Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FPD) Technical Session 10: Learning to Learn - Metacognition and Self-Regulated Strategies

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex George, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Leslie Bostwick, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Audrey Renaud, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Emily Boyd, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Zachary Riggins Del Rosario, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FPD)

modelingThis framing draws inspiration from the statistical adage "all models are wrong, some are useful"[7]: The framing positions assumptions ("wrong"ness) and limitations ("useful"ness) as definingfeatures of a model. In this framing, assumptions and limitations constitute directed relationshipsbetween the model and an object in the real world—a referent. Figure 1 illustrates the concept.Figure 1. Initial diagram illustrating the assumptions and limitations of a model.Figure 1 considers a baseball hit by a batter. The referent (a baseball) exists in the natural world,while the model exists outside the natural world. The diagram contains examples of assumptions(ex: no drag) and limitations (ex: range over-estimated). The diagram also contains other

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Outreach and Early Transdisciplinary Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paula Ann Monaco, Texas Tech University; Aimee Cloutier, Texas Tech University; Guo Zheng Yew, Texas Tech University; Maeghan Marie Brundrett, Texas Tech University; Dylan Christenson, Texas Tech University; Audra N. Morse, Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

-program questionnaires to evaluate the impact of the teamproject on students’ grasp of the importance of multidisciplinary design approaches; and (c) apre- and post-program Likert scale assessing student perception in self-development ofengineering skills following the completion of the group project and summer program. Theevaluation of the team presentations indicated that following the completion of the summerprogram’s open-ended project, students were able to work in multidisciplinary teams whileexplaining the roles the different disciplines culminating to an engineering design.Introduction The application of real-world experiences and problem solving to engineering curricula isbeing recognized with increased importance. Evidence has shown

Collection

2011 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Buket D. Barkana; Nelson Ngoh; Allen Cook

communications) to entertainment (music and video games). These fieldsdraw from a great variety of academic disciplines, including mathematics, biology, acoustics,computer graphics, computer vision, optics, and computer science. It is essential to present theseinter-disciplinary topics to middle school and high school teachers.The objectives or outcomes of the course: • Develop knowledge and understanding about the practical and real world applications of audio (voice, speech, music) and image processing. • Become familiar with audio and image processing hardware and software. • Value and appreciate new technologies that enhance STEM learning. • Be able to conduct hands-on activities and to teach the topics in the classroom

Conference Session

Service Learning and Societal Issues in the First Year

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Savilonis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; David Spanagel, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kristin Wobbe, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

College ofEngineering, an institution which promised integrated project work in all four years of itscurriculum.3 Before and since, and in many places besides Olin, promising engineering studentshave been enticed to attend a variety of innovative technical education programs that promisereal-world experience, training in widely applicable communications skills, and an impeccablefoundation in the principles of design and professional standards of practice.For example, WPI placed project-based learning at the core of its academic program in the early1970’s when it redesigned its graduation requirements to include two major projects.4 Oneproject undertaken within the student’s major field of study is usually completed during thesenior year. Another

Conference Session

Springfield's STEM Spectacle: Evaluating Engineering Excellence, D'oh!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose Capa Salinas, Purdue University; Manuel Salmeron, Purdue University; Gaurav Chobe, Purdue University; Herta Montoya, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Morgan R Broberg, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

-based learning, where students applytheoretical knowledge to real-world engineering problems, fostering deeper understanding andretention [7].When successfully achieved, ToL ensures that learning extends beyond memorization and iseffectively applied in real-world situations, enhancing problem-solving skills and adaptability[4]. However, assessing ToL is challenging due to the difficulty in measuring the application ofknowledge to new and diverse contexts and many factors that are believed to affect transfer. Forexample, Haskell [8] showed that traditional assessments (standardized, end-of-chapter, orobjective tests) focus on specific, discrete knowledge or skills rather than on the integrated andflexible application of knowledge that ToL

Conference Session

Professional Development for Teachers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sai Prasanth Krishnamoorthy, New York University; Sheila Borges Rajguru, New York University; Vikram Kapila, New York University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

, presentation, and business skills; and inspire their students, through examples of real-world applications, to pursue careers in STEM and create technology ventures.3. Assess program activities and disseminate outcomes.As elaborated below, PBL, engineering research, and entrepreneurship and industry experiencesare purposefully integrated in this PD program so that educators can link classroom teaching andlearning in STEM disciplines with real-world STEM practices.To develop a technically literate workforce, educators must not only teach STEM knowledge butalso address students’ question: “Why do I need to know this?” Engagement of industry in PD canallow teachers to inform students about job opportunities based on their own experiences. Such

Collection

2017 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Nicole Colston; Tyler Ley P.E.; Julie Thomas

understanding of relatedscience concepts"(pg. 1). The E2 curriculum uses real-world examples to make specificconnections between scientific inquiry, mathematical reasoning, and engineering practices(Katehi, Pearson, & Feder, 2009).Design, Methods, and MeasuresFormative evaluation of educational curriculum using electronic technologies should includeassessments of feasibility, effectiveness, and value that can inform curriculum development andrevision. Our pilot study included two types of formative evaluation to inform the developmentof the E2 curriculum (Flagg, 2013). First, pre-production formative evaluation includedgathering target audience feedback prior to video production. 5th grade students at a localelementary school participated in

Conference Session

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigael Olatoyosi Oluniyi; Svetlana Olbina, Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

around bridging theeducational disparity in understanding the spatial and temporal constraints inherent inconstruction procedures because CM students are not exposed to these processes as they arebeing taught concrete concepts with abstract teaching methods in the classroom. AugmentedReality (AR) is a promising way to improve education by bringing virtual site visits into theclassroom [5]. According to Rankohi and Waugh [6], this approach enhances students'understanding by using the real-life examples in the course material delivery. Due to its ability toprepare students for real-world applications as they develop transferable skills, AR in CMeducation is gaining attention [7]. When AR-based learning methodologies are used, students'practical

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ankunda Kiremire, Louisiana Tech University; Kevin A Cherry, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

. Firstly, the material taught in the classes is rarely culturally relevant. That is to say thematerial is typically taught in a manner that is removed from the social and cultural interests thatmake students passionate about their fields of study [3]. Secondly, Computer Science classes donot frequently offer a lot of opportunities for collaboration and real world application particularlyin their freshmen and sophomore classes. As a result, some students become disillusioned aboutthe nature of Computer Science work, assuming that the only kind of work that they will do willinvolve them writing code by themselves in a room.The final issue with Computer Science and computing based majors in general is that the classesonly typically employ a limited

Conference Session

DSA Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Betul Bilgin, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Naomi Groza, The University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Topics

Data Science & Analytics Constituent Committee (DSA), Diversity

understand and apply data to real-world situations,transforming it from abstract numbers to valuable information. • "Useless if you do not know how to utilize it. Scary and overwhelming sometimes." This response reflects the apprehension and difficulty students experience when they cannot contextualize data. • "Applying data into specific applications" further emphasizes the struggle to translate data analysis into practical applications, highlighting a gap between technical skills and real-world implementation.Working with Large DatasetsHandling large volumes of data is another significant challenge reported by students, particularlyin terms of analysis and deriving meaningful conclusions. • "Working with large

Conference Session

Integrating Additive Manufacturing Practices in Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akbar M. Eslami, Elizabeth City State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

and 3D Printing for the Manufacturing ProcessAbstractThe objective of this project is to utilize the reverse engineering process to scan and transformthe geometry of a part of an airplane wing into a useful three-dimensional (3D) computer modelplatform that can be sent to either a 3D printer or Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machineand turned into an actual physical part. Also, the computer model is converted to a 3D ComputerAided Design (CAD) model in order to perform stress analysis on it and validate the reliability ofthe part in real world conditions. The process includes utilizing a Faro Arm laser scanner,Geomagic reverse engineering software, Stratasys 3D printer, SolidWorks simulation software,and

Conference Session

ETD Design II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikunja Swain, South Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. LabVIEW andLabVIEW MathScript are currently used in a number of science, engineering and technologyprograms and industries for simulation and analysis. This paper will discuss design anddevelopment of interactive instructional modules for Control Systems and Numerical AnalysisCourses using LabVIEW and LabVIEW MathScript.IntroductionSimulation exercises are integral part of the science, engineering, and technology programs.Simulation exercises provide verification of the basic theory and reinforcement of theunderlying principles; greater attention to the theoretical limitations; application of logicalanalysis to solve real world problems. There are number of use of simulation, starting fromsimulation of simple electric circuits to complex tasks

Collection

2008 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Ryan A. Ebel; Donald S. Abbott-McCune; David Chang

Undergraduate Mechatronics Couse Design Project MAJ Ryan A. Ebel, United States Military Academy MAJ Donald S. Abbott-McCune, United States Military Academy MAJ David Chang, United States Military AcademyAbstractThere is a real need to educate our engineering students in the application of electronics, controls,mechanics, and software; this multidisciplinary initiative has led to the creation of an undergraduateMechatronics courses at the United States Military Academy (USMA) and many other universitiesaround the world. The focus of these courses is to emphasize application and hands on laboratory work ingeneral, and design projects in particular. This paper presents an

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Takoi Hamrita

are neither electrical nor mechanical, whichoffer microcontroller courses in their curricula. At the industry level, applications of monitoringand control fall in all engineering areas and are not restricted to mechanical or electrical systems.MCs are used for stand-alone applications such as microwave ovens and cameras, but in theindustrial world, they are used as part of larger systems. Within these larger systems, MCs areused for low-level control functions such as control and compensation for a complex instrument,feedback control of one or a small number of loops. Developing expertise in MCs is crucial for Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition

Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Ryan A. Ebel; Donald S. Abbott-McCune; David Chang

Undergraduate Mechatronics Couse Design Project MAJ Ryan A. Ebel, United States Military Academy MAJ Donald S. Abbott-McCune, United States Military Academy MAJ David Chang, United States Military AcademyAbstractThere is a real need to educate our engineering students in the application of electronics, controls,mechanics, and software; this multidisciplinary initiative has led to the creation of an undergraduateMechatronics courses at the United States Military Academy (USMA) and many other universitiesaround the world. The focus of these courses is to emphasize application and hands on laboratory work ingeneral, and design projects in particular. This paper presents an

Conference Session

Nuts and Bolts of Cooperative Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Yin, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

theoretical knowledge and real-world application: It would have been awesome if the professor would have mentioned, at least briefly mentioned, what a micro strip was. And that’s really where skin-depth comes in. In particular, I mean I don’t, I don’t know of any other applications really of skin depth other than micro strip and there is nothing in our electromagnetic book about it.Without his internship experience, William would have continued to believe the knowledgelearned in class was useless because he would not have understood its applications. To many of the students I interviewed, hands-on experiences provided opportunities toapply theoretical knowledge. These hands-on experiences not only allowed students to

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Student-Centered Activities and Maker Spaces in Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council; Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health, and Environment Research Organization; Rosa Maria Castro Fernandes Vasconcelos, Universidade de Minho; Luis Alfredo Martins Amaral P.E., Universidade de Minho; Victor F. A. Barros Ing.-Paed IGIP, Science and Education Research Council

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

learning environment and showingstudents how the scientific method can be applied to everyday life. It teaches studentscomputational thinking and focuses on the real world applications of problem solving. Asmentioned before, STEM education begins while students are very young.It has long been argued, based on income data, that university completion is the mostrelevant indicator of a countries’ ability to produce highly talented, innovative people.Many studies show that the choice of the discipline matters to outcomes as well. Someresearches show, for example, that people with university degrees in academicdisciplines—such as the humanities, education, biology, and agriculture science—earnless than half of that earned by those with university

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Cioc, The University of Toledo; Sorin Cioc; Noela A. Haughton, The University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

Blackboard platform topost lectures, course materials, instructional aids, and facilitate assignment submissions. Duringthe spring and fall 2022 semesters, 21 and 22 students were enrolled.The course focuses on applications fluid dynamics, including series and branching pipelinesystems, pump selection and flow measurement, drag and lift, and the flow of air through ductsystems. Laboratory exercises consist of either hands-on experience in the Fluid MechanicsLaboratory, or computer simulations using the Tahoe Design’s HydroFlo Academic software; allsimulations can be performed in the ET Department’s computer labs or remotely using VirtualLab (VLab).To increase the students’ interest in the topics and their ability to make connections with real-world

Conference Session

Milhouse's Moment: Engineering Inclusivity, Everything's Coming Up Milhouse!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan C Pollock, Engineer Inclusion; Lara Hebert, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Lynford Goddard, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Luisa-Maria Rosu, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

through project or problem-basedlearning (PBL). Most of this section of the rubric draws from the “Ensuring Equity in PBLReflection Tool”[14]. This part of the rubric examines the degree to which students are allowedto exert agency and participate in team-learning environments that reflect real-world contextsand social impacts. The rubric encourages activities that engage every student, ensuring that alleducational experiences are hands-on and relevant to students' lived experiences andsocioeconomic backgrounds.Each of these sections contains specific items, totaling 27, which describe behaviors andpractices ranging from those that perpetuate inequity to those that foster an inclusive atmosphere.For example, under the "Head" section, item 1

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 1

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Zhou Zhang, SUNY Farmingdale State College; Yizhe Chang, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

. Figure 1: Applications of generative AI Fall 2024 ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference, Farmingdale, New York, USA, October 25-26 Zhang, Z., Chang, Y.1.2 Emerging role in education, particularly in engineering educationIn engineering education, Generative AI represents a paradigm shift. By providing students withadaptive learning experiences, AI tools can address diverse learning styles and needs 8, helpingstudents transition from lower-level courses to more advanced, complex engineering topics. Gen-erative AI facilitates personalized feedback, enabling students to tackle real-world engineeringproblems in a hands-on, interactive manner 9, 10, 11, 12.Generative AI enhances

Conference Session

ETD Manufacturing/3D Printing

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua B. Hooker, Michigan Technological University; Vincent Druschke, Michigan Technological University; Scott A. Kuhl, Michigan Technological University; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Siddharth Yogesh Parmar; Mark Bradley Kinney, Bay de Noc Community College; Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Mark Highum, Bay de Noc Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

individuals or educational institutions to purchase. Free roboticssoftware packages are also available4–9 but have significant limitations for industrial robotics educa-tion. For example, most of the free packages focus on non-industrial applications such as personaland mobile robotics.Our goal is to provide a free, open source simulator with support for basic joint control and pro-gramming functionality. We hope that the software, called RobotRun, will be an affordable andaccessible option for students and educators to teach robotics without real robots or to supplementeducation programs where robots are available. A screenshot of the software is shown in Figure 1.A preliminary version of this software was presented in an earlier paper.10 In this

Conference Session

Sustainable Education and the Environment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omer Onar, Illinois Institute of Technology; Alireza Khaligh, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

yes no Fig.8. Operation mode controller for the proposed system. Page 14.184.9Fig.9. Simulation results showing load, converter, and grid current of the residential photovoltaic system.The course covers many real world examples. The other fields include power electronic interfacesand utilization topologies for the solar, wind, ocean tidal, ocean thermal, piezoelectric andelectromagnetic energy harvesting. Furthermore, the course focuses on modeling and simulationof many topologies and power electronic

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tumkor Serdar, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

visualizationskills, aid in scientific simulations and serve as a tool for education. AR technology typicallyprovides visualization aids that bridge the gap between physical prototypes and digital computermodels. AR technology offers solutions and benefits in numerous application areas such as spacetraining 9, medical education 10, design and manufacturing 11-13, visualization training in early childeducation 14, assembly and maintenance training 15, entertainment 16, and military training 17. AnMR experience is one where the user is placed in an interactive setting that is either real withvirtual component augmentation (AR), or virtual settings with real-world augmentation(augmented virtuality-AV). Mixed reality is the experience of a blend of the virtual

Conference Session

Instructional technologies - Simulations, VR, Remote Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas at El Paso; Md Fashiar Rahman, University of Texas at El Paso; Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Ivan Arturo Renteria-Marquez, University of Texas at El Paso; Aditya Akundi, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Amit J Lopes, University of Texas at El Paso; Jeevarathinam Senthilkumar

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

creates an environment where the user caninteract with the components as like a real world. This gives the better understanding on acquiringconcepts on working principle and operation of any system, which reflects in the studentassessment table. Comprehensively, it is observed that, incorporating the computer simulationprovides the better experience in students’ learning process. Apparently, the students whoaccomplished their project using the computer simulation feels very positive in learning processand motivation in classroom activities.CONCLUSIONRecently, computer simulation has drawn significant attention in the field of manufacturing due toits promising applications. In near future, most of the industrial activity will be followed by

Collection

2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference

Authors

Subramaniam Ganesan, Oakland University; Fayadh Alenezi, Jouf University

IEEE, IEEE Computer Society Distinguished Visiting Speaker, IEEE Region 4 technical activities member and Fellow of ISPE. He received Life time Achievement award from ISAM, Lloyd L. Withrow Distinguished Speaker award from SAE, Best Teacher award from ASEE, and Oakland University. He has organized many international conferences. He is the editor in chief of an International Journal of Embedded system and Computer Engineering and International journal of Sensors and applica- tions. He is the session organizer on ”Systems engineering” at SAE world congress for the past 15 years. His research interests are in Real time system, parallel architectures and computer systems, Automotive embedded systems security and signal

Collection

2007 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Mohammad Amin

devices, andadvances in wireless communication have fueled interest in the development of large-scaledistributed wireless sensors networks (WSNs) in many fields such as medical diagnosis,environmental monitoring and industrial applications. The potential applications of thesenetworks include search and rescue, smart homes, battlefield surveillance, environmentmonitoring and control, and so forth. The use of wireless packet-data applications, wireless webbrowsing, real-time mobile multimedia streaming, and other interactive applications motivatesthe rapid development of the next-generation wireless networks.Trends in Wireless TechnologiesAccording to the International Association for the Wireless Industry CTIA, there were 180million mobile phone

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Nelson, Texas A&M University; Brent Donham, Texas A&M University - Commerce

topics courses under the direction of a faculty member; and 3. Cybersecurity projects will be conducted within courses as part of normal class assignments. 4. There is a fundamental need to utilize real world attack vectors and tools as a part of teaching and research.Although there are overlaps in the concerns associated with each, each does have its own uniqueconsiderations and challenges. Nevertheless, these concerns defined the scope of the policy asdeveloped. That scope is explicitly stated in the second paragraph of the summary at thebeginning of the policy. The intention was to address those activities in which there is riskwithout being overbearing or obstructive.The Cybersecurity Institutional Review Policy was vetted by

Conference Session

Refining Manufacturing Education Practices

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Huachao Mao, Purdue University; Yujie Shan, Purdue University; Hamid EisaZadeh, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

The above two digital twins receive no feedback from the physical world. This module 3 guidesstudents to explore and appreciate the benefits of feeding real data to the digital twin. Specifically,we will leverage the IoT data to predict printing reliability and quality and detect defects based onthe realtime camera. Figure 5 shows a IoT platform and all the sensors on a Prusa 3D printer. The microcontroller,Raspberry Pi, is a server to control the 3D printer and interacts with users through a WIFIconnection. It can report nearly all the printing statuses, such as XYZ positions, temperature, andprinting progress. The motor driver, TMC2130, can give feedback on the current and skippedsteps, which are useful for detecting printer crashes. Two

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Ashraf M. Ghaly

, andimportance of accurate determination of parameters of soil on which the foundation rests.Since foundation design is usually a difficult task which requires great factor of safety in real-world application, certain degree of tolerance is allowed in this project. The grading criteriapermits some acceptable degree of discrepancy then compares the actual and predicted failureloads. If the actual failure load matches, or lies within the allowable discrepancy, the predictedfailure load, the student team gets full credit in the project. Partial credits are awarded based onthe degree of agreement between the actual and predicted failure loads. Column (superstructure) Soil

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogies Afforded Through Technology and Remote Learning

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Manjina Shrestha, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

models. Unity is a cross-platform game engine thatprovides users the flexibility to design 2D and 3D virtual and augmented reality games and tools.It is compatible with both IOS and Android mobile platforms. Vuforia is a software developmentkit (SDK) for mobile devices for building AR applications that can be used with Unity gameengine. In simple words, it uses computer vision to detect images and objects and orients virtualobjects into the real world when viewed through the camera of a mobile device. The prototype ofthe app developed was built for Android operating system for versions of at least 8.0. The 3Dmodels used are available freely and the sources are listed in Appendix 7.23.4 Design framework Figure 4— Overall