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Displaying results 421 - 450 of 23128 in total
Conference Session
INT. Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, Partnerships, and Implementations
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James L. Barnes, James Madison University; Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Susan Kubic Barnes, James Madison University
Tagged Divisions
International
Paper ID #7058Developing Innovation Capabilities and Competencies for Undergraduate En-gineering and Technology EducationDr. James L. Barnes, James Madison University Dr. James L. Barnes is a professor of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University (JMU) and co-principal of Barnes Technologies International, LLC (BTILLC). He has over thirty-five years of experience in science and technology fields and has been the independent evaluator for many international programs. Prior to joining the JMU faculty, Dr. Barnes was the Director of NASA RISE, a NASA research institute at Eastern Michigan University
Conference Session
Innovative Hands-On Projects and Labs
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Jennifer Kadlowec
Session 1368 Combining Laboratory Innovation and a Design Experience into Tools for Mechanics Jennifer Kadlowec, Frank Brown, Aditya Chaubal, Joe Plitz, Michael Resciniti, Paris von Lockette, Eric Constans, Beena Sukumaran, Douglas Cleary Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028AbstractHands-on laboratories and the engineering design process are valuable experiences by which toenhance undergraduate engineering education. This paper discusses the integration of an NSFsponsored Course, Curriculum and Laboratory Innovation project, the
Conference Session
Progress in Manufacturing Education I
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
George M. Graham P.E., Chattanooga State Community College; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
AC 2012-3166: INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF CLASSROOM RESPONSEDEVICES IN MANUFACTURING EDUCATIONDr. George M. Graham P.E., Chattanooga State Community College George M. Graham Graham is the Director of the Wacker Institute and Department Head of Chemi- cal, Manufacturing, and Industrial & Systems Engineering Technology at Chattanooga State Community College. He was previously an Assistant Professor in the Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Technology at Tennessee Technological University. Prior to his academic appointment, he held Director, Manager, engineering, and research positions in automotive manufacturing and construction industries. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Conference Session
Curriculum Development
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shamsnaz Virani, Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley; Iris B. Burnham, Da Vinci School for Science and the Arts
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
AC 2012-3326: INNOVATIVE CURRICULUM FOR ENGINEERING INHIGH SCHOOL (ICE-HS): STATUS UPDATEDr. Shamsnaz Virani, Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley Shamsnaz S. Virani, Assistant Professor of Systems Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley, earned her Ph.D.in industrial and systems engineering from the University of Alabama, Huntsville. She also holds a M.S. in human factors engineering from Wright State University and a B.S. in electrical engineering from The University of Pune, India. Prior to joining Penn State, Virani worked with the Research Institute for Manufacturing and Engineering Systems at the University of Texas, El Paso. She was also a Visiting Assistant Professor at the
Conference Session
Innovative Learning, Comparative Learning Analysis, and Lessons Learned
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Edmundo Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Mercedes de la Cámara, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Javier Saenz, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Manuel Castro, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
Tagged Divisions
International
AC 2012-5093: INNOVATIVE LEARNING EXPERIENCES IN A TECHNI-CAL UNIVERSITY USING OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESProf. Edmundo Tovar, Universidad Politcnica de Madrid Edmundo Tovar, computer engineering educator, has a Ph.D. (1994) and a bachelor’s degree (1986) in computer engineering from the Universidad Politcnica de Madrid (UPM). He is Certified Software De- velopment Professional (CSDP) from the IEEE Computer Society. He is Associate Dean for Quality and Strategic Planning in the Computing School of the Universidad Politcnica de Madrid. From this last po- sition, he is in charge of the training for academic staff, the introduction of innovative solutions including new pedagogies, new approaches that improve student
Conference Session
The Best of Design in Engineering Education
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nicole Genco, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; Katja Holtta-Otto, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; Carolyn Conner Seepersad, University of Texas, Austin
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
AC 2010-1221: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE INNOVATIONCAPABILITIES OF ENGINEERING STUDENTSNicole Genco, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Nicole is a graduate student in Mechanical Engineering at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.Katja Holtta-Otto, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Katja is an assistant professor of Mechanical Engineering at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.Carolyn Conner Seepersad, University of Texas, Austin Page 15.151.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 An Experimental Investigation of the Innovation Capabilities of
Conference Session
Construction Classroom Development
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Namhun Lee, East Carolina University; Eddy Rojas, University of Washington
Tagged Divisions
Construction
AC 2010-1243: INNOVATIVE AND TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNINGENVIRONMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENTEDUCATIONNamhun Lee, East Carolina UniversityEddy Rojas, University of Washington Page 15.740.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Innovative and Transformative Learning Environments in Construction Engineering and Management EducationAbstractMost of today’s students have grown up with technology including computers, theInternet, video games, digital recorders or players, and mobile phones.Consequently, it can be argued these students are fundamentally different fromprevious generations in how they learn. Today’s students prefer instantly seeing
Conference Session
Methods, Techniques and New Programs in Graduate Education
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Dyrenfurth, Purdue University; Mike Murphy, Dublin Institute of Technology; Gary Bertoline, Purdue University; Robert Herrick, Purdue University; Gareth O'Donnell, Dublin Institute of Technology; Kathryne Newton, Purdue University; Nuria Castell, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Miquel Barcelo, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Didac Balas, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Maria Ribera Sancho, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Donal McHale, Dublin Institute of Technology; Jordi Garcia, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
, 2010 Concurrent Technology Masters Degrees Across the Atlantic: Innovations, Issues & Insights1IntroductionAtransatlantic degree consortium to implement a four-semester dual masters degree initiativeacross a three-institution consortium consisting of Purdue University (USA), the Dublin Instituteof Technology (DIT), and the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain) is presented in thispaper. This initiative, while focusing on graduate (Masters) student mobility, also includesfaculty mobility, language instruction and assessment, project evaluation and other services toinsure ongoing success. Effective existing collaborations, i.e., an active undergraduate exchangesemester and collaborative faculty
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship and Design
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Wells, North Dakota State University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
AC 2010-32: A MODEL FOR INTEGRATING ENTREPRENEURIALINNOVATION INTO AN ENGINEERING CAPSTONEDavid Wells, North Dakota State University David L. Wells has been Professor of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering at North Dakota State University since January 2000. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in process engineering and production engineering systems design and in product innovation and entrepreneurialism. His instruction is characterized by heavy reliance upon project-based, design-centric learning. Course projects are drawn from real industrial applications with real industrial constraints, often interactive with a corporate sponsor. Students are challenged to design
Conference Session
Exporting of Higher Education to Developing Countries
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Russel Jones, World Expertise LLC
Tagged Divisions
International
global warming. In addition, theoil supply in producing countries will run out someday, in many cases in less than 100years.In particular, several such countries are focusing on diversifying to “knowledge-basedeconomies”, by developing higher education programs that will provide the humancapacity to initiate and support such new economic thrusts. Total spending by the GulfCooperation Council countries on education in 2008 exceeds their $20-billion in armspurchases from the United States.This paper describes education initiatives in the Persian Gulf region aimed attransforming national economies through education, research and innovation. It alsoreviews the efforts of several US engineering schools which have entered intopartnerships with
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kemper Lewis, State University of New York, Buffalo; Kevin Hulme, State University of New York, Buffalo; Edward Kasprzak, Milliken Research Associates; Deborah Moore-Russo, State University of New York, Buffalo; Puneet Singla, State University of New York, Buffalo; Kenneth English, State University of New York, Buffalo
AC 2010-1641: TEACHING AUTOMOBILE, FLIGHT AND SYSTEM DYNAMICSUSING INNOVATIVE MOTION SIMULATION EXPERIMENTSKemper Lewis, State University of New York, BuffaloKevin Hulme, State University of New York, BuffaloEdward Kasprzak, Milliken Research AssociatesDeborah Moore-Russo, State University of New York, BuffaloPuneet Singla, State University of New York, BuffaloKenneth English, State University of New York, Buffalo Page 15.1168.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Teaching Automobile, Flight, and System Dynamics Using Innovative Motion Simulation ExperimentsAbstractThis paper discusses the design and extension of a set of motion
Conference Session
Topics in Mechanical ET
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Saeed Foroudastan
Session 2547 Overcoming Problems in Mechanical Engineering Technology Education through Innovative Projects Saeed D. Foroudastan, Ph.D., Associate Professor Engineering Technology and Industrial Studies Department Middle Tennessee State UniversityAbstractTwo of the biggest problems facing mechanical engineering technology programs areretaining freshmen students and adequately preparing graduating seniors for the realworld. The reasons for these problems are simple. Freshmen students often becomefrustrated early in their college careers because they have to take so many classes yet
Conference Session
DEED Poster Session
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Hassan Hassan
Creativity and Innovation for Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Hassan Hassan, PhD, PE Lawrence Technological University 21000 W. Ten Mile Road Southfield, Michigan 48075 AbstractThis paper introduces simple approaches to integrate creativity and innovation in the classroom.This in turn will help Electrical and Computer Engineering students to develop new ideas and tosolve complex problems. The main objective of this paper is to help students and practicingengineers to improve their creativity and
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Programs and Courses Session 5
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael (Mick) J. Bates, Waynesburg University; Donald Ken Takehara, Taylor University; Hank D. Voss, Taylor University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Paper ID #9554Engineers, Entrepreneurs and Innovation at a Liberal Arts UniversityDr. Michael (Mick) J. Bates, Waynesburg University Dr. Mick Bates is the Founding Program Chair and Associate Professor for Business Administration at Life Pacific College. As the Director of the Innovative Enterprises Program at Taylor University for 8 years, his primary charter was to imbue the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship inside and outside of campus. Over the years he has fostered student innovation and entrepreneurship opportunities in the classroom and through a host of extracurricular activities such as a statewide
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge; Dale S. Deardorff, Rocky Peak Leadership Center
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Paper ID #10735An Implementation of Innovative Thinking in The Entrepreneurship Cur-riculum for EngineersDr. S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge Dr.S. Jimmy Gandhi is an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge and is also The Director of The Ernie Schaffer Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Dr.Gandhi teaches classes and has research interests in entrepreneurship, lean thinking, quality management, six sigma, project management and sustainability. Prior to coming to Cal State University, Northridge, Dr. Gandhi taught at The City University of New York and also at The Stevens
Conference Session
Innovative Teaching Techniques in the Classroom
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Goli Nossoni, Manhattan College
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Paper ID #8759An innovative way to teach sustainability in Civil engineering Material ClassDr. Goli Nossoni, Manhattan College Dr. Goli Nossoni specializes in the area of civil engineering structures and materials she has worked in multidisciplinary research laboratory. Her research recently expanded to include innovative green and recycled materials. She taught the Civil Engineering Materials course the last two years, and has tried to encourage her students to think critically about the environmental impact of the materials they use and be more creative. She recently has received an EPA-P3 grant for a multidisciplinary
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Research Technical Session 7
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Philip M. Reeves, The Pennsylvania State University; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Elizabeth C. Kisenwether, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; D. Jake Follmer, The Pennsylvania State University; Jessica Menold, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Paper ID #9494Assessment of a New University-Wide Entrepreneurship and Innovation Mi-norMr. Philip M Reeves, The Pennsylvania State University Philip Reeves is a graduate student in the Educational Psychology Department at Penn State. He is work- ing with faculty to evaluate a new university-wide entrepreneurship and innovation minor as a graduate assistant for the Leonhard Center for Enhancement of Engineering Education.Dr. Sarah E Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Dr. Sarah Zappe is Research Associate and Director of Assessment and Instructional Support in the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Paul D. Mathis, Purdue University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
Paper ID #9564CAREER: A Study of How Engineering Students Approach InnovationDr. Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette S¸enay Purzer an Assistant Professor in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. In 2011, she received a NSF CAREER award, which examines how engineering students approach innovation. She is also a NAE/CASEE New Faculty Fellow. Purzer conducts research on aspects of design education such as innovation and information literacy.Mr. Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University, West Lafayette Nicholas D. Fila is a Ph.D. student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division New Ideas Session 1
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christy L. Bozic, Purdue University; Nathan W. Hartman, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Paper ID #9349Case-Based Instruction for Innovation Education in Engineering and Tech-nologyChristy L. Bozic, Purdue University Christy Bozic is the Director of Workforce and STEM Education for the College of Technology at Pur- due University in West Lafayette, Indiana. In this role, she leads interdisciplinary workforce education initiatives for the Indiana Next Generation Manufacturing Competitiveness Center. She has worked in university engagement and technology transfer for the Purdue Technical Assistance Program and Purdue College of Technology Statewide. Prior to joining Purdue, Bozic has been a small business owner
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University; Daniel Michael Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University and Central Queensland University; Jessica Menold, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
Paper ID #9372Collaborative Research: Identifying and Assessing Key Factors of Engineer-ing InnovativenessDr. Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette S¸enay Purzer an Assistant Professor in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. In 2011, she received a NSF CAREER award, which examines how engineering students approach innovation. She is also a NAE/CASEE New Faculty Fellow. Purzer conducts research on aspects of design education such as innovation and information literacy.Dr. Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University Dr. Kathryn Jablokow is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
impacts of different factors on ideation of designers and engineers, developing instructional materials for 77 cards, and designing innovation workshops for students without design or engineering background and teaching them design thinking methodologies. She received her PhD degree in Design Science in 2010 from University of Michigan. She is also a faculty in Human Computer Interaction Graduate Program and a research faculty in Center for e-Design.Dr. Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan Shanna Daly is an Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Assistant Professor in the College of Engi- neering at the University of Michigan. She has a B.E. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Dayton and a Ph.D. in
Conference Session
New Course Development Concepts in ET II
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
J. William White AIA, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Veto Matthew Ray, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Dan D. Koo, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
research and professional activities are primarily focused on heavy civil infrastructure system, underground infrastruc- ture system management and development, trenchless engineering, and sustainability. Dr. Koo received a Ph. D in Civil and Environmental Engineering and MS in Construction Management at Arizona State University in 2007 and 2003 respectively; and a BE degree in Civil Engineering in 1999. Page 24.756.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Innovation in construction: New course development within a construction
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Programs and Courses Session 5
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yan Xu, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Hua Li, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Kai Jin, Texas A&M University, Kingsville
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
includes project based learning, integrating entrepreneur- ship thinking in engineering curriculum, engineering education for women, and improving students’ en- gagement through engineering minors. She has served as PI or Co-PI in granted projects from DOEd, DHS, NRC, and HP with totally more than $3M. She also conducts research in wind energy, sustainable manufacturing, and optimization and simulation. Page 24.758.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Innovative STEM-Preneur Learning Modules for Freshman Robotic Engineering Class1
Conference Session
Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs II
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
MD B. Sarder, University of Southern Mississippi
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
technology education research. He has published a book and more than fifty articles in various areas of industrial engineering including K-12 research. He is actively involved with professional society activities including IIE and ASEE. He is the editor in chief of the International Journal of Logistics & Transportation Research and serving in the editorial board for several other journals. Page 24.760.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Innovative Uses of Classroom Tools & Technologies to Foster Students
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division New Ideas Session 1
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James V. Green, University of Maryland, College Park; Alyssa E. Cohen Sherman, University of Maryland
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Paper ID #9305Leveraging MOOCs to bring entrepreneurship and innovation to everyoneon campusDr. James V Green, University of Maryland, College Park Dr. James V. Green leads the education activities of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute (Mtech) as the Director of Entrepreneurship Education with responsibilities for designing and teaching undergrad- uate and graduate courses in entrepreneurship and technology commercialization, leading seed funding programs, and managing residential entrepreneurship programs for students. In 2011, he earned first prize in the 3E Learning Innovative Entrepreneurship Education
Conference Session
ET Curriculum & Design Issues
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Rafael Obregon; Kevin Hall
WEB-BASED VISUALIZATION: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO PROVIDING TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION Kevin W. Hall, Rafael Obregón Engineering Technology, Western Illinois UniversityAbstractFor some time, computer graphics and illustrations have been used to convey informationbetween customers and suppliers and between teachers and students. Procedures and tools usedto convey information have dramatically changed. However, one idea has not: Graphicalinformation can be interpreted more quickly and more accurately than information transmittedthrough written or spoken language.Today, there is an increasing demand for visualization tools in both manufacturing andeducation. Visualization is
Conference Session
EM Skills and Real World Concepts
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Stanton Cort; Gary Wnek
Product and Process Design and Delivery: Invention Through to Innovation Gary E. Wnek1 and Stanton G. Cort2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering 2 Department of Marketing and Policy Studies The Institute for Management and Engineering (TiME) Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio 44106 AbstractMany product/process design courses, including ours, focus heavily on ideas like thestage-gate and quality function deployment as their conceptual foundation. It is clear thateffective realization
Conference Session
Interdisciplinary Education
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Seth Bates; Patricia Backer
Introduction to Product Design and Innovation: A Cross-Disciplinary MiniCurriculum Patricia Ryaby Backer and Seth Bates San Jose State UniversityAbstractFor the past two years, faculty at San Jose State University (SJSU) have implemented a three-semester minicurriculum in Product Design and Manufacturing. The project follows the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model and is central to the Certificate Program in Product Design in theMechanical Engineering Department, the Manufacturing Systems concentration in theDepartment of Aviation and Technology, and the Industrial Design Program in the School of Artand Design. Students in the three courses in
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Engineering Program Innovation
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Akhlesh Lakhtakia; Christine Masters; Judith Todd
INNOVATIONS IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING PROGRAMS: FOCUS ON MULTILEVEL COMMUNICATION SKILLS Judith A. Todd, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, and Christine B. Masters Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-6812AbstractMultidisciplinary engineering programs are uniquely positioned to integrate new educational andresearch initiatives into their curricula. In this paper, we describe an integrated series ofcontinuing innovations in the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, College ofEngineering at The Pennsylvania State University. These
Conference Session
IP, Incubation, and Business Plans
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Robert Matthews; Morteza Sadat-Hossieny; Mark Rajai
Session# Development of a Virtual Center for Product innovation and Commercialization Mark Rajai, Morteza Sadat-Hossieny Northern Kentucky University Robert Matthews University of LouisvilleAbstractIt is estimated that nearly 90% of all new businesses fail within the first five years. Failure ofthese businesses is often contributed to poor planning and management of the company.Although there is help available for new businesses, it is often very basic and not enough toassist