines.• Include both technical and pedagogical expertise on the workshop facilitation team. Rebecca’s training and professional background are in education and Rich’s are in chemical engineering. Our workshops are better than they would be if either of us
Conference Session
Professional Identity
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Katherine M. Morley; Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shawn S. Jordan, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
AC 2011-850: GENDER AND ENGINEERING: USING PHOTO ELICITA-TION AS A METHOD OF INQUIRYKatherine M. Morley Katherine is an undergraduate student in Aeronautical Engineering at Purdue University. As a member of the Society of Women in Engineering, and a participant in the Women in Engineering Program at Purdue University, she took interest in feminist engineering research. She is particularly interested to learn how engineering is conceptualized and gendered.Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. Alice L. Pawley is an assistant professor in the School of Engineering Education and an affiliate faculty member in the Women’s Studies Program at Purdue University. She has a B.Eng. in Chemical Engineering
Conference Session
NSF Grantees' Poster Session
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jane Hunter, University of Arizona; James C. Baygents, University of Arizona
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
operational planning, project management, and technical sales and marketing. Prior to joining the University, Hunter worked for several companies, including IBM and Anaquest, Inc., as an engineer, engineering manager, technical sales professional, and Director of Informational Technol- ogy. At the University of Arizona, she oversees the freshman engineering experience, which includes the introductory engineering course required of entry-level students. She also teaches undergraduate/graduate courses in the Engineering Management program. She is a member of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society, American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE), Project Management Institute (PMI), and American Society for Engineering
Conference Session
Integrating Research into Teaching
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Marlin Thomas
to counter acts ofterrorism in the design, development and evaluation of systems. Consequently, it is imperativethat the IE curriculum is updated to support this critical need. The objective is to ensure thatsystems design and development decision problems include security in parallel with theimportance of cost, efficiency, and safety. So the question is how do we integrate homelandsecurity into the IE curriculum? The proposed plan for accomplishing this is to selectively infuse homeland security andrelated topics and applications into core courses where it makes sense, and implement a newcourse in security based IE design.4.1 Security Skills for Practicing IE’sThe basic undergraduate core industrial engineering program today ranges
Conference Session
Flaming Moe's Influence: Bio-Inspired STEM Explorations, Hot Stuff!
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jin Yong Kim, University of Michigan; Szu-Tung Chen, University of Michigan; Jacqueline Hannan, University of Michigan; Hannah Larson, University of Michigan; Hyesun Chung, University of Michigan; Tisha Jain, University of Michigan; Maria Fields; Sheryl S Ulin, University of Michigan; Leia Stirling, University of Michigan; X. Jessie Yang, University of Michigan
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)
insight into the exciting possibilities that industrial engineering holds by providing anenvironment where education, exploration, and enjoyment are met. For future summer camps,we plan to change the true/false questions to matching or multiple-choice to capture students’understanding more thoroughly.Conclusions The ENCHANT summer camp successfully introduced middle school students toconcepts in Industrial Engineering and Robotics through interactive learning methods, whichincluded both general topics and current research topics. Participants engaged in four activitiesthat stimulated their curiosity about the field of engineering and discussed complex engineeringconcepts including optimization, robotics, trust in automation, and autonomous
Collection
2017 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
important for undergraduate engineering programs to integrate cross-disciplinary learningactivities into the curriculum. Moreover, the emergence of “big data” across many engineering disciplines has led to the need for training and education related to the collection,management, and analysis of “big data”. We develop an interdisciplinary, active learning module for First-Year Engineering (FYE) programs that combines content from civil, electrical, andcomputer engineering while also familiarizing students with “big data” science. In this learning module, students compare and contrast the challenges of gathering comprehensive and qualitytransportation data through advanced technologies and traditional approaches. Students develop basic computer code
Conference Session
ET Pedagogy II
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Carmen Cioc, University of Toledo; Sorin Cioc, University of Toledo; Richard Arthur Springman, University of Toledo
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
Master of Science (2012) in Physics - Professional in Photovoltaics at the University of Toledo, and her Doctor of Philosophy (2004) in Engineering at the University of Toledo.Dr. Sorin Cioc, University of Toledo Dr. Sorin Cioc is a clinical associate professor and undergraduate program director in the Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME).Prof. Richard Arthur Springman, The University of Toledo c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Introducing ET Students to Ethical Engineering Decision ProcessAbstractThis paper describes the authors’ efforts to introduce ethics in various Engineering Technologycourses, from the freshman-level Orientation
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Engineering Poster
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Marilyn Amey; James S. Fairweather; P. David Fisher
practice of engineering.· It stimulates the improvement of engineering education.· It encourages new and innovative approaches to engineering education and its assessment.· It identifies accredited programs to the public.For purposes of accreditation review, ABET defines an academic program in the context of threeintegrated components—objectives, outcomes and curriculum. The new Criteria for Accrediting Page 7.451.1Engineering Programs—a.k.a., EC2000—encourages institutions and programs to Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright Ó 2002
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 5
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Mercy Folashade Fash, North Carolina A&T State University; Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina A&T State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Professional Papers
participants’ AEC career knowledge,bolstered their self-efficacy, and shaped their outcome expectations. The findings highlight theefficacy of targeted AEC activities within the fAEC-KLM in boosting career knowledge, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations, offering critical insights for developing OST programs thatencourage African American middle school girls to pursue careers in AEC fields. These resultsemphasize the need for such initiatives to reduce the gender gap in STEM and AEC professions,contributing to broader efforts to diversify these vital sectors.Keywords: AEC careers, middle school learning, African American representationIntroduction The underrepresentation of women, particularly African American women, inArchitecture
Conference Session
Concurrent Paper Tracks Session I - Skills Development
Collection
2017 ASEE International Forum
Authors
Daniel Christe, Drexel University; Jay J. Bhatt, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.)
Tagged Topics
Main Forum (Podium Presentation)
Learning in Library Instruction," presented at the ACRL 2015, 2015.[13] M. C. Linn, E. Palmer, A. Baranger, E. Gerard, and E. Stone, "Undergraduate research experiences: Impacts and opportunities," Science, vol. 347, February 6, 2015 2015.[14] A. C. Barnhart and A. Stanfield, "Bridging the information literacy gap: library participation in summer transition programs," Reference Services Review, vol. 41, pp. 201-218, 2013.[15] S. Bebbington and A. Vellino, "Can playing Minecraft improve teenagers' information literacy?," Journal of Information Literacy, vol. 9, pp. 6-26, 12// 2015.[16] J. Beheshti, "Teens, virtual environments and information literacy," Bulletin of the American Society for Information
Conference Session
Raising the Bar and Body of Knowledge
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Stuart Walesh
Page 8.236.12 “Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2003, American Society for Engineering Education”engineering practitioners have the opportunity to enhance their learning and increase theirawareness of the vitality of the profession by participation in additional experienced-basedlearning during formal education. Examples are: cooperative education, internships, summer para-professional employment, and part-time or full-time para-professional employment prior toearning a BS degree. Curricula Design ProjectsThe Committee is searching for existing undergraduate-graduate programs that approximate, interms of
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brian Bielenberg, Khalifa University of Science and Technology; Ali Bouabid, Khalifa University of Science and Technology; Sami Ainane, Khalifa University of Science and Technology
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Bouabid is currently assistant professor in the Industrial and Systems Engineering department at Khalifa University of Science and Technology in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Prior to that, he held a faculty position in the General Studies department at the Petroleum Institute, in Abu Dhabi, UAE, where he taught and was coordinator of freshmen engineering courses (ENGR101 and ENGR110). He also taught Engineer- ing Design courses (STPS201 and STPS251) and Mechanical Engineering course (MEEGG201). Prior to these appointments in the UAE, Dr. Bouabid was associate professor and Engineering Program coordina- tor at Piedmont Virginia Community College (PVCC) from 2006 to 2014, where he contributed to develop the Engineering program and to
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Don Millard
regional, national andinternational level. Specific areas of emphasis include K-12 and Higher Education curriculumand instructional evaluation; technology integration, and distance learning in traditional andworkforce environments.Pilot data will be collected from teachers, faculty, students and museum educators using thematerials in the spring of 2005. The project will additionally be evaluated in several ways. First,student’s success in subsequent course work at the participating institutions (K-12 and college)will be tracked. Second, the lower undergraduate courses will be evaluated by industry andABET evaluators as a part of institutional programs.Interim Conclusions and Future PlansThe pilot project is leveraging historical archives to
Conference Session
Educational & Professional Issues of Strategic Importance to the Civil Engineering Profession and ASCE
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Allen C. Estes, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Stephen J. Ressler P.E., United States Military Academy; Camilla M. Saviz P.E., University of the Pacific; Brock E. Barry, United States Military Academy; Carol L. Considine, Old Dominion University; Dion Coward, American Society of Civil Engineers; Norman D. Dennis Jr. P.E., University of Arkansas; Scott R. Hamilton P.E., York College of Pennsylvania; David S. Hurwitz, Oregon State University; Tanya Kunberger P.E., Florida Gulf Coast University; Thomas A. Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers (Retired); Tonya Lynn Nilsson P.E., Santa Clara University; Leslie Nolen CAE, American Society of Civil Engineers; James J. O'Brien Jr., American Society of Civil Engineers; Robert James O'Neill, Florida Gulf Coast University; David A. Saftner, University of Minnesota, Duluth; Kelly Salyards P.E., Bucknell University; Ronald W. Welch P.E., The Citadel
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
are the principal means of delivering content in ETW. Each of these sessions is taughtby a subject-matter expert to all workshop participants in a single room. Material for the ETWseminars is drawn primarily from references 9,10,11,12 and from the broader peer-reviewedliterature on teaching and learning. With respect to the Model Instructional Strategy, seminarsare used to orient participants to the subject matter, provide learning objectives, andcommunicate basic information. These sessions are also used to stimulate critical thinking,through integrated small-group activities, questioning, and discussions (Figure 6). Figure 6: The ETW seminars provide course content in a manner that is compelling and engaging to
Collection
2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference
Authors
Joseph A. Levert; Andy Grosso
. in 1995 and has grown to a network of 20 participating universities [7]. Another notable organization is Service- Learning Integrated throughout a College of Engineering I. INTRODUCTION (SLICE) which was established by the University of Massachusetts Lowell in 2004 [8] and the AssistiveC APSTONE design projects are an integral part of all ABET accredited undergraduate engineering programs[1]. External sponsorship of design projects has been
Conference Session
STS Perspectives on Engineering Education
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Harold R. Underwood, Messiah College
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
addition to these graded mechanisms, Page 25.1255.9ungraded class discussions were held frequently to help stimulate students thinking in thedirection of the objective stated above, by asking factual and more penetrating discussionquestions and soliciting opinions from among students so as to expose both commonground and controversy.The instructor uses class participation activities such as study/discussion guides on videosand assigned readings to evaluate student participation and engagement with the materialon a basic level. Generally, most students in the class complete the participationactivities, thus make progress on the objective, since many of
Conference Session
Engineering Technology Division Poster Session
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael C. Hatfield, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; Catherine F. Cahill, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; John Monahan, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
(NSF) Experimental Program to Stimulate CompetitiveResearch (EPSCoR) program. The program teaches UAS technology at rural Alaska high schools, andprimarily focuses upon mapping and monitoring near native villages. The term “blanket toss” comesfrom an Eskimo tradition of tossing a hunter into the air to scout distant game. Like the person beingtossed, a UAS provides a higher, broader perspective of their community.The Blanket Toss STEM program began in the spring of 2014 with $750,000 in funding spanning threeyears. Students from the native villages attend Upward Bound classes at the UAF campus during thesummer and learn to operate UAS at the Poker Flat Research Range. During the academic year,students take part in UAS-centered learning
Conference Session
Introducing Sustainability into Engineering Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jean D. MacRae, University of Maine
Tagged Divisions
Environmental Engineering
ofsustainability was chosen to provide relevance to students who were less intrinsically interestedin the environmental field to try to stimulate the caring aspect of Fink’s taxonomy of significantlearning7. The format should also stimulate the interest of visual learners as described by Felder8.A broader description of the environmental economic and socio-cultural elements ofsustainability, evidence of climate change, extinction rates and dead zones, which underscore theneed for change, and the need to approach design in different ways followed. This materialemphasized the need to think broadly about the implications of engineering decisions, considerthe context of a given solution and the need for creativity. Again, the intention of this approachto
Conference Session
ERM Technical Session 14: Thinking about the Engineering Curriculum
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Sarah Appelhans, University at Albany; Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Thomas De Pree, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Soheil Fatehiboroujeni, Indiana-Purdue University; Jennifer Karlin, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Donna M. Riley, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
on our data to answer this question, when asked to reflect on thechanges that have occurred, many interviewees remark that faculty today do pay greater attentionto undergraduate education, and participate in more regular, if not always continuousimprovement efforts both at course and program level. Indeed, individuals from many differentinstitutions, regardless of position or institutional rank, mentioned that conversations in thedepartments and colleges that were stimulated by an ABET visit were helpful. (This said, manyinstitutions still rush to compile their ABET data two to three years before a visit.) Many of thoseinterviewed also admit that curriculum changes, especially at program level, were a moreinfrequent occurrence prior to EC
Conference Session
From Entrepreneurship Education to Market
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James V. Green, University of Maryland, College Park
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
MarylandAbstractLaunched in 2009, the Entrepreneurial Consulting Practicum at the University of Marylandprovides select undergraduate students the opportunity to engage in short-term consultingengagements with a large corporate partner in the region. The program is managed by HinmanCEOs, a program of the Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute (Mtech) in the A. James ClarkSchool of Engineering. The scope of projects addresses engineering and science challenges.At the start of each semester, the corporate client proposes approximately six eight-week longconsulting projects that students may apply to join. Projects are focused on entrepreneurialtopics, to include market assessments, competitive analyses, industry forecasts, and relatedentrepreneurial topics. Each
Conference Session
Engineering Education Research
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Kimberly Barron; Sang Ha Lee; John Wise; Robert Pangborn; Thomas Litzinger
following the completion of their undergraduate education.This instrument was originally distributed in paper form, but was converted to an online versionin 2001, which is now administered via the World Wide Web.2The new expectations regarding formative assessment for engineering program accreditationserved as an additional driver for a change in approach. It simply made sense to reformulate thesurveys so that measures would result that could be used to effect change. The challenge was todesign the new instruments so that the value of comparison with the results of previous surveyswas not lost, while introducing the new content in a way that would not make for a time-consuming and ultimately off-putting format.The most likely candidate for piloting
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Marissa Mary Martine, Rowan University; Lia X. Mahoney, Rowan University; Christina M. Sunbury, Rowan University; John Austin Schneider, Rowan University; Cory Hixson, Colorado Christian University; Cheryl A. Bodnar, Rowan University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
, Colorado Christian University After earning my B.S. in Engineering Science at Penn State University (2007), I began working as an audio-video engineer/designer. I then made a career transition to teach high school physics. Having sparked my love for education, I went back to school to earn my M.S. in Industrial & Systems Engineering (2015) and my Ph.D. in Engineering Education (2016). My first faculty job was at Rowan University in southern New Jersey, where I had the honor of helping develop their first-year engineering and B.S. in Engineering Entrepreneurship programs. I’m now blessed to be at CCU contributing to what God’s doing through our Industrial & Systems Engineering program and university.Dr. Cheryl A
Conference Session
Improving Teaching & Learning
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Patrick Hollis; Namas Chandra; Chiang Shih
from and teach to their own peers, thus developing a horizontal bonding among studentsthat helps create a communal desire for mastery of the material. This practice not only enhancestheir study skills but also changes their attitude toward the overall educational experience.We have practiced the LTT concept in our department recently by implementing the programfrom the sophomore-level “Introduction to ME” class, to the junior-level “Thermal and FluidsLaboratory” class, and to the senior-level technical electives; all with different degrees ofsuccess. Based on our preliminary assessment, most students who have participated in the LTTpractice indicate that the program had a positive impact on their overall learning experience. Webelieve that the
Collection
2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Adam C. Lynch; Amber Williams
graduateengineering students. The Lean course included about 99 students in 18 project teams.2.3 Materials The survey of the Integrated Projects initiative was only offered to the members of thegraduate class. Approximately 1/3 of the students opted to voluntarily participate in the survey.Additionally, 15 students from 2 of the 18 LEAN teams were interviewed to uncover greaterinsights related to their experiences as part of the Integrated Project approach.2.4 Methods2.4.1 Courses © American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference The pilot program for the Integrated Projects initiative was Spring 2023. Four (4)undergraduate courses from the
Conference Session
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joseph A. Wright, University of Wisconsin, Stout
Tagged Divisions
Construction
opportunities for undergraduate programs in construction management to engage incross-curricular efforts to stimulate team building and a broader understanding of theinterrelatedness of construction activities. A suggestion for further research would be thedevelopment of a pilot study to explore ways to further develop such integration.Bibliography1. Young, N.W., Jones, S.A., Bernstein, H.M. & Gudgel, J.E. (2009): The Business Value of BIM: Getting Building Information Modeling to the Bottom Line, McGraw-Hill Construction, New York.2. Dorgan C., (2011). Managing Documents Through the Life of a Project Using Bluebeam PDF Revu, McCarthy Insights that Build, McCarthy Building Companies, Inc., St Louis, Missouri
Conference Session
Track 4 - Session II - Student and Curriculum Development II
Collection
2013 ASEE International Forum
Authors
Jean N. Koster, University of Colorado, Boulder
Tagged Topics
Student and Curriculum Development
they wouldn’thave considered on their own. Online tools create a short-term collective memory where ideascan be rapidly improved by many minds.” Industry has top level program goals that may requiremultinational team work and the synergistic support structure of extremely large teams where noone person understands all the systems of systems in detail.There is a growing trend of global, multi-company collaboration within the aerospacecommunity. With the growing maturity of information technology and ever-increasingcomplexity of modern engineering and education, many parent companies form partnershipswith specialty teams in order to facilitate rapid development across all subsystems of a project.For example, the Boeing Company purchases roughly
Conference Session
Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Belle W. Y. Wei, San José State University; Patricia R Backer, San José State University; Wenchiang Richard Chung, San José State University; Andrew F. Wood, San José State University
Tagged Divisions
International
Engineering (emphasis in Biomedical Engineering), 2 inIndustrial and System Engineering, and 1in Mechanical Engineering. All participants, except onegraduate student majoring in English, were undergraduate students; most of them were juniorsand seniors.4. Pre-trip student preparationThe GTI program, for the first four years, included a one-unit pre-trip acculturation course forthe participants. Between 2004 and 2008, the GTI students participated in a one-unit course priorto the trip. Assessment of the students from the GTI 2008 trip indicated that the one-unit courseon India failed to prepare GTI fellows for their trip to India. Therefore, beginning with the GTI2009 program, we increased the scope of the preparatory course from one to three units