Conference Session

Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reginald Rogers, University of Michigan; Anthony Lachawiec, University of Michigan; Jeffrey Ringenberg, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2008-824: TO SINK OR SWIM: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FORMAINTAINING AND NURTURING AN ASEE STUDENT CHAPTERReginald Rogers, University of Michigan Reginald Rogers is a 4th year Ph.D. student in Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan. He holds a B.S. degree from MIT and M.S. degree from Northeastern University, both in Chemical Engineering. While at Northeastern, Reginald served as a teaching assistant to many Chemical Engineering courses including Material & Energy Balances, Thermodynamics, and Transport Processes. He was awarded several teaching awards and served on the TA leadership committee focused on improvement of the teaching assistant position in the classroom at

Conference Session

College/University Engineering Students K-12 Outreach

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Russell Faux; Meredith Knight; Brian Gravel; Christine Cunningham

of small team work; one Fellow works with 1-3teachers--the Fellow serves as a technical resource for the teacher and classroom and the teacherserves as an expert about pedagogy and classroom teaching. The Fellow helps to designengineering activities that align with science and math curriculum frameworks for all grades. TheFellow spends a majority of his/her time co-teaching each class and is therefore exposed firsthand to the challenges and intricacies of public education.Evaluation data collected throughout both Tufts GK-12 projects have suggested an apparenttrend in how the Fellows’ understanding of teaching and schools changes over the course of theirFellowship. Furthermore, many of the Fellows report improvement in their communication

Conference Session

Integrating Technical Research into Professional Development and K-12 Classrooms

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chelsey Simmons, Stanford University; Beth L Pruitt, Stanford University; Kaye Storm, Stanford University; Gary Lichtenstein

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Pre (n=35) Post (n=18) Your knowledge about the application of the subject to everyday life 1.178** 1.136** Your ability to make presentations at in-services or professional meetings 1.110* 1.065* Your ability to use inquiry-based instructional practices 1.034 0.982 Your ability to link course content to applications in professional settings 1.017 1.022 Average Confidence 1.000 Your ability to teach students how to lead effective 0.956 0.905 discussions

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Samaroo, City University of New York - New York City College of Technology; Urmi Duttagupta, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York; Nadia S Kennedy, New York City College of Technology; Armando Dominguez Solis, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York; Viviana Acquaviva, New York City College of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #47391BOARD # 363: Effective Strategies to Support Student Success in an NSFS-STEM ProgramDr. Diana Samaroo, City University of New York - New York City College of Technology Diana Samaroo is a Professor in the Chemistry Department at New York City College of Technology of the City University of New York (CUNY). She received her bachelor’s degree from Hunter College, and doctorate from CUNY Graduate Center. She has a broad range of experience in curricular and program development and project administration. Dr. Samaroo was the Chairperson of the Chemistry Department from 2015–2021. She is a CUNY Faculty Leadership

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan Cernusca, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Ioan Gelu Ionas, University of Missouri Columbia; Harvest Collier, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

direction could target the development and testing of a methodology fordeveloping effective guiding questions for eliciting self-explanation behavior in large coursesthat use personal response systems (clickers), with the potential of increasing the effectiveness ofthis tool in stimulating active learning in large, heterogeneous courses. With the advent andexpansion of online learning activities, further research should look for effective methodologiesto scaffold self-explanation in online learning environments. Page 14.1047.9References1. Graesser, A.C., Swamer, S.S., Baggett, W.B., & Sell, M.A. (1996). New models of deep comprehension. In

Conference Session

Faculty Development for Distance Learning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Donohue, The College of New Jersey; Christine Schnittka, University of Kentucky; Larry Richards, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

developed ETKs include Chain Reaction (Rube Goldberg machines), Crash Course(properties of energy) ElectroMagic (properties of electricity), Giggity-Goo (properties offluids), HOOS E.Y.E (optics), Movers and Shakers (effects of stress on structures), Rock-ItPower (propulsion), and Save the Penguins (heat transfer).12Theoretical Framework and Research PhilosophyThe theoretical basis for ETKs is the pedagogical philosophy of constructivism, whichemphasizes the use of active learning strategies.13, 14In the constructivist model, learners actively and inductively (re)build their understanding ofreality based on their experiences. The experiences are assessed according to the learner’smental schemata “that incorporate the student’s prior knowledge

Conference Session

Issues for ET Administrators

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

H. Oner Yurtseven

microprocessors for embeddedsystems. I am, therefore, interested in teaching the existing courses (ECET 205, ECET305, and ECET 483) in these areas. I plan to update and upgrade these courses everysemester with the change of technology and develop two new courses (ECET 3xx andECET 4xx) in embedded systems as potential electives for electrical engineeringtechnology and computer engineering technology tracks. These improvements and newexperiments in teaching this subject matter will be reported at ASEE conferences and invarious publications.Section III: Research, Scholarship, and Creative ActivitiesI have a keen interest to follow up on the technological changes in microprocessors andembedded systems. I routinely subscribe to or have access to IEEE

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jennifer L. Kouo, Towson University; Medha Dalal, Arizona State University; Bruk T. Berhane, Florida International University; Jumoke 'Kemi' Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University; Kenneth Reid, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Cheryl Beauchamp, Regent University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Stacy S. Klein-Gardner, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Paper ID #29321Initial Investigation of Effective Teacher Professional Developmentamong Experienced and Non-Experienced Engineering Teachers (Work inProgress)Dr. Jennifer L Kouo, Towson University Jennifer L. Kouo, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Special Education at Towson University in Maryland. Dr. Kouo received her PhD in Special Education with an emphasis in severe disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from the University of Maryland at College Park. She is passionate about both instructional and assistive technology, as well as Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and utilizing inclusive

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

S. A. Tennyson; R. J. Eggert

. Custom-designed assessment instruments were found toproduce valuable information as to the effectiveness of adding a design component and mayshow the strengths and weaknesses of the course instruction (Cahill, Eisley, and Guarino, 1995).Also, during the project, Professor Guarino developed an interesting hypothesis for the creationof learning modules, that the number of target concepts (i.e. engineering science concepts to belearned) should be equal to the number of changeable design elements (i.e. parts, or componentsin the mechanical system).Professor Guarino prepared a follow-on proposal entitled “Design-Based Engineering Educationon the Internet” which was subsequently funded by the Idaho State Board of Education in 1996,under the Technology

Collection

2008 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Saikat Ray

the author’s experience, the international M.S. students in teaching oriented schools haveweak background, and they tend to spend less than expected time in studies except before theexaminations. Our objective in this article is to examine if there are methods that can be effective withsuch students in improving teaching.III. The Proposed ApproachGraduate level courses ideally are for increasing the depth of a student’s education; i.e., for the so-calledspecialization. Thus, ideal graduate students are self-motivated and learn without constant supervision.But as illustrated in Section II, the ideal scenario may not be the reality with many M.S. students.Therefore, we need to take an approach that will attempt to condition the students towards

Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Saikat Ray

the author’s experience, the international M.S. students in teaching oriented schools haveweak background, and they tend to spend less than expected time in studies except before theexaminations. Our objective in this article is to examine if there are methods that can be effective withsuch students in improving teaching.III. The Proposed ApproachGraduate level courses ideally are for increasing the depth of a student’s education; i.e., for the so-calledspecialization. Thus, ideal graduate students are self-motivated and learn without constant supervision.But as illustrated in Section II, the ideal scenario may not be the reality with many M.S. students.Therefore, we need to take an approach that will attempt to condition the students towards

Collection

2008 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Saikat Ray

the author’s experience, the international M.S. students in teaching oriented schools haveweak background, and they tend to spend less than expected time in studies except before theexaminations. Our objective in this article is to examine if there are methods that can be effective withsuch students in improving teaching.III. The Proposed ApproachGraduate level courses ideally are for increasing the depth of a student’s education; i.e., for the so-calledspecialization. Thus, ideal graduate students are self-motivated and learn without constant supervision.But as illustrated in Section II, the ideal scenario may not be the reality with many M.S. students.Therefore, we need to take an approach that will attempt to condition the students towards

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Baka, Youngstown State University; Cory Brozina, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

thesubthemes were grouped to derive themes from the data. Themes were derived with respect tothe study’s basis on Zachary’s model for effective mentoring. Zachary’s model is centered onadult learning and states that effective mentorship is comprised of 7 elements: “reciprocity,learning, relationship, partnership, collaboration, mutually defined goals, and development”(Zachary, 2011, p. 142).ResultsThis qualitative research project aims to explore two pivotal research areas: the factors thatenable faculty mentors to perceive themselves as effective in their mentoring roles and thepotential support elements to facilitate improved mentorship practices at universities. Thesequestions were viewed through the lens of Zachary’s seven components of mentorship

Conference Session

Engineering as the STEM Glue

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan Barth, University of Alabama; Debra M. McCallum, University of Alabama; Beth Todd, University of Alabama; Rosanna E. Guadagno, University of Alabama; Beverly Roskos, University of Alabama; Carmen Burkhalter, University of Alabama; Marion J Goldston, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

stage-environment fit model: When teachers provide a classroom environment that better meetsstudents’ social, emotional, and educational needs, students can be expected to do better. Thefindings for the percent of variance explained by the Effective Teaching measure suggest thatyounger students are more affected by teaching practices than high school students. One reasonfor this finding might be that in the upper grades students have more choices for math andscience courses and may be more likely to choose classes for which they have a strong interestand higher performance expectations. In addition, the change in school environment might bemore dramatic during the transition to middle school in comparison to the transition to highschool. For

Conference Session

Materials In Design And Manufacturing

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Kim, Washington State University-Vancouver; Jaesoon Jang, Washington State University-Vancouver; Sung Jae Shin, Washington State University-Tricity

anumber of team projects into their curricula and there are some excellent guidelines onincorporating teamwork into existing courses [5]. A number of studies have been done onhow to improve effectiveness of corporative learning or teamwork in engineeringclassrooms. With no surprise, successful teamwork with proper team functionality Page 13.1221.2depends on strong, uniform interaction among the students [6]. Often, team formation isvery critical on team building and team member interactions [7].A team is “a small group of people who are committed to a common purpose,performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutuallyaccountable.”[7

Conference Session

Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) Topics in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yong-Woo Kim, University of Washington; Wonil Lee, University of Washington, Department of Construction Management; Ryan J. Eom, Legend High School

Tagged Divisions

Construction

regarding directives. Front-line managers deliver the directives using specificationsand drawings with verbal instruction. The efficiency of communication sometimes depends onthe capability of interpreting materials. Augmented Reality (AR) is recognized as an effective user interface technology toenhance a user's perception by inserting the computer-generated information into the user's realworld experience1. An AR-based prototype of task directives focused on drawing andspecification review was created for improving communication with field labor. Only a little research has been done to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of ARtechnology and industrial application in the construction domain2. Thus, the purpose of theresearch is

Conference Session

Computational Tools and Simulation I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sam Shearman, National Instruments

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

needs, we have found that the design of the user interface plays a significantrole in determining effectiveness of a demo in improving understanding. The most successfulpresent a UI that encourages exploration, motivates learning, and facilitates intuitiveunderstanding. Careless design can easily result in something that does a better job of distractingor confusing a student than it does in teaching.The importance of UI design for improving software and Web sites that involve human-computer interaction is widely recognized in software engineering ideas and methodologyrelated to usability10-11. Researchers have considered the design and effectiveness of interactiveeducational simulations in the context of physics, chemistry and physical

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Program Development & Desired Outcomes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leo E. Hanifin, University of Detroit Mercy; Ross A. Lee, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

feedback by participants who hold higher levels of authority, such as managers in industry or faculty members in academia. A healthy balance of ever-improving competence and justifiable confidence of the engineers can be developed by engineering educators as they engage students in the review of their design projects, and maintained by effective engineering leaders in industry as they run the design reviews of their companies. However, if engineering professors provide only severe criticism of students’ design projects, they risk destruction of the students’ self-confidence. If they only encourage without feedback on a concepts shortcomings, then a false sense of self- confidence without mastery may result. Conversely, if

Conference Session

Communication - Needs and Methods

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University; Joanna Garner, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

improvement of student learning outcomes.Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University Dr. Sarah Zappe is the Director of Assessment and Instructional Support in the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education at Pennsylvania State University. Her background is in educational psychology with an emphasis on educational testing and assessment. Page 15.1000.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Projected Words per Minute: A Window into the Potential Effectiveness of Presentation SlidesAbstractThis paper proposes a metric for gauging the potential effectiveness of

Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelli Higley, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University; Peggy Van Meter, Pennsylvania State University; Christine B. Masters, Pennsylvania State University; Jonna Kulikowich, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2007-1617: EFFECTS OF CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING, MATH ANDVISUALIZATION SKILLS ON PROBLEM-SOLVING IN STATICSKelli Higley, Pennsylvania State University Kelli Higley is a PhD student in Educational Psychology at Penn State. Before working on her PhD, she taught high school mathematics for 3 years. She has worked on diverse projects about learning, including research about discourse, reading, statistics, algebra, and now Statics. Her primary research focus remains improving the quality of mathematics teaching. She can be contacted at kjh262@psu.edu.Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University Tom Litzinger is Director of the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati; Virginia Westheider, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

learning style Page 11.877.4information on freshmen and sophomores who participated in the courses that formed the nexusof the study6,7.The authors were awarded an NSF planning grant in 2004 through the Bridges for EngineeringEducation program. The grant enabled us to develop technology-enabled content and evaluateits effectiveness for engineering students and engineering technology students. The content wasdeveloped collaboratively among the College of Engineering, the College of Applied Science,and the College of Education, Criminal Justice and Human Services. During pilot-testing, wehave evaluated the effectiveness of the educational modules

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nelson S. Pearson, University of Nevada, Reno; Hector Enrique Rodriguez-Simmonds, Purdue Engineering Education; Tara C. Langus, University of Nevada, Reno; Allison Godwin, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #26520Understanding How First-Year Engineering Students Create Effective, Col-laborative, and Inclusive TeamsMr. Nelson S Pearson, University of Nevada, Reno Nelson Pearson is a Ph.D. student at the University of Nevada, Reno. His research interest includes social networks and the integration of diverse populations, engineering culture, development of a sense of belonging, as well as engineering pedagogy. His education includes a B.S. and M.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Nevada, Reno.Mr. Hector Enrique Rodriguez-Simmonds, Purdue Engineering Education Raised in South Florida, born in Mexico. Half

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks Session II - Curriculum II

Collection

2017 ASEE International Forum

Authors

U. P. Kahangamage, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Randolph C. K. Leung, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Gloria S.L Cheung, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Alan S. L. Kwok

Tagged Topics

Main Forum (Podium Presentation)

2017 ASEE International Forum:Columbus , Ohio Jun 28 Paper ID #20723Investigation of Effect of Curriculum Change on Students’ Performance inKnowledge-building and Knowledge-integration SubjectsDr. U. P. Kahangamage, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Udaya Kahangamage is a Teaching Fellow in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He received his PhD from University of Bristol, UK. Currently, he teachers courses related to Engineering Design, Product Design and Manufacturing. His interest includes innova- tive teaching pedagogies for

Conference Session

Technology Integration in the Classroom for Manufacturing II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Smith, Purdue University; Niaz Latif, Purdue University; Stephen Elliott, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

AC 2007-3042: VISUAL DATA'S EFFECT ON QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITYAT A TIER ONE AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS MANUFACTURERThomas Smith, Purdue University Thomas D. Smith is an industrial engineer with a large manufacturer of pneumatic automation products. He holds a master's degree in Technology and a bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering from Purdue University; he has over 10 years of industrial engineering experience with emphasis on lean manufacturing, plant layout, and continuous improvement. Mr. Smith has provided engineering services to companies such as General Motors, Delco Electronics, Ingersoll-Rand, and ITT Aerospace.Niaz Latif, Purdue University Dr. Niaz Latif is Professor of

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Carvell, Marian University; Tanja Greene, Marian University

encapsulation of cells within chemically modified, biomimetic hydrogels. After graduating, she continued her research through working in a tissue engineering/ biomaterials laboratory until 2017. She then became an Instructor of Physics and Engineering at Marian University of Indianapolis, Indiana, where she currently teaches Physics I, Physics II, Biophysics, and will soon be developing courses related to biomaterials for the launch of the new ES Witchger School of Engineering at Marian University. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Benefits, Drawbacks, and Effects on Retention Rates to a 5 Year, Inclusive

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Caroline Grace Sawatzki, Saginaw Valley State University; Rajani Muraleedharan, Saginaw Valley State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

ease the transition into the senior capstone design project and enableprofessors to easily achieve program educational objectives by fostering long-term retention ofmaterial through hands-on exposure.Through the incorporation of cost-effective robotics kits into theory-based courses, this paperintends to promote group learning to refine essential scientific and social skills through efficientand structured collaboration. Students who engage in a design-centered approach to engineeringeducation tend to correlate activities and project outcomes with core course knowledge tostrengthen concept retention. By facilitating continual exposure to design principles throughoutthe undergraduate curriculum, this paper is expected to familiarize students

Conference Session

Technical Session 8: Virtual Reality

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reza Kamali, Utah Valley University; Jonathan David Anderson, Utah Valley University; Matthew Meyers, Utah Valley University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #26531Comparison of Virtual Reality Versus Reality: Effects on Student LearningUsing Virtual Technology on Nanotechnology EducationDr. Reza Kamali, Utah Valley University Dr. Reza Kamali-Sarvestani is an Associate Professor of Computer Engineering at Utah Valley University. He received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Shiraz University Iran, and M.S.E, Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of Alabama in Huntsville in 2009, and 2011 respectively. He joined Utah Valley University (UVU) in 2012. He is currently working to develop a Virtual Reality course on nano

Conference Session

Technical Session 8: Virtual Reality

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maryam Mirabolghasemi, Mississippi State University; Michael Andre Hamilton; Parker Jones, Mississippi State University; David Cole, Mississippi State University; Emily S. Wall , Mississippi State University; Raed Jaradat, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #25318Understanding the Effectiveness of Using VR to Support Teaching DrillingTrajectory ConceptsDr. Maryam Mirabolghasemi, Mississippi State UniversityDr. Michael Andre Hamilton, Dr. Michael A. Hamilton is an Associate Director at Mississippi State Institute for System Engineering Research (ISER) in Vicksburg, MS. He received his Doctorate, Master and Bachelor degrees in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Mississippi State University and has a graduate certificate in Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization Engineering from Old Dominion University. Currently, he is the technical lead for Big Data Analytic

Conference Session

Topics in Computing and Information Technologies II

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Regina Melo Silveira P.E., Universidade de São Paulo; Itana Stiubiener Mrs, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC; Wilson V Ruggiero, LARC-EPUSP

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

, the students would not like for the entireclass to be administered via distance education. Some distance classes were considered acceptable, meaningthat a hybrid course was the most desirable for these students.B. Scenario III: This third scenario had the objective of collecting video access data, specifically the data foreducational videos. The results would allow for a qualitative evaluation of the data that were beingmonitored, which itself would allow us to gauge the effectiveness of the monitoring system. The videosused were donated by the MAST (Astronomic Museum, www.mast.br) and contained documentaries andresearch reports relating to astronomy. All the data presented was obtained through the monitoring service we developed

Conference Session

WIED Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorelle A. Meadows, University of Michigan; Denise Sekaquaptewa, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

that one will be judged interms of a stereotype. In this project, we investigate the effect of skewed gender compositionson active participation in group projects in a required introductory engineering course. Usingvideo records of 175 final group design project presentations (4-6 students per group, 660students total), we performed a systematic investigation of student’s active participation, i.e., theroles and behaviors adopted by male and female students as a function of gender composition ofthe group. Independent judges viewing each videotaped presentation classified roles andbehaviors adopted by participants. Parameters that were collected include presentation contenttype (on a spectrum from technical to non-technical), student roles in