Conference Session

Information Literacy in First-year Courses and Co-curricular Experiences

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joanne Dera, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ashish D. Borgaonkar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Davida Scharf, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Jaskirat Sodhi, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

prioritized. 6. Reflection on what was learned and how it can be used in the future.As Palmer & Tucker [9] determined, introducing information literacy skills in a disciplinarycontext is more effective in skills retention. Furthermore, many first-year students have a higherlevel of confidence in their research abilities than is warranted by the evidence [4], [5], [10].As Kirker & Stonebraker [11] found, student perception of doing research is affected by theirpre-existing knowledge which may not be adequate for college-level research. Thus, informationliteracy instruction is being incorporated into first year engineering courses, and is well-documented to varying levels of success [9, 12-15]. Many institutions, including our own

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 1: Diversity

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Anamika Megwalu, San Jose State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

]. Ina small group, learners have greater control on self-directed learning and have the opportunity topractice self-reflection and self-discipline [23]. These skills are essential for lifelong learning[23]. Small group discussions promote deep, rather than surface learning [24]. Despite many advantages, small group discussions can be a challenge for many students.According to [25], “ Many of the difficulties arise because group work involves the comingtogether of groups of individuals, each with their own knowledge, attitudes to learning, sets ofexperiences and personalities.” In a typical classroom, diversity amongst students is inevitable,even amongst domestic, English speakers. Students’ social and communication behaviors

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Daniela Solomon, Case Western Reserve University; Christopher Heckman, St. Mary's College of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

. 1Literature reviewIn recent years, academic libraries have reported a major shift in focus towardsscholarly communications and research management services [1]. Craft and Harlow [2]observed increased requests from graduate students for scholarly communicationstraining in a variety of topics, with the top choices being “publishing tips” and“post-dissertation publishing” [3]. This demand for training reflects the need amongstudents for guidance in navigating the publication process. Many doctoral programs,especially in the sciences and engineering, require students to publish in order tograduate. As relative novices in the complicated, often opaque arena of academicpublishing, many of these students struggle with the task and would benefit fromguidance

Conference Session

Delivering Value in Publishing and Scholarship

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniela Solomon, Case Western Reserve University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

data analysis, reflects on the benefits of visualizingbibliometric data, and future plans.IntroductionAs every librarian knows, department and subject knowledge are requisite for a successful liaison practice.This was not the case, however, when I became the Civil Engineering (CE) department’s liaison: I wasunfamiliar with the resources specific to the discipline and the department was not communicative. At thetime, the CE department’s webpage had not been updated in some time, so very little accurate informationabout the department was available. To further complicate matters, the nine faculty members had minimal (ifany) interaction with the library: no purchasing or subscription suggestions, no cancelation complaints. Thesame was true for

Conference Session

Improving and Understanding Engineering Collections and Publication

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Qianjin Zhang, University of Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

important list that we should include in the collection, and thelist of the journals in Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 as a potential list for revisit if we would encounter a budgetcut in the future. The results reflected variability of the usage pattern while the cost-per-use modelfailed to do so, suggesting additional criteria for the current pruning practice. Figure 10. Percentage of Journal Usage Respectively for Publications, Citations and DownloadsNext, K-Means clustering had two advantages in journal usage analysis compared to a synthesis methodused for the original journal usage report. K-Means clustering was easy to apply because it would simplyfind journals with a similar pattern of how a journal had been used with respect to

Conference Session

Fresh Perspectives on Information Literacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy S. Van Epps, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

make informed decisions about which engineering discipline to pursue. • Explain the critical role of cross-cultural and multidisciplinary teamwork in nurturing diverse perspectives and the creation of innovative engineering solutions that meets the needs of diverse users. • Reflect on your teamwork and leadership abilities, recognizing how your behavior impacts the whole team, and making team process adjustments whenever necessary. • Explain critical and diverse uses of modeling in engineering to understand problems, represent solutions, compare alternatives, make predications, etc. • Use multiple models, estimation, and logic to triangulate and evaluate information coming from various data sources

Conference Session

Information Literacy: Preparing Students for the Real World

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patsy Hulse, University of Auckland; Dahlia Dantang Han, University Auckland, Engineering Library; Emil Melnichenko, University of Auckland; Susan Brookes, University of Auckland, Engineering Library

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

is your job now to findout if this is really a problem and if there are viable alternatives to its use as packaging.”After further discussion it was decided to divide the tutorial into modules that reflected the mainmanagement themes of Enggen303 and covered the information resources these required. All ofthese modules contained tips, self-tests and interactive exercises as detailed above. Most alsocontained short videos which showed students how to access particular types of information. Themodules became:Module 1 - ‘Is polystyrene bad?’ There are varying opinions on the environmental impact ofpolystyrene and you will need to do your own research. ‘Finding articles’ introduces students toeffective ways of searching using Google and Google

Conference Session

Information Tools and Techniques for Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J White, Queen's University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

, primarily journals, should be acquired, retained,moved into storage and discarded. In addition to being a useful tool for collection developmentpurposes, citation analysis can also provide insights into the developing core literature ofemerging and interdisciplinary fields. Interdisciplinarity is frequently cited as a way to breakdown silos between disciplines and facilitate solutions to real-world problems. In this study,citation analysis was performed on references from PhD and master’s theses written byengineering graduate students affiliated with an interdisciplinary Fuel Cell Research Center(FCRC). The author is especially interested in determining the degree to which interdisciplinarityis reflected in the materials cited by graduate students

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 1: Diversity

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shalini Ramachandran, Boise State University; Steven Matthew Cutchin, Boise State University; Sheree Fu, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

that reflect gender stereotypes when doing a routinesearch,” was that 42.9% of females report as true compared to 34.4% of males. Furthermore,students seem to recognize gender bias when searching online with Latinx students reportingthe highest at 28.8% with the least being those who identified as Other at 16.1%. Our survey didnot directly ask students whether they had heard of or were aware of the concept of algorithm.bias. The survey questions were to determine if students had perceived any bias in their dailyinteraction with search engines and AI. Fig. 3. Government should regulate search engine resultsAdditionally, most students (83%) agreed that private companies should regulate themselveswith regard to correcting

Conference Session

Informing the Critical Understanding of Our Users: Using Data to Develop New and Diverse Services

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kate Mercer, University of Waterloo; Kari D. Weaver, University of Waterloo; Ariel Jocelyn Stables-Kennedy, Western University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

.” [2] In undergraduate education this is reflected inthe approach to courses and research in engineering education, to the point it can bereferred to as the ‘design process’ rather than the ‘research process.’ Engineeringpractitioners find and use a variety of academic and technical information sources in theirwork and as early as their 1st year, when engineering students, by nature of their chosenpath, deviate from their peers in their information seeking behavior.There is a well-established body of literature around the information seeking behaviors ofprofessional engineers. Professional engineers need to find highly reliable, and deeplytechnical information to successfully make critical decisions [3]. Allard, Levine, &Tenopir identify

Conference Session

Student-Centered Information Literacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer (Cong Yan) Zhao, McGill University; Tara Mawhinney, McGill University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

considering students’ information related needs (e.g.what kinds of issues students face when conducting research) and do not address informationneeds within the specific context of students’ own research and learning experiences. Eckel’sopinion piece9 entitled “A Reflection on plagiarism, patchwriting, and the engineering master’sthesis” briefly discusses difficulties that international students in engineering have when writingtheir theses and suggests that librarians and graduate programs have a role to play in educatingthese students on how to synthesize information from other sources and cite their sourcescorrectly.Information literacy needs in a research context Among research studies that examine Chinese students in other disciplines

Conference Session

Assessment of Information Literacy Programs for Engineers

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alysia Starkey, Kansas State University-Salina; Jung Oh, Kansas State University-Salina; Judith Collins, Kansas State University-Salina; Beverlee Kissick, Kansas State University-Salina

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

remainder of this paper as moreappropriate.Information fluency reflects the process of acquiring a proficiency by degrees, as part of anongoing process, where “fluency” is relative to the context in which performance occurs.Approximations of a second “language” must be practiced, as new proficiency is graduallyacquired. In the remainder of this paper, the authors use the words information fluency, ratherthan information literacy, to refer to a constellation of abilities in the use of information systems.We first: (a) refer to TAC of ABET accreditation Criterion 2 to demonstrate the process of faculty/librarian teamwork in a mechanical engineering technology information assignment, then (b) share examples of early

Conference Session

Technical Session 1: Collaborating with Engineering Students and Faculty

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander J. Carroll, North Carolina State University; Bertha P. Chang, North Carolina State University; Honora N. Eskridge, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

enumerates numerous additional reasons that engineers may not use physicallibraries, ranging from the practical (having to travel some distance compared to the convenienceof remotely accessing online resources) to the psychological (the phenomenon of libraryanxiety).21-27 To overcome this, the scholarly record reflects numerous innovative efforts bySTEM liaison librarians to reach these hermetic students and researchers. Previous initiativesrecorded in the literature include reorganizing staffing at service points to provide subjectspecialists with more time for advanced research questions,28 revamping libraries’ web presenceto make subject specialists more visible,29 launching satellite reference services within academicbuildings,30-32 creating

Conference Session

Making an Impact: Building Support with Data and Design

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Figueiredo, University of Waterloo; Angela Henshilwood, University of Toronto; Michelle Spence, University of Toronto; Mindy Thuna, University of Toronto; Siu Hong Yu, University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

work.Often, these researchers are working on solving very practical and very pressing social,environmental, or infrastructural problems, and government policy or decisions can be directedby their research. The benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration are reflected in CSCE’s recentstrategic directions, such as leading sustainable infrastructure [14]. Such goals depend oncollaboration with other associations, including the Canadian Association on Water Quality(CAWQ) and the International Society for Environmental Information Sciences (ISEIS) [15]. Bypooling resources, expertise and experience, researchers are more adept at tackling large-scale,interdisciplinary problems, such as sustainability or universal design. However, working

Conference Session

Information Literacy in First-year Courses and Co-curricular Experiences

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Evie Cordell, Northeastern University; Alissa P. Link Cilfone, Northeastern University; Susan F. Freeman, Northeastern University; Richard Whalen, Northeastern University; Brooke Davis Williams, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

slide showed only the questionstudents had to answer. Students had between one and two minutes to find the answer in thedatabase. The time limits were meant to keep the class moving rather than restrict students fromanswering, and extra time was granted when requested. On the following slide, students had 20seconds to choose their answer from multiple choice options. Most students were able to answerthe questions correctly in the amount of time given; however, some students experienced troublelogging into PollEverywhere, while others missed the explanation of the rules or took too long tosubmit their answers, so not all students who participated are reflected in the quiz numbersbelow. Generally, the librarians checked whether students were

Conference Session

Information Tools and Techniques for Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Giovanna Badia, McGill University; April Colosimo, McGill University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

Page 23.243.8 informing. Instructions, descriptions, or links to resources for activities can remain on a slide in the web conferencing environment. Set strict time limitations and bring everyone’s attention back to the environment after exercises, otherwise participants will multi-task.5 Use questioning as an active learning technique to involve everyone via audio, chat, or with the use of a whiteboard. Be patient and wait for responses.2, 25 Decide how to manage discussions beforehand, with participants raising their hands or waiting for their turn to type or speak.26 Take time to reflect on comments and ask participants to elaborate. If you feel relaxed enough, you can prompt specific

Conference Session

Assessing, Expanding, and Innovating Information Literacy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Erin Rowley, University at Buffalo; Lauren Kuryloski, University at Buffalo; Kristen Moore, University at Buffalo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

range, and include the budget in an appendix to the primary report as well. The limitedbudget forced students to (in some instances dramatically) reconsider their recommendations,now striking a balance between satisfying their client and meeting ethical obligations to deliver asafe final product to consumers.The project as whole reflects a number of innovative pedagogical approaches that dependedentirely on the full integration of instructors, researchers, and librarians: the entirety of thepedagogical case study, including the syllabus schedule, the assignments, the instructionallesson, and the assessment was developed collaboratively. This unique approach provides thebasis for the authors’ results and discussion.Results and DiscussionAt the

Conference Session

To Boldly Go... Engineering Librarians Explore New Connections with Users

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aleteia Greenwood, University of British Columbia; Eugene Barsky, University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

successfully partake in learning how information is organized. Because the librarianshave one shot at this class they do not have the opportunity to revisit the class, ask forfeedback and allow students to reflect on their experience. However, the librariansalways make themselves available for Science 101 students and generally about a third ofthem contact the librarians every year with follow up questions and comments.Why Are Librarians Involved With This Class?The librarians believe that the presence of libraries in this class’ curriculum expands thestudents’ knowledge base in the sense of understanding that they are welcome to thecampus and should avail themselves of the services available. Since the library representsaccess to information the work

Conference Session

Information Tools and Techniques for Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Richards, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

referenced could easily be considered withoutleaving the spread. The results are remarkably consistent for Segui and McCormac, each withabout 66 proximity; these two books have the greatest market share for undergraduate steelcourses. Proximities in this neighborhood reflect the effort of publishers to keep referencedobjects on the same spread.Table 3 Proximities of referenced objects Proximity of Referenced Objects (%)Author(s) Same Page Facing Page Same Spread FurtherWilliam T. Segui 50.0 15.6 65.6 34.4Jack C. McCormac 50.0 16.7 66.7 27.7Louis F. Geschwindner

Conference Session

“And Other Duties as Assigned”

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Sapp Nelson, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

Page 14.862.5were distributed and chalking messages on sidewalks was used, particularly during orientationand other special events. This tactical analysis, reflected in the flowchart above, aided reflectionon previous marketing practices and provided insight into the patron groups that were previouslythe primary audiences of marketing projects.Another round of research followed that profiled the patrons that were effectively being servedthrough previous marketing practices and those patrons that were being missed. The primarypatron groups, also known as target markets, represent a variety of groups from around theColleges of Engineering and Technology, as well as across Purdue University and throughout thestate of Indiana. Due to the diversity

Conference Session

Beneficial Partnerships: Enhancing Library Programming with Strategic Collaborations

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniela Solomon, Case Western Reserve University; Ya-Ting T. Liao, Case Western Reserve University; J. Thomas Chapin, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

teachers and students monitor progress.”When planning a formative assessment, Fisher & Frey [24] recommend starting by identifyingthe desired outcomes of the instruction session, adopting appropriate class activities to create anengaging lesson, and considering what evidence would be acceptable to demonstrateunderstanding. Class activities that may be considered are pre- and post-tests, various classroomassessment techniques (CATs) with active learning components (e.g., reflection, summaries,questions throughout the lessons, misconceptions checks, short responses, online games),teamwork, peer teaching, etc. CATs represent an excellent way to engage with the audience, andthey can be used at any point during a session to provide immediate

Conference Session

Professional Issues and Opportunities for Engineering Librarians

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alison Henry, University of Alberta; Lauren Stieglitz, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

of Science Categories assigned to each paper.In total, 94 separate Categories were present. Table 1 shows the results of all Web of ScienceCategories applied to at least 4% of papers (60 or more articles). A table with the rest of thecategory results can be found in Appendix A. In Web of Science, multiple Categories can beassigned to each journal or publication, so records will often have two to four Categoriesassigned to them. This is reflected in our results, as the sum of the papers in each categoryexceeds the number of papers examined (1408) and the summed percentages exceeds 100%. Table I Web of Science Categories applied to systematic reviews

Conference Session

It’s All About the Students

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Christe, Drexel University, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics; Savannah Lee, Drexel University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rishiraj B Mathur, Drexel University, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics; Krzysztof W Mazur, Drexel University, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics; Jay J. Bhatt, Drexel University ; Christopher A. Badurek, Drexel University; Matthew Morton, Knovel at Elsevier

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

werealso included. Where possible, questions integrated concepts from multiple disciplines. Allquestions could be answered using multiple references in the database, relaxing the dependencyon particular institutional subscriptions and better reflecting actual usage of the database. (21)Adopting a common game design element , questions progressively increased in difficulty.The “beginner” stage required the definition of a keyword, while the “intermediate” stagerequired a lookup of a single equation with perhaps a simple calculation or a material property.The “advanced” stage would constitute a calculation question with multiple steps involved orqualitative understanding of a

Conference Session

Reimagining Engineering Information Literacy: Novel Perspectives on Integration, Assessment, Competencies & Information Use

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Fosmire, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amy S. Van Epps, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nastasha E Johnson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

designproject.There are some differences in the nature of the work compared between the two settings, firstthat the Tech 120 work is tied directly to a design project, while the PPI work could be a designprocess artifact, but was more typically a longer written document, more like a typical first-yearEnglish paper. In addition, the Tech 120 artifact is the result of teamwork, so it is unclear if thebibliography is the work of a particular student, or a reflection of the skills for the whole team.Meanwhile, the PPI assignment is for the individual, so individual learning gains are beingmeasured more directly, one of the stated benefits of badges in education.For PPI the incomplete rate (30.3%) is indicative of a failure to complete the course and receiptof an

Conference Session

Information Literacy Programs for First-Year Engineering Students

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Bowles-Terry, University of Wyoming; Larry Schmidt, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

evidenced by the student whothought Wikipedia was a peer-reviewed source. Repetition and experience with actual peerreviewed sources will reinforce the concept over time. Finally, we’re not convinced that this isan appropriate learning outcome for first-year students. They are just being inducted into thescholarly community of engineers, and their information needs may be better served by lesstechnical articles.Student ConfidenceOn the pre- and post-tests, in addition to probing for students’ knowledge and experience withresearch concepts and tools, we asked one confidence question. Angelo and Cross6 suggest that aconfidence survey helps instructors to identify where students feel comfortable and where theydo not, and reflecting on confidence

Conference Session

Information Literacy: Theory and Practice

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

2Strongly Disagree or Unacceptable 1 Page 22.254.10APPENDIX D: W.S.U. CRITICAL THINKING RUBRIC Source: http://wsuctproject.wsu.edu/ctr.htm 1. Identifies, summarizes (and appropriately reformulates) the problem/question/work assignment.This dimension focuses on task or issue identification, including subsidiary, embedded, or implicitaspects of an issue and the relationships integral to effective analysis. 2. Identifies and considers the influence of context and assumptions.This dimension focuses on scope and context, and considers audience of the analysis. Context includesrecognition of the relative nature of context and assumptions, the reflective

Conference Session

Evolving Engineering Libraries: Services, Spaces, and Collections

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jody T. Hoesly, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Anne C. Glorioso, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

time the pull list was created, librarians would batch modify thestatus of that pull list so that no indivudual work needed to be done to change the status of thosevolumes. Students would take the pull list, fill a cart, go back to the processing area, box theitems and label the boxes. Here is an example of a monograph work order for sendingmonographs to dim storage: Page 22.417.15VERIFICATIONSince we relied on student help to pull and process the majority of materials, we devised aprocess in which librarians would verify item status and make sure the items were properlyreflected in the catalog (or not reflected, as in most cases). Verification

Conference Session

Outreach and Beyond: New Roles for Librarians

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jim Miller, University of Maryland; Bob Kackley, University of Maryland, College Park; Nevenka Zdravkovska, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

these ninth to twelfth grade students werebeing heavily recruited to attend the University of Maryland upon matriculation from theirrespective high schools.Upon later reflection we realized how many opportunities the Maryland Libraries, includingEPSL Librarians, have taken advantage of to enhance the University of Maryland in the eyes ofnewcomers. For example, every year on the last Saturday in April, Maryland Day occurs oncampus with as many as 75,000 visitors, many below the age of 18. For several years forMaryland Day, the UM Libraries have sponsored a well-known children’s TV celebrity, Bob theVid Tech, from Maryland Public Television fame in a tent crammed full of youngsters. The otherinitiatives include "History Day", put on by the UM

Conference Session

Evolving Engineering Libraries: Services, Spaces, and Collections

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott A. Curtis, University of Missouri, Kansas City

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

several formatsthat other researchers have grouped under grey literature, as well as a grey literatureclassification (e.g. separate classifications for government documents, patents, technical reports,and standards). If these findings were combined, Eckel’s data would indicate that, for allMasters’ theses in all majors in the College of Engineering, citation of grey literature wasroughly 25-30% of all citations in the theses. Eckel was also able to show that Ph.D. dissertationscontained more journal articles, fewer web sites, and on average had older resources over a Page 22.876.5longer span of time than the Masters’ theses, perhaps reflecting a

Conference Session

Making an Impact: Building Support with Data and Design

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaoju "Julie" Chen, Carnegie Mellon University; Jessica Benner, Carnegie Mellon University; Sarah Young, Carnegie Mellon University; Matthew R. Marsteller, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

: 1) collaboration; 2) data practice; 3) published information; and 4)scholarly communication. Given the semi-structured nature of the interviews, it is not surprisingthat the themes reflect the sections of the interview instrument itself. The first theme“collaboration” describes the natural of research practice among the researchers in the privateinstitution; the remaining three themes show the activities related to their research practices. Table1 summarized the main themes and sub-themes found in this study. The details of these themesare described below in this session. Table1: Summary of main themes and subthemes in this study Main Theme Subthemes Collaboration Collaborating for