Conference Session

Socially Responsible Engineering I: Context, Innovation, and Reflection

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rider W. Foley, University of Virginia; Rachel Sinclair, University of Virginia; Araba Dennis, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

-Occurrence. Excerpts that were coded with two or more thematic codes were analyzed for the co-occurrence ofcodes. Please note that the name of the thematic code is written in the left-hand column, while an alphabetical letter is used in thecolumn. The codes are listed across the top in the same (mirrored) order as they are listed on the left-hand side. Blue indicates low co-occurrence (1-5 co-occurrences), while green indicates medium (6-15 co- occurrences) and red signals the most frequent co-occurrence (>15 co-occurrences). Qualitative findings The most frequently applied thematic code was commitment to problem solving and thatwas associated with an approach to engineering that depends upon using math and science tobreak down

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Cassandra M. Birrenkott, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Karim Heinz Muci-Kuchler, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Mark David Bedillion, Carnegie Mellon University; Marsha Lovett, Carnegie Mellon University; Laura Ochs Pottmeyer, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

Paper ID #33445Evaluation of Targeted Systems Thinking and Systems EngineeringAssessments in a Freshmen-Level Mechanical Engineering CourseDr. Cassandra M. Birrenkott, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Dr. Cassandra (Degen) Birrenkott received her B.S. degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in 2007. She received her Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering in 2012 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, studying mechanochemical reactions of a spiropyran mechanophore in polymeric materials under shear loading. She is currently an Assistant

Conference Session

ETD Green Energy/Sustainability

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Gurau P.E., Kent State University, Tuscarawas Campus

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

applications. Hands-on experience is emphasized in project andlaboratory sessions in which students practice the installation, operation, maintenance andservicing wind and solar systems or learn to operate and characterize fuel cell performance. Alongwith renewable energy specific courses, students are offered courses in ManufacturingTechnology, Automated Manufacturing, Materials and Processes or Engineering TechnologyProject in which they are exposed among others to manufacturing technologies of fuel cellmaterials, components, stacks and systems.Students in this major participate in related research projects such as the design and demonstrationof robotic technology for an automated assembly of fuel cell stacks; the design and demonstrationof a

Conference Session

Computers and Software in Teaching Mathematics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zohra Manseur, SUNY Oswego; Adrian Ieta, SUNY Oswego; Rachid Manseur, SUNY-Oswego

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

.Typically, freshman engineering students are challenged by more complex material delivered ata faster rate than what they experienced in high school. In general, weak pre-college problemsolving skills and inadequate study habits4 hinder the success of students in engineering classes.Therefore, one of the biggest challenges in engineering education is freshmen’s low proficiencyin mathematics5. In response to the increasing need to broaden and increase math proficiency forengineering students, it has been proposed that a 2-3 years extension of engineering educationbeyond undergraduate studies offers the chance of reaching adequate math and engineeringgoals6. However, it is clear that adding more mathematics content without increasing therequired

Conference Session

Educating Students for Professional Success

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Burrows, The University of Cincinnati; Anant Kukreti, The University of Cincinnati; Mike Borowczak, The University of Cincinnati; Amr Safwat, The University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

with two mathematics teachers and twoscience teachers. Each Fellow creates and implements major lessons that span a few days to afew weeks for each teacher. All of the Fellow products (lesson plans, worksheets, pre/post tests,PowerPoints, posters, etc…) are available to the public on our website (www.eng.uc.edu/STEPclick on lessons). A small sample of the 120 + lessons that have been created, implemented, andmade available via the web include: Foul Water (environmental engineering), ComputerEvolution (computer science engineering), Earthquakes (civil engineering), Food for Thought(chemical engineering), Polymers (materials engineering), Range of Motion (biomedicalengineering), Blast Off (aeronautical engineering), Electromagnetic Induction

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Gloria Guohua Ma, Wentworth Institute of Technology; David E. Perkins, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Theodore Greene, Wentworth Institute of Technology; John Peter Voccio, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

challenges of the virtual/in personlabs. Student's feedback was collected to reflect their overall lab experience in this special time.1. Introduction and BackgroundLabs are a vital component to learn engineering disciplines, since hands-on labs reinforce thetheory that the students learned in lecture. With the development of modern technology,universities are changing from face-to-face education to remote web-based learning. However, itis a challenge to bring hands-on labs online due to the complexity of the labs, which includevarious equipment, materials, and resources. Setting up a web‐system for e‐education requires asignificant amount of time, as well as the necessity of having a computer and other resources.Especially due to COVID-19, most

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

A. J. Marchese; Robert P. Hesketh; T. R. Chandrupatla; Ralph A. Dusseau; John L. Schmalzel; Kauser Jahan; C. Stewart Slater

University are introduced to engineering designthrough a series of hands-on engineering laboratories and design projects. The objective is toinvolve them in incrementally progressive design experiences. For example, students design amodified flashlight switch, a complete flashlight, undertake the design of proof-of-conceptexperiments, and finish with a system-level design of an environmentally friendly coffeemachine. Thus, the freshman design experience at Rowan specifically avoids “gimmicky”competitions and focuses instead on the design of real engineering devices such as flashlightsand coffee machines. In order to achieve this focus, freshman students must be exposed to avariety of engineering principles, experimental methods, and design tools not

Conference Session

Computer Engineering Topics

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald J. Hayne, The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

the multi-tasking capabilities of the expanded system. Hardwareprototyping using an FPGA provides hands-on experience that can’t be obtained by simulationalone.Student feedback was collected from the Student Evaluation of Learning survey, using a five-point Likert scale: 1. Strongly Disagree (SD), 2. Disagree (D), 3. Undecided (U), 4. Agree (A),5. Strongly Agree (SA), Number of Responses (N). The results are very positive and shown inFigure 8. Student Evaluation of Learning SD D U A SA N Mean My ability to identify, formulate, and 0 0 0 0 4 4 5.0 solve complex engineering problems by applying principles of engineering, science, and mathematics has

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard J. Reid

se, as was previously emphasized.The course includes sections on document preparation, worksheets, matrix mathematics andVisual Basic, but the emphasis is on the mathematics and science as they support engineeringdesign.IntroductionStudents come to this technical computing course usually as first or second semester freshmen.The course is required for or elected by most Engineering College students, and is completed byabout 400 students each semester.The prerequisite mathematics background is only college algebra. Other mathematics, includingmatrix algebra and linear recurrence relations, is introduced as needed for laboratory exercises.Numerical evaluations of distance, speed and acceleration are encountered and the relation toderivatives of

Conference Session

New Programs and Success Stories

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Scott Grasman

, pedagogical materials for use in introductory, core, and advanced classes for undergraduate, graduate, and executive education in business, information systems, and engineering. • a data warehouse of simulated, “real-world” information over a series of years that can be used to stimulate research and the development of new ideas.Curriculum DevelopmentSeveral resources highlight the need to effectively use modern technology to gain moreproductive and rewarding undergraduate science, mathematics, engineering, and technologyeducation1,2. In addition to the growth of information technology, the importance of hands-onpractice and active learning has been highlighted in various resources3,4. The creation of theUMVE provides

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Guy, University of Texas at Arlington; Alan Bowling, University of Texas at Arlington; Panayiotis S. Shiakolas, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

trilab, a triple access mode (hands-on, virtual, remote) laboratory, of a process control rig using labview and joomla. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 21(4):614–626, 2013. [3] E. A. Akl, K. M. Sackett, W. S. Erdley, R. A. Mustafa, M. Fiander, C. Gabriel, and H. Schunemann. Educational games for health professionals. Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, 1, 2013. [4] Susan Ambrose, Barbara Lazarus, and Indira Nair. No universal constants: Journeys of women in engineering and computer science. Journal of Engineering Education, 87(4):363–368, 1998. [5] J. Ashworth and L. J. Evans. Modeling student subject choice at secondary and tertiary level: A cross-section study. Journal of Economic Education, 32(4):311

Conference Session

Innovative and Nontraditional Curriculum in IT/IET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Higley, Purdue University, Calumet; Gregory Neff, Purdue University, Calumet; Akram Hossain, Purdue University, Calumet; Masoud Fathizadeh, Purdue University, Calumet; Mohammad Zahraee, Purdue University, Calumet; Shoji Nakayama, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

ignored by higher education. A review of the affiliated programs shows adiverse group of technical schools, community colleges, and universities. The associate leveltechnology programs affiliated with PMMI, usually using the word Mechatronics in theirdescription, seem to concentrate on training packaging machinery operators, mechanics, andsupport personnel. Mechatronics is a well established field of study in Europe and Canada. Theuniversity programs often titled Packaging Science, concentrate on package and container designincluding packaging material properties, printing, graphics, and their effect on marketingproduct. However, packaging machinery design and manufacture, the subject of this paper, havenot been the focus of U.S. engineering and

Conference Session

Student Engagement in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Rizkalla, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; MIchael Knieser, ILSI; Mohamed El-Sharkawy, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

latest information for a rapidly changing domestic industry. Engineering 2020 concerns designing an engineering curriculum that grows to meet or exceed current and future demands. This is based on vision, values, variability, knowledge and awareness of the inherent worth of people [1]. In this work, we describe a state-of-the-art, multidisciplinary undergraduate course in electronic manufacturing that satisfy elements from engineering 2020 objectives. The course integrates knowledge from different technologies with application in life sciences. The course incorporates four technology processes: ASIC, PCB, FPGA, and MEMS into engineering application. Indiana Life Sciences Inc. located at Indianapolis, Indiana, will be hosting the manufacturing

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering: Curricula and Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Abrams, Ohio State University; James William Altschuld, Ohio State University; Blaine W. Lilly, Ohio State University; Daniel A. Mendelsohn, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

to filling the gap betweenthe first- and the last-year design experience. This course is also intended to be an introductionto the whole discipline of mechanical engineering. Students will be exposed to mechanicaldesign, fluids and thermal sciences, dynamic systems and controls, and motivate them for latercourses in these areas. Students will also be expected to gain proficiency in data acquisitionsystems, CAD/CAM software and other common computing programs, as well as to sharpentheir oral presentation and written skills.Developing a hands-on Mechanical Engineering sophomore level course is not necessarilyrevolutionary as there are many schools are starting to focus on retention in the sophomore year.Villanova University1, Georgia Tech2

Conference Session

Best Zone Paper Competition

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Hunter, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dwayne Henclewood, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Mshadoni Smith, Georgia Institute of Technology; Laurie Garrow, Georgia Institute of Technology; Angshuman Guin, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Council of Sections

. Usselman is Associate Director for Academic Outreach at the Center for Education Integrating Science, Mathematics and Computing (CEISMC) at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Marion received her B.A. in biophysics from the University of California, San Diego, and her Ph.D. in biophysics from Johns Hopkins University. She focuses on K-12 educational reform, university-K-12 partnerships, and equity issues in education.Dwayne Henclewood, Georgia Institute of Technology Mr. Dwayne Henclewood is a Ph.D. student at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His current research interest is in arterial performance evaluation and microscopic traffic simulation. Prior obtaining his M.S. in Civil Engineering from

Conference Session

Exploring Retention

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian DeJong, Central Michigan University; Kumar Yelamarthi, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

. That is, students in EGR120 are not seen again in the engineering programuntil their second year.The ET department lies within the College of Science and Technology, yet EGR120 drawsstudents from around the university who are interested in engineering, technology, or just afun design project. The course is offered both semesters and has no prerequisites, although itrecommends Intermediate Algebra or higher. The syllabus covers introductory material suchas the engineering profession, problem solving, measurement and units, ethics, economics,and basic mechanical and electrical concepts. Traditionally, the course includes one largegroup design project of either a cardboard boat race in the fall semester or a robot King-of-the-Hill competition in

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Barke

these contexts (Vanderburg, 1999). Thesocial science and humanities departments at many universities are equally insular; courses on“technology and society” or “ethics and engineering” are usually taught by faculty who makeno effort to talk with engineers or gain first-hand knowledge of technological development.The concept of instruction (“objectivism”) that assumed that students were empty vessels,waiting to be filled with the knowledge that was stored in professors and disciplines, was firstput forward in the mid-1600's by Johann Comenius. But Lyotard, even before the World WideWeb, foresaw a change: “As long as the game is not a game of perfect information, theadvantage will be with the player who has knowledge and can obtain information

Conference Session

Student Teams & Active Learning

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven Zemke; Jennifer Beller; Donald Elger

participate.In addition, it can be unclear when creating a cooperative educational event for engineeringclasses whether it will work as planned. Our question is: “What are the important design features when tailoring cooperative educational events for engineering classes?”We designed and applied fifteen distinct cooperative learning events while teaching anundergraduate materials science course of twenty-five students. Three separate instruments wereused to collect student perceptions of the learning events and the data was then triangulated todetermine and verify trends. The first instrument was a student survey immediately followingeach event to collect “snapshot” perceptions. The second instrument was an end of term activityin which each

Conference Session

Engineering Without Borders Programs Involving Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bernard Amadei, University of Colorado-Boulder; Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado-Boulder; R. Scott Summers, University of Colorado-Boulder; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado-Boulder

Tagged Divisions

International

University of Colorado at Boulder College of Engineering and Applied Science havethe opportunity to participate in a unique, hands-on program where they can apply their skills tosolving the needs of developing communities worldwide. The Engineering for DevelopingCommunities (EDC) program educates globally responsible engineering students and professionalswho can offer sustainable and appropriate solutions to the endemic problems faced by developingcommunities worldwide. It presents a unique opportunity for educating a new generation ofengineers who can contribute to the relief of the endemic problems faced by developingcommunities worldwide. The program contributes to meeting the United Nations MillenniumDevelopment Goals and involves all three

Conference Session

Problem- and Project-Based Learning

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abeera P. Rehmat, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marissa Christina Owens, University of Nevada - Las Vegas; Jasmine Choi, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

corroborated with their comments. For all nine survey questions, students had ahigher percentage of agreement with the positive statements concerning engineering andtechnology. The percentage of students that disagreed with the statements was still less than theoverall percentage that agreed. For half of the questions, all 12 students completely agreed withthe statements in the post-survey.DiscussionThe results of this study contribute to the effectiveness of PBL pedagogy as a means to engagestudents in engineering learning. Several findings are clear. First, the added level of design andengineering provided students with a hands-on approach to learning science while engaging themin the engineering design process. Students mimicked field professionals

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Chad A. B. Wilson

processes. According tothis study, students learn by way of integrating new knowledge with old knowledge.Learning is about processing and analyzing material, not just absorbing it: as Brittonsays, “Right answers are usually to be achieved by repeating the words of others—thetextbook, or the notes, or the dictionary—and they may not make any demands on thepupil’s ability to understand, explain, interpret and generalize for himself.”3 A futureengineer who learns that v=d/t, for example, has not learned how to put this knowledge to“practical use,” as Florman says engineers must do. It is not until a student can“understand, explain, interpret, and generalize for himself” that that student can begin toput knowledge to use.Britton’s work is an integral

Conference Session

Technical Session 5b

Collection

2017 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Thomas Rebold, Monterey Peninsula College; Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Erik N Dunmire, College of Marin; Nicholas Langhoff, Skyline College; Tracy Huang, Canada College

Tagged Topics

Pacific Southwest Section

Northern California collaborated to develop resourcesenabling four laboratory-based engineering classes (Intro, Graphics, Circuits, and Materials) tobe performed in a remote, online setting, or with limited face-to-face interactions. Funded by agrant from the National Science Foundation Improving Undergraduate STEM Educationprogram (NSF IUSE), this work builds on prior efforts to provide online access to the lecture-only engineering classes in the lower-division transfer pattern, while also seeking to improve theefficacy of community college engineering programs facing challenges with staffing, scheduling,and fluctuating enrollments. This paper presents results from a second implementation of a one-unit Engineering Circuits Laboratory class

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Novoselich, United States Military Academy; Bobby Crawford, United States Military Academy; Erica Young, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. Williamson, C., J.T. Bernhard, and K. Chamberlain. “Perspectives on an Internet-Based Synchronous DistanceLearning Experience.” Journal of Engineering Education, January 2000, pp. 53-61.11. Pallant, Julie. “SPSS Survival Manual.” Open University Press 2001 pp. 180-181.12. Shannon, David M. and Davenport, Mark A. “Using SPSS To Solve Statistical Problems, A Self-InstructionGuide.”Merrill Prentice Hall, New Jersey 2001. pp. 203-218.13. Devore, Jay L. “Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences.” Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove,California, 1991 pp. 337-34514. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysisprogram for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Endeavors: Engineering, Art and Society

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Cristián Eduardo Vargas-Ordóñez P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Morgan M. Hynes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

considered that engineering consists of adopting a problem-solving mentality based onhypothesis and rigor. Also, the final objective of engineering relies on "crear situaciones que nos ayudan,como humanos, a enfrentar a la naturaleza o a poder mejorar como especie o nuestra vida" [createsituations that help us, as humans, to face nature or to improve as a species or our lives] (Prof. G.-E),building products and understanding how they work (Prof. D.-LA) and constructing physical andtechnological interphases between humans and the world (Prof. J.-LA), using the right materials (Prof.Y.-LA). Engineering is transmitted as a doctrine related to specific knowledge in science and technology(Prof. S.-LA) through a language that allows effective

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Barbieri, University of Houston; Wajiha Shireen, University of Houston; Farrokh Attarzadeh, University of Houston; Miguel Ramos, University of Houston; William Fitzgibbon, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

/olin_history.asp after creating andtesting “an innovative curriculum that infused a rigorous engineering education with businessand entrepreneurship as well as the arts, humanities and social sciences. They developed a hands-on, interdisciplinary approach that better reflects actual engineering practice.” Many feel thatthe transition from engineering applications to fundamental engineering science has beenunfortunate and that experiential learning should form the backbone of engineering education. Page 14.135.3As recent as January 2009, the article “Engineering Schools Prove Slow to Change” by P.Basken in The Chronicle of Higher Education points to the

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Beverly Woolf; Enid Sichel; Mark Floryan

the simulation” rather than reflect on and interpret what they see [5]. Our system attempts to address all Manuscript received February 14, 2014. This research was funded by acooperative grant from the National Science Foundation, #0940967 and of these issues simultaneously. The simulations do not always#1143659, “Authoring tool for a hands-on, on-line, lab curriculum for improve learning. For example, researchers at Purdueengineering technology students”, Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory University evaluated the use of computer-simulationImprovement

Conference Session

Experience in Assessing Technological Literacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; Mani Mina, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

-related issue. The non-engineers were able to utilize an understanding of thenature of technological systems to convey a fair understanding of the workings of a familiartechnological device which they had not specifically studied.AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation under award: DUE-0920164. Any Page 23.631.11opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Bibliography 1. Augustine, N. (Chair), National Academies Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st

Conference Session

New Programs and Success Stories

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Devdas Shetty

companies with < 100 employees - 8% are in companies with < 25 employees Page 8.603.3 - 40% are in companies with > 5000 employeesThe Trend is towards more employment preference in small companies.Major studies organized by National Science Foundation (NSF) and American Society ofMechanical Engineers (ASME) has indicated that a change in engineering education is neededand it is taking place. The period 1945-1960 is known as the era of hands-on education and useof handbook, physical experiment. This was followed by the math-based, theoretical, computeroriented era of 1960-85. There had been more clamors for reform

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Spendlove, Baker College, Flint; Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint; James Riddell, Baker College, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

collaboratively to research this type of measurement, correctly apply thestrain gages to the beam under test, build the circuit and perform the measurements. In lieu of aproject report, students were asked to create a lab experiment based on this application of theWheatstone bridge that could be added to the experimental labs for this class in the future.Students followed the model of the experimental labs they performed throughout the quarter tocreate this new lab. The project was well received. In an end-of-class survey 60% of the studentsstrongly agreed with the statement “The hands-on team project helped me learn the materialbetter.”ME301 Computer Aided Engineering - in the Fall 2010 term the term project for this course wasto analyze a prosthetic

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

T. Scott; John P. O'Connell

problems.Interestingly, there are more texts on this subject than virtually any other, but no text has everbeen credited with dramatically lowering the frustration factor of teachers or learners. Thesituation has become exacerbated as students’ experience with the real world, such as working Page 4.258.1with their hands on mechanical and chemical devices, has decreased. While students in yearspast usually had some intimate familiarity with Natural behavior and engineered systems,teachers can no longer rely on such background to build connections between book material andengineering reality.For these reasons, we believe that alternative and innovative teaching