Asee peer logo
Well-matched quotation marks can be used to demarcate phrases, and the + and - operators can be used to require or exclude words respectively
Displaying results 24601 - 24630 of 24870 in total
Conference Session
Engineering and Public Policy Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rylan C. Chong, Chaminade University; Helen Turner, Chaminade University; Mark Speck, Chaminade University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering and Public Policy
part is delivery. Lectures is the traditional method of delivery of themessage [28]. However, this class will use several delivery methods to facilitate individual workand group collaboration. The primary method of delivery will be to use the module that will bemade available online and in class to guide the class sessions as the students will see the topicstructure, relating examples, and visualization for a particular week, and cued for the next topicfor the following week.Evaluation instrumentsThe evaluation instrument element are methods and instruments that will be used in this classthat will evaluate learner’s mastery of each outcome [27]. This is primarily performed usingsome form of feedback mechanism, such as asking the students
Conference Session
"How Do We Compare?" - Students, Case Studies, and Learning Approaches
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Allison Godwin, Clemson University; Geoff Potvin, Clemson University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
and theresults of pilot testing in a first-year freshman engineering course. An in-person pilot of thesurvey and focus groups were conducted with first-year freshmen engineering students. Thus,each item of the survey was further examined for face and content validity.One question utilized in this analysis asked students to “Please rate the current likelihoodof your choosing a career in the following:”. The various career options were “Mathematics”,“Science/math teacher”, “Environmental science”, “Biology”, “Chemistry”, “Physics”,“Bioengineering”, “Chemical engineering”, “Materials engineering”, “Civil engineering”,“Industrial/systems engineering”, “Mechanical engineering”, “Environmental engineering”, and“Electrical/computer engineering
Conference Session
Ethics, Mindfulness, and Reform During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Shahrima Maharubin, Texas Tech University; Shamsul Arefeen, Texas Tech University; Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University; Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
Roman Taraban is Professor in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Texas Tech University. He received his Ph.D. in cognitive psychology from Carnegie Mellon University. His interests are in how undergraduate students learn, and especially, in critical thinking and how students draw meaningful con- nections in traditional college content materials. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Work in Progress: Post-Pandemic Opportunities to Re-engineer Higher Education: A Pragmatic-Futurist FrameworkAbstractIn the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, education has stepped up some of its long-overduetransformations. Higher education (HE
Conference Session
Teaching and Assessment Methodologies
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Juan Song, Alamo College
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
Can fully explain problem solving and methods Effective Verbal & Written Communicator Group & 1-on-1, develops high quality written material Effective Interpersonal Skills A conflict resolver Natural Teamworker Prefers working as a part of a team Qualified for the Next Level Has associate degree/all required company training complete Figure 1. “where are we going”Redesign the community college
Conference Session
Innovation in Laboratory Studies and Outreach Programs
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Douglas Sugg, United States Navy; Bruce Galloway, United States Navy; John Fishell, STEP
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
environment. Others simply left for jobs in industry. Each DoD activity had itsown BRAC experience.The Navy Metrology Engineering Center and Gage and Standards Laboratory (now consolidatedinto the Measurement Science and Technology Laboratory) are located at the Naval SurfaceWarfare Center, Corona, CA (NSWC Corona Division). This Metrology Engineering Center andassociated Laboratory provide for all of the Navy and Marine Corps Test and MeasurementSystems (TAMS) research, development and engineering support. The engineering capabilitiesrequired to be sustained in order to perform this important function span a multitude ofdisciplines from electronic/electrical (both high and low power), mechanical, microwave,chemical, pressure, temperature, and
Conference Session
Pre-College Engineering Education Division Technical Session 13
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jungsun Kim, Indiana University Bloomington; Soo Hyeon Kim, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
and skills inparent-child interactions, with a focus on motives, conflicts, and mediation.Seven families with nine children (grades 1-5) participated in three to five engineering activitiesover six months. The research team sent at-home engineering kits that contained an instructioncard, materials, and tools for engineering challenge activities in five engineering disciplines.Caregivers were instructed to video-record their engineering activities, creating approximately100 hours of video data. Then, caregivers participated in in-depth online interviews about theirpedagogical expectations in educating children, specifically in STEM education. Qualitativefindings from the home engineering data indicated that conflicts occurred (a
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Amy Fritz, Stanford University; Mark Horowitz, Stanford University; Atindra Jha, Stanford University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
designed the online tool to mimic an authentic labexperience. It includes physical representations of circuits that students would normally see in lab,like breadboards. It also includes a mechanism to take voltage measurements in the circuit. Bylogging all mouse and key clicks in the browser window as well as user replies, we observe bothstudents’ reasoning and actions as they work to understand the error in the circuit. Thus, our newtroubleshooting tool allows us to capture rich data for large number of students quickly andeffectively (and now remotely).Using our new tool, we were able to better understand how students approach troubleshootingcircuits. We were able to analyze where and why students got off track during the troubleshootingprocess
Conference Session
Enhancing K-12 STEM Education with Engineering
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adrie Koehler, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Eugenia Fernandez, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Charles Feldhaus, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
attempt toascertain STEM undergraduate student perceptions and attitudes toward teaching, IUPUIundergraduate students majoring in STEM areas were selected as participants. Students enrolled inPhysics 152 Lab (Mechanics), Technology 104 (Technical Graphics Communications), and Electricaland Computer Engineering Technology 351 (Instrumentation Application for Technology) wereadministered the surveys. From these three courses, 92 surveys were collected, and 89 of the surveyswere useable.For this study, the materials consisted of a small packet of information: informed consent, briefdescription of the study, and the survey. To see the informed consent forms and entire survey, pleaserefer to Appendix A. The fourteen questions on the survey measured a
Conference Session
Topics Related to Electrical Engineering Technology
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Omer Farook, Purdue University, Calumet; Paul Lapsansky, Purdue University, Calumet; Chandra Sekhar, Purdue University, Calumet; Jai P. Agrawal, Purdue University, Calumet; Ashfaq Ahmed, Purdue University, Calumet
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
AC 2012-3456: EMBEDDED RF SYSTEM DESIGN WITH THE RFPIC12F675Prof. Omer Farook, Purdue University, Calumet Omer Farook is a member of the faculty of electrical and computer engineering technology at Purdue University, Calumet. Farook received the diploma of licentiate in mechanical engineering and B.S.M.E. in 1970 and 1972 respectively. He further received B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees in 1978 and 1983, respectively, from Illinois Institute of Technology. Farook’s current interests are in the areas of embedded system design, hardware software interfacing, digital communication, networking, image processing, and biometrics, C++, PHP, and Java Languages. He has a keen interest in pedagogy and instruction delivery
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Technical Session - Retention Programs for Diverse Students
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jennifer L. Groh, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Topics
ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering, Women in Engineering
making decisions and taking action and comprised 20% of the overallcourse grade with additional contributions to the final grade from journal reflections related tocoaching. For the first offering of this small, discussion-based class for the 2015 spring semester,12 students enrolled - 5 classified as juniors and 7 as seniors from these engineering disciplines:Aero/Astro (1); Agricultural (1); Biological (1); Biomedical (2); Civil (2); Computer (1);Environmental and Ecological (1); Industrial (1); Materials (1); Mechanical (1).For this one-credit course, meeting weekly for 50 minutes, three parts governed its structure: Part1- Identifying barriers: internal/external barriers to success and retention for female engineers;Part 2 – Addressing
Conference Session
Student Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shelby Buffington, Syracuse University; Ryan L. Falkenstein-Smith, Syracuse University; Alexander Johnson, Syracuse University; Katy Pieri, Syracuse University; Alex Vincent Jannini, Syracuse University
Tagged Divisions
Student
Paper ID #22227Soft Skills Boot Camp: Designing a Three-day Student-run Seminar andWorkshop Series for Graduate StudentsMs. Shelby Buffington, Syracuse UniversityDr. Ryan L. Falkenstein-Smith, Syracuse University Ryan Falkenstein-Smith is a recent Ph.D. graduate from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace En- gineering at Syracuse University. His research interests include ion transport membranes, carbon capture technology, and greenhouse gas control. Additionally, Ryan is highly invested in engineering education research, mainly finding innovative ways to improve student learning capabilities. His current work in
Conference Session
Program Delivery Methods & Technology
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Paul Ranky
over the web, including any of the authors who have created/presented the cases.In several cases, assessment is supported by spreadsheet-based automated tools, that incase of an incorrect answer hyper-links the learner back to a ‘sorter switch’ routine, thatoffers a variety of revision solutions, so that the missed material can be learned, and thetest re-taken.The assessment questions address exciting engineering, management, and computingscience / IT (Information Technology), biomedical engineering, and other issues, and inmany cases document best practices. This approach helps distance learners as well aseducators to work with the material in real-world classroom and/or virtually web-networked teams.In direct response to the needs of our
Conference Session
Project Based and Experiential Learning in Manufacturing
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Asghar Rezasoltani, Western Kentucky University; Ryker Boehm, Western Kentucky University; Adam Patterson, Western Kentucky University
. 58-69.4. FANUC Robotics SYSTEM R-30iA and R-30iB Controller KAREL Reference Manual. Vol. MARRC75KR07091E Rev D. 2012: FANUC Robotics America Corporation.5. Kumar, G. and K. Maji, Investigations into Enhanced Formability of AA5083 Aluminum Alloy Sheet in Single-Point Incremental Forming. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2021. 30(2): p. 1289-1305.6. Feng, J.-W., L.-H. Zhan, and Y.-G. Yang, The establishment of surface roughness as failure criterion of Al–Li Alloy stretch-forming process. Metals, 2016. 6(1): p. 13.7. Maqbool, F., Targeted generation and suppression of the deformation mechanism and residual stresses in incremental sheet forming to improve the geometric accuracy. 2021, BTU Cottbus
Conference Session
Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Yanmei Xie, North Dakota State University; Huojun Yang, North Dakota State University
Tagged Divisions
Architectural Engineering
; Kerawalla, Luckin, Seljeflot, & Woolard,2006) to the university (Ferrer-Torregrosa, Torralba, Jimenez, García, & Barcia, 2015; Munoz-Cristobal et al., 2014). This is because AR can be accessed with different technologies such astable PCs, mobiles, and tablets. With an increasing number of mobile device owners, AR isavailable to more people. Furthermore, AR applications increased dramatically because themobile device is simpler and more portable (Martin et al., 2011). Compared to othertechnologies, AR has several advantages. Firstly, AR improves interactions between students andtheir student peers (Kamarainen et al., 2013), between students and the materials (Kamarainen etal., 2013), and between students and teachers (Zarraonandia, Aedo
Conference Session
Software Engineering Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dan Tappan, Eastern Washington University
Tagged Divisions
Software Engineering Constituent Committee
systems and mechatronics; modeling, simulation, vi- sualization, and analysis; intelligent systems/artificial intelligence (knowledge representation, reasoning, machine learning); and CS/engineering education. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Experiencing Real-World Multidisciplinary Software Systems Engineering Through Aircraft Carrier Simulation1 IntroductionModern technology is a complex combination of mechanical systems controlled by electricalsystems ultimately controlled by software systems. Mechanical and electrical engineeringstudents generally receive multidisciplinary hands-on exposure to such real-world applications,but those in computer science rarely see
Conference Session
Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cameron Michael Kim, Duke University; Charles Wallace; Margaret Wacera Gatongi
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)
courses, which is completed by second-year firstsemester for most students. Bio201L introduces students to the molecular mechanisms thatcomprise the Central Dogma; protein folding, structure and function; and cell metabolism andenergetics. The hands-on laboratory experiences introduce recombinant DNA technology thatcovers restriction digest-ligation cloning; Escherichia coli transformation; Sanger sequencing; andintroduction to bioinformatics using sequence alignment. Our BME students take four required 200-level BME courses that don’t provide a dedicatedexamination of engineering basics at the cellular level. Instead, courses fall into the moretraditional engineering prerequisite categories which prepare them for the broad scope of BME
Collection
2007 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Paul G. Ranky
that learners can interrogate objects, takeproducts virtually apart in 3D, enjoy virtual factory or facility tours and evenparticipate/ collaborate actively by e-mail and other Internet methods.In terms of challenging the learner to learn and investigate the illustratedcase(s) further the cases give them several direct URL (web) contacts, e-mailaddresses so that they can get in touch with anybody over the web, includingany of the authors who have created/ presented the cases. In several cases,assessment is supported by spreadsheet-based automated tools, that in case ofan incorrect answer hyper-links the learner back to a variety of revisionsolutions, so that the missed material can be learned, and the test re-taken. Theassessment questions
Collection
2008 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Paul G. Ranky
learner back to a variety of revisionsolutions, so that the missed material can be learned, and the test re-taken. The 4assessment questions address exciting engineering, management, andcomputing science / IT (Information Technology), biomedical engineering, andother issues, and in many cases document best practices. This approach helpsdistance learners as well as educators to work with the material in real-worldclassroom and/or virtually web-networked teams.The cases are object-oriented and self-contained, nevertheless can beintegrated/ grouped into different classes of objects in a lean and flexible way(the same way as a modern software program, or a modern
Collection
2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference
Authors
Paul G. Ranky
learner back to a variety of revisionsolutions, so that the missed material can be learned, and the test re-taken. The 4assessment questions address exciting engineering, management, andcomputing science / IT (Information Technology), biomedical engineering, andother issues, and in many cases document best practices. This approach helpsdistance learners as well as educators to work with the material in real-worldclassroom and/or virtually web-networked teams.The cases are object-oriented and self-contained, nevertheless can beintegrated/ grouped into different classes of objects in a lean and flexible way(the same way as a modern software program, or a modern
Conference Session
Instrumentation Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Claire Cynthia Lehman, Bill's Robotic Solution; Mohamad A. Mustafa, Savannah State University; Mir M Hayder, Savannah State University
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation
State University Dr. Hayder is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology at savannah State University, GA. He received PhD in Mechanical Engineering from McGill University, Canada in 2009. His research interest lies in the areas of fluid-structure interaction, flow-induced vibrations, syngas and blended fuel combustion, nanofluids, concentrating solar power technologies, and flow and structural simulations. Page 26.1024.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Introducing Kinematics with Robot Operating System (ROS)AbstractThe study
Conference Session
Empathy and Human-Centered Design 1
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Cristian Eduardo Vargas-Ordóñez, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Morgan M. Hynes, Purdue University at West Lafayette
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
engineering, social justice isa practice that invites to create in and for the real social problems, such as poverty. It means, theknowledge of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics should transcend thehypothetical realm to articulate themselves as engines for defeating this problem. And for that,design is one possible transversal component in STEM areas through which the creation ofsolutions can materialize this idea according to the needs of each population. However, it seemsthat these professionals are not prepared for this task. How can education help with this? This systematized literature review seeks to explore the following questions to clarify onepart of this problem: What type of studies have been conducted to integrate
Conference Session
Systems Engineering Education and K-12
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charles S. Wasson, Wasson Strategics, LLC
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering
domain-baseddesign such as electrical, mechanical, software, et al with a minimal or no level of SE concepts,principles, and practices required to effectively and efficiently perform system development.System development, especially for moderate to large, complex systems, adds a new dimensionof complexity beyond domain-centric engineering concepts. It requires education and training inthe “engineering of systems” – i.e., Systems Engineering. Where voids exist in this knowledge,the organization’s ability to “engineer systems” is typically characterized as ad hoc, chaotic, anddysfunctional rather than efficient and effective.In response to these operational needs, this paper explores the ad hoc, chaotic, and dysfunctionalnature of Systems
Conference Session
Two-Year College Potpourri
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sarah L. Rodriguez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Paul Charles Bigby, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Antarjot Kaur, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two-Year College Division (TYCD)
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University pursuing a Ph.D. in Engineering Education, where he serves as a graduate research assistant. Paul also earned his Bachelor’s from Virginia Tech in Mechanical Engineering, and Master’s degrees from both the University of Michigan and Indiana University. His research interests are in broadening participation in engineering with a systemic or institutional focus.Antarjot Kaur, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Antarjot Kaur is currently a Ph.D. student situated in the Engineering Education Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Antarjot has received her B.S. and M.S. in Bioengineering from George Mason University with
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dira Delpech, The Ohio State University; Emily Dringenberg, The Ohio State University
of completing the interview helps her feel more secure in her ability to speakingknowledgably and convincingly about why minoritization happens in engineering education:I think it's been helpful to see that I know more about it than I always feel confident talkingabout. So, I feel like it's nice to have that reinforced because it is part of my job and I really careabout it. - EllenMoving forward, this insight is shifting our motivation for the project. Initially, we had an ideaof surfacing deeply-held beliefs to change them to align with findings of systematic research. Weare still interested in surfacing deeply-held beliefs as a key mechanism for disrupting inequity,but we are now hypothesizing that making explicit the need for different
Collection
2001 Annual Conference
Authors
Lyle McCurdy; William Drake; Douglas Walcerz
how effective it was forcontinuous course improvement based upon the newly-mandated TAC/ABET criteria. Inparticular, this study will address the following hypothesis statement: The EnableOA software tool will provide a mechanism that is substantially better than existing methods for developing instructor intentions, garnering student input, presenting results a real-time graphical format, and providing for continuous course improvement, all while utilizing the eleven TAC outcome criteria. Page 6.125.3 Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition
Conference Session
Strategies to enhance student learning
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Marybeth Lima P.E., Louisiana State University; Ann D. Christy P.E., Ohio State University
Tagged Divisions
Biological & Agricultural
references, and other materials used by localenvironmental consultants. The results were a series of design reports which were delivered tothe township (Christy et al., 2000).Senior capstone design course: International humanitarian engineering design projects. Atthe Ohio State University (OSU), the Department of Food, Agricultural and BiologicalEngineering expanded the senior capstone design experience to begin at the junior year and toinclude the option of international design projects. For three weeks during the summer betweentheir junior and senior years, teams of students would travel to South Africa to meet withcommunity groups and define design needs. The student teams then returned to the US andworked on year-long capstone design projects
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Technical Session - Effective Teaching 2
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jacqueline Jenkins, Cleveland State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)
and assumes a background in geometry, algebra, calculus and physics.Admittedly, this course is the source of much angst for both students and instructors. I was toldto expect students to be unhappy with the amount of work the course entails and that they wouldcomplain. I was also told to expect a relatively high DFW rate (percent of students earning D andF grades or withdrawing from the course) and a relatively low teaching evaluation.The first year went as expected. Most of my preparation had been spent relearning the material,as I hadn’t studied statics in well over twenty years. That meant I ended up relying on theprepared PowerPoint decks provided by the publisher. I did deviate from the historical twomidterms and final exam structure of
Conference Session
First-Year Programs: Monday Cornucopia (Classroom Innovations)
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Duncan Davis, Northeastern University; Jimmy Gitming Lee, Northeastern University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
controlled throughArduino (Zoltar is a famous brand of mechanical fortune tellers). An example of one traditionalescape room is shown in ​Figure 2​. The introduction to the project and the milestone assessments are done during class time,while construction of the projects are done outside of class. Students construct their projects intheir own creative vision. Materials, electronics, and methodology are all decided by thestudents, with the instructor available for advice or troubleshooting on particular parts.Generally, students gravitate toward cost-efficient materials like plywood and acrylic. Manygroups use Arduino hardware and sensors to add an electrical component to their project.Woodworking was done using either a CNC mill, a laser
Conference Session
Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 5: Remote, Hands-On Laboratories
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmet Sabuncu, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kerri Thornton, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
mechanical engineering. For instance, at theInstitute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Materials at TU Dortmund studentsexperiment with a remote-controlled robot arm that handles specimens for cupping, tensile, andcompression testing [1]. A remotely operated industrial-scale Flowloop test was developed forteaching multi-phase fluid mechanics at the Clausthal University of Technology [2]. In anotherstudy, students program control algorithms for operating mobile remote-controlled robots [3]. Apilot study reports the use of IoT for remote control and monitoring of a 3D printer as anacademic exercise [4]. While the infrastructure for creating remote-controlled experiments withIoT is at a good maturity level, there are a very limited number of case
Conference Session
Project-Based Learning Enhanced through Instrumentation
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David R. Loker, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation Division (INST)
mechanism to single step and debug Python programsrunning on the Pico. During development, programs can be saved onto the PC or the Pi Pico. Ithas a script area for writing code and a Python Shell for running programs. A simple example isshown in Figure 1. This program prints the value of a variable called “resistor” to the console. Figure 1. Python print commandMicroPythonMicroPython is a subset of the Python standard library, and it is optimized to run onmicrocontrollers (e.g., Pi Pico, etc.) for embedded applications [7-8]. The interface to its hardwareI/O is accomplished via functional specific libraries. Some examples include Bluetooth, machine,and network communication. The machine module implements specific