Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum & non-Technical Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

JoDell Steuver, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

organization has trained 300 persons in computer repair todate.The student volunteer at the computer recycling location took his son and neighborhood highschool students with him on Saturdays. They were exposed to diversity, learned to give of theirtime, developed their own talents and helped transport loads of computer parts. Hopefully, theirexperiences will help them to develop some lifelong habits of giving to the community. Thestudent made a strong emotional commitment to his project despite his reservations.In reflection, the information technologist admitted that his was an emotionally challengingexperience. He worked with disabled, unemployed, low-income, inner-city residents. Thesepersons were likely to be ethnically or racially diverse. Some

Conference Session

Successful Grant Proposals

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Houdeshell, Sinclair Community College; Paul Giguere, Sinclair Community College; Gilah Pomeranz, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Diffusion of Innovations. This research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under DUE 0302574. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.References Cited1. Houdeshell, J. and G. Pomeranz. Preliminary Results from a NSF-ATE Funded Distributed Hybrid Instructional Delivery Project. in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, "Engineering Education Reaches New Heights". 2004. Salt Lake, Utah: American Society for Engineering Education.2. Houdeshell, J. Results From the NSF-ATE Distributed Hybrid Instructional Delivery Project. in ASEE Annual Conference

Conference Session

ETD Accreditation and Assessment

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behnam Shadravan, Florida A&M University; Yves J. Anglade, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Emmanuel Cofie, Florida A&M University/Florida State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

level. Though it is oftenPrograms in engineering technology grant students a technical base education. However, it doesnot completely prepare students to handle the breadth of the material instructed in engineeringcourses. A Master’s degree offered in the engineering technology department will have to betailored to match qualifications the undergraduates while also meeting the changing demands ofand the progress of the industry .ConclusionThe researchers examined students’ responses and found that they reflect an overall positiveattitude toward their own education in the construction engineering technology program atFAMU. The student responses derived a reasonable assessment of overall student sentiment.The results indicated that the students

Conference Session

ETD Learning Approaches

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University; Hugh Jack P. Eng. P.E., Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

manufacturing. Students in Engineeringprograms have been very well versed in analysis, simulation, and abstract design. By themselveseach of these programs have strengths and weaknesses. However, when combining students fromboth of these program we develop teams that more closely reflect professional design teams. Theability to successfully implement complex design and build projects is enhanced.This paper outlines the design of a program at Western Carolina University (WCU) thatculminates with a senior capstone project for industry. Projects are done by teams of studentsmixed from the School disciplines of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electricaland Computer Engineering Technology, and Applied Systems Engineering Technology. A

Conference Session

Engineering Technology

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

effect oftheir efforts. Often a true demographic of these students is not understood, leaving organizerswith generalizations based upon activities and interactions in the informal setting. Manysuccesses have been recorded and discussed at length11,13, without a great deal of differentiationof students based on gender, age, or ethnicities. All of them have been proven to influencechoice of major and extracurricular interests.Demographics. Some assert that the demographics of different STEM groups have changed dueto these efforts inside and outside of the formal school setting. However, the demographics havenot changed in ways that reflect current demographics of the population at large14. It is unclear ifthis is due to targeted or convenient

Conference Session

ETD Capstone Projects

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David J. Broderick, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

set to 1, the secondpoint is now selected as the nearest. Theincorrect selection of the data point causedthe error in the estimates seen in the validationdata set. During the Detailed DesignReview faculty and students determined Figure 4: An illustration of deficiencies foundthat sufficient prototyping was performed during prototyping. 2 dimensional example ofby the team. Issues with the preliminary measurement space. (top) Projection of that samedesign had been identified and a sufficient plan space onto 1 dimensional space. (bottom)existed to address those deficiencies. The teamupdated all documents to reflect the necessarychanges and maintained sufficient focus on the problem identified in the Concept

Conference Session

Issues in Mechanical Engineering Technology I

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fredrick A. Nitterright, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; David Clippinger, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to quality, timeliness, and continuous improvement.To facilitate this formative assessment, the program adopted the use of developmental rubrics asdescribed in works such as [4] in its Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET) programs. Sincethe program’s institution offers both two-year (Associate’s) and four-year (Bachelor’s) degreeprograms, the developmental rubrics were created in a “cascading” format to reflect the continuumof outcome development that students could expect by matriculating from the two-year programinto the four-year.The program’s outcome assessment rubrics for these two outcomes are shown here as tables 2 and3. Note how the “Developing” achievement level for the four-year (BS) degree coincides with the“meets expectations

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri III

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mustafa Shraim, Ohio University; Neil Littell, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

6σ 0.00034% 3.4When variation is excessive in the components, it is reflected in the resulting assembly and afraction of which could be rejected. To improve performance of the process and reduce theoverall assembly variation, it is imperative to identify which components need to be tackled first.This can be achieved by calculating the contribution each component makes to the overallvariation using the variances. For example, to calculate the contribution of any of component,Equation 2 can be used: % 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑥 100% (2)Once contribution for each component is known, order of improvement can be made based onsize of contribution as well as cost of

Conference Session

Issues in Mechanical Engineering Technology II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Dai Vian, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nancy L. Denton P.E., Purdue Polytechnic Institute's School of Engineering Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

property resultscaused by variability in the manufacturing process and material. The understanding ofmechanical properties, such as resilience, yield stress, normal strain, and modulus of elasticity, isstrengthened and extended beyond textbook and lecture knowledge. At the same time, thisproject helps students get more practice in sample production, measurement, and testingprocesses. Pre- and post-surveys focused on learning efficacy, research interest, laboratoryexperience, and team working were completed by the students. This paper presents the results ofboth surveys, evaluation of the discussion and conclusion sections from the students' projectreports, and reflections on how the 2018 project modifications affected student

Conference Session

Academe/Industry Collaboration

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nabin Sapkota, Northwestern State University of Louisiana; Laurie D. Morrow, Central Louisiana Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to and advance through education and training programs leading to stackable credentials. These career pathways can be implemented by developing and executing articulation agreements between the educational institutions thus avoiding any ambiguity. 6. Continuous Improvement: The term continuous improvement is used across industries to describe a process or approach to problem solving that represents an ongoing effort to improve outcomes. On a regular basis, sponsors, community partners, and any academic institutions involved should reflect and learn from experience while testing and refining strategies to produce imporved results. The MAP team must constantly be alert and aware of areas of needing

Conference Session

Computer-related Issues

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Allen Hotalen Jr., ECU Department of Technology Systems; Te-shun Chou, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

component idea will be used to displaythe score/messege board (a table) containing all users name, score, and related messages in thelabs component. Not only does this provide for enhanced responsiveness, but it helps keep theapplication code organized and in small pieces. For instance, if the above mentioned table needsto have its HTML or CSS edited, there is just one place to go: the table component. Likewise, ifthe navigation component needs to be modified or debugged, there is just one place to applythese changes and the changes reflect everywhere the navigation component is displayed.Another feature of Angular 5 are *ngIf directives, which are used to dynamically place extralinks on the navigation bar, such as account and logout, once the user

Conference Session

ET Administrative Issues

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy K. Sundheim, St. Cloud State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Practice through Collaborative Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2011.[7] A. Childre, J. R. Sands, and S. T. Pope, “Backward Design: Targeting Depth of Understanding for All Learners,” Teaching Exceptional Children, vol. 41, issue 5, pp. 6-14, 2009.[8] K. DiRanna, E. Osmundson, J. Topps, L. Barakos, M. Gearhart, K. Cerwin, D. Carnahan, and C. Strang, Assessment-Centered Teaching: A Reflective Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin, 2008.[9] W. Cerbin and B. Kopp, “Lesson Study as a Model for Building Pedagogical Knowledge and Improving Teaching,” International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, vol. 18, issue 3, pp. 250-257, 2006.[10] J. McTighe and J. L. Brown, “Differentiated Instruction and Educational

Conference Session

EET Papers 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elaine M. Cooney, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Paul Yearling P.E., Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Karl J. Huehne, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

were clarified. Students came to lab more familiar with the circuit and the process to buildit. All these effects contributed to prevent mistakes in the process.To sustain these improvements, the revisions to the lab assignment will be made permanent; theinstructor and teaching assistants will look for clarifications in other assignment instructions. In thefuture, students will be asked to anticipate failure modes and how to prevent them as part of the pre-laboratory assignment, then reflect on those predictions in lab report conclusions. Training on otherLean Six Sigma techniques will be included in the curriculum.This project demonstrates that even a brief, 75 minute Kaizen event held for freshman circuits studentscan improve their

Conference Session

MET and Mechatronics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez P.E., Western Michigan University; Alamgir A. Choudhury, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, Kolb’s experientiallearning cycle [8] is one of the most widely utilized. This methodology has four steps: abstractconceptualization, active experimentation, concrete experience and reflective observation. A keyaspect is to define the activities that complete the learning cycle without burdening the studentsin the process. The inductive learning process has been previously applied to fluid mechanicsand heat transfer [9, 10] with positive results, and it is the approach to be followed in theproposed work.BackgroundThe proposed work focuses on solving the current situation where most of the students inengineering or technology programs have limited exposure to the subject of fluid power. As aresult, graduating students are not well prepared to

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Mosier P.E., Oklahoma State University; William E. Genereux, Kansas State University; Katie Rieger, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

caused some unusual perspective issues. These issues were discussed afterthe in-class presentations of the videos.As a basis for comparison, the two statements which identified the name of the course anddegree program were normalized. Those statements reflect the individual programs but arewritten in the same format for responses. When comparing the results of this survey to theprevious survey on ComET students, they had similar neutral results to the video camerastatement. There was a similar negative response to the course enjoyment statement between thetwo groups. A third similarity is that the ComET students had positive responses to theremainder of the questions as did the CmET students. An additional item of note is that althoughthere were

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Immanuel Edinbarough P.E., University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Adriana Rios Santiago, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Jesus Gonzalez-Rodriguez, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

SATA USA, LLC for their valuablesuggestions and partnership in CMM training and development.References [1] Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Job openings and labor turnover survey,” August 7, 2018. [2] 2018 Deloitte and The Manufacturing Institute skills gap and future work study, https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/manufacturing/articles/future-of-manufacturing- skills-gap-study.html. [3] The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley http://www.utrgv.edu/en-us/ [4] The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley - Engineering Technology program http://www.utrgv.edu/_files/documents/admissions/undergraduate/dp-engineering- technology-bs.pdf [5] Fornaro, R.J., Heil, M.R, and Alan L. Tharp, A. L., 2006, “Reflections

Conference Session

New Directions for ET

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A. Untener P.E., University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

many important conclusions. SNU students, for example, indicated that theyrelied heavily upon their UD counterparts with regard to open-ended problems and goals andprocedures that were purposely loosely defined in this senior level lab. Groups that matchedSNU transfers with traditional UD students performed well, and indicated a high level ofsatisfaction with lab partners. “The most significant observation from this exercise was the impact of peer-to- peer learning on both Chinese and American student performance… grades reflect the benefit. It was not, however, anticipated that this environment would also promote a better understanding of the material for the associated American students

Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Loryn R. Becker, Michigan Technological University; Ted J. Wierzba, Michigan Technological University; Mohsen Azizi, Michigan Technological University; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Ebrahim Tarshizi, Michigan Technological University; Laura Claire O'Connor, Michigan Technological University; Ryan J. Livernois, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

• 16 Analog pins • 14 Pulse Width Modulation pins • 128 KB of Flash Memory • 5V Operating VoltageUltrasonic Sensor:The four HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Modules [13] mounted to the four sides of the truck offer a collisiondetection system by sending out a short burst of ultrasonic sound. These sounds reflect off fromthe surrounding environment and then return back to the sensor. By measuring the time that it takesfor the echo to return, the distance between the sensor and the nearest object are calculated. Thespecifications are as follows: • Operating Voltage: 5V • Operating Current: 15mA • Effectual Angle: <15° • Ranging Distance: 2cm - 400cm / 1” - 13ft 3 • Measuring

Conference Session

Robotics, Automation, and Product Development

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown; Steely Earl Varon Falar, University of Houston, Downtown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

constraints on the controlled variable and the tuningparameters. Manipulated variable constraints are meant to reflect the inherent capacity of theprocess to cause and/or reject change in the case of setpoint response or load disturbances,respectively. Controlled variable constraints are meant to meet desired objectives such as productquality constraints. Constraints on the tuning parameters are meant to limit the search space byutilizing experiential knowledge or analytical knowledge.In this study, the IMC filter time constant will be estimated. Its estimation is done by optimizingeither the integral absolute error (IAE) or the integral square error (ISE) over a desired timehorizon, tf. Other performance measures could also be considered. The

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technology Education I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University; Eddy Efendy, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

students in this study.This study included a few outcomes and conclusions that would be helpful to engineeringtechnology education practitioners, they include:  At the start of the research only 10% of the engineering technology students knew how to find technical information in the library.  Reflective comments and post-test results indicated that the assignment exposed all of the students to literacy skills, with most exhibiting skill improvement.  Students practicing the newfound skills earlier in the project were more successful in demonstration of those skills than students that waited.  Unstructured topics were difficult for these students to deal with; some were concerned about the quality of

Conference Session

Curriculum and New Course Development in ET

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Ahmad, Northwestern State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

fabrication processes. Elements of Occupational Supervision: Preparation, training, and problems of the supervisor. Project Design I: Principles of project management and engineering economics. Development of proposals for senior design project. Project Design II: This is a capstone course for engineering technology majors. Students will work with a professor to design a project that reflects several aspects of the student’s curriculum. Group work. Students will prepare a written project report and give an oral presentation.The project management institute defines project management as “the application of knowledge,skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements8”. To do so

Conference Session

ETAC/ABET Related Issues

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. William White AIA, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Veto Matthew Ray, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Elaine M. Cooney, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, data, rubrics and assorted documentation will facilitate preparation for the on-site accreditation visit. All faculty work is shared and available, eliminating the need to access different computer drives, locations and addresses.Course ReflectionA long-standing process initiated by the department, the course reflection form is an importantself-appraisal executed by the instructor at the close of every semester. The form is a personalevaluation of how well the semester progressed. It encourages the instructor to consider the Page 26.807.8changes made, their apparent effectiveness within the classroom and recommendations for

Conference Session

Curriculum and New Course Development in ET

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Ahmad, Northwestern State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

manufacturing processes. Methods engineering, job shop and automation practices; machining and fabrication processes.  Elements of Occupational Supervision: Preparation, training, and problems of the supervisor.  Project Design I: Principles of project management and engineering economics. Development of proposals for senior design project.  Project Design II: This is a capstone course for engineering technology majors. Students will work with a professor to design a project that reflects several aspects of the student’s curriculum. Group work. Students will prepare a written project report and give an oral presentation.The courses from the selected Industrial Engineering Technology program are

Conference Session

ETAC/ABET Related Issues

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammed Abdallah, State University of New York,Polytechnic Inst.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

information is then captured and summarized on a Course-LevelAssessment Form.For each ETAC/ABET criteria a-k, one or more student outcomes are developed and mapped tothe criteria. In this paper, criteria “C” is considered for exemplification purpose. It is the abilityto conduct standard tests and measurements; to conduct, analyze, and interpret experiments; andto apply experimental results to improve processes.A student outcome can be proposed to reflect these criteria. In this paper, a student outcome isproposed to assess criteria “C” in the Electrical/Computer Engineering Technology program. Anew rubric to assess this student outcome is presented along with data collected. Ideas forimprovement are reported as well, in order to close the loop

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technolgy Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E. Shirl Donaldson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Anne M Lucietto, Purdue University, School of Engineering Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

expect these students to graduate with these skills.A professor at a large Midwest land grant institution gave a senior level quality course an activitythat challenged the students to define critical thinking and demonstrate it. The results and potentialimplications are discussed in this article. Eighty- two percent of the students were scheduled tograduate at the end of the semester. Fifty- seven percent did not adequately define critical thinkingor demonstrate it. Twenty percent of the students had received offers of employment two monthsbefore graduation. The lack of job offers could be reflective of a competitive job market or a lackof readiness of the students for the workforce. We will develop recommendations and furtherresearch goals in

Conference Session

Active Learning and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jyhwen Wang, Texas A&M University; Ying Zhang, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

students’ exploration of concepts, principles,and solutions, and reflection about what/why they are doing.2,3 Students’ knowledge retentionand problem-solving skills can be enhanced when they learn what they care about. 4,5 Tofacilitate student learning in mechanics of materials and finite element analysis, a novel portablepen-and-tablet-based system was developed.11, 12 The software platform, which bridges the gapbetween engineering design and analysis, helps students to study their own design and to seekvarious design options before a detailed design is achieved.It can be observed that the previous efforts mostly provided opportunities for students to engagein design. The need of a mechanism to incrementally guide students to transition from

Conference Session

ETD Curriculum

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behbood Ben Zoghi, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

required to supplement the remote classroom experience. Social activities during this residency will bring cohorts together for a final shared experience. 3. Capstone/Graduation Residency (Reflections) - The culmination of the TCMT program, this residency provides students the forum for final class presentations and assessments. Interactions, discussions, and feedback mark the integration of learning and application. Students participate in Aggie's graduation ceremonies alongside campus students.Residency Week 2017 will be held August 13-17, 2018 in College Station, Texas.Costs & AdmissionsThe 2018-2019 tuition rate for the METM program is $45,000 for in-state and $55,000 for out-of

Conference Session

ETD Accreditation and Assessment

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mir M. Hayder, Savannah State University; Mohamad A. Mustafa, Savannah State University; Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Alberto G. De La Cruz, Savannah State University; Lisa Yount, Savannah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

degree from a program that isnationally accredited provides the students confidence in the quality of education they receive[5]. Accreditation status provides the opportunity to students to transfer their credits to otheraccredited programs or institutions, if needed and also signals the potential employers that astudent’s degree met the widely accepted standards relevant to his/her program [6]. For a highereducational institution and its programs, accreditation provides the opportunity for self-definitionand self-reflection, and opens the door for continuous improvement effort [7, 8].Savannah State University (SSU) is a SACS (Southern Association of Colleges and Schools)accredited higher educational institution. Southern Association of Colleges

Conference Session

ET Peripherals

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

level of comfort aperson has as it relates to people that are different from them.Intercultural Learning Goals. In preparation for the study abroad experience, the leaders of thiscultural experience identified the following intercultural goal for the program.Students acquire knowledge in ways they did not anticipate through the learning, social, andcultural experiences at the German university. Ultimately, students experience curiosity, opennessto different cultural norms, and can identify components of other cultural perspectives respondingwith their worldview.The leaders also added a reflection to the end of the Miville-Guzman Universality – Diversity Scalewhen administered post-event to further their understanding of what the students

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teshad Chambers; Jinmyun Jo, Virginia State University; Wei-Bang Chen, Virginia State University; Christopher Washington, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

this material arethose of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the aforementioned agencies and university.REFERENCES 1. G. B. Sanders1, W. E. Larson2, K. R. Sacksteder, C. Mclemore, K. Johnson, NASA In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Technology and Development Project Overviews, Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF) Albuquerque, NM, 10-14 Feb. 2008. 2. C. Muscatello, and E. Santiago-Maldonado, Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Technology Evaluation, Commercial/Civil Next Generation Space Transportation; Human Space Exploration. AlP Conference Proc., V. 654, pp. 1116-1123, Melville, NY, 2003. 3. Steven Siceloff, Engineers Building Hard-working Mining Robot, NASA, May 22, 2016