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Displaying results 33931 - 33960 of 40831 in total
Conference Session
Preparing Engineering Students for Their Professional Practice
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Pennsylvania State University; Megan Ellery; Gabriella M. Sallai, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine G.P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
interprets it. — ShaunElizabeth had an arduous journey with mental and physical health, which caused her to take atemporary leave of absence from her program. She praised her department head for being lovingand accommodating during her situation. The department head even allowed her to retain herfunding until her return. This willingness to accommodate her stood in contrast with therelationship she had with her advisor, who set untenable work expectations without regard forher fragile health. Elizabeth describes her advisor as having several personal and physical issues,not unlike her own. However, Elizabeth believes her advisor projected her frustrations
Conference Session
Critical Conversations on Being Valued
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Dustyn Roberts P.E., University of Pennsylvania; Robert W. Carpick, University of Pennsylvania
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity
department level a newDirector of DEI position was created and filled by Prof. Rob Carpick (one of the authors of thiswork). This person has also created a DEI Task Force within the Mechanical Engineering &Applied Mechanics (MEAM) department (on which the other author is serving). While the fullmandate of the DEI Task Force is still taking shape, the main goal is to tackle pressing issuesrelated to DEI in the department, and to develop a longer-term action plan to address theseissues. This will begin as a descriptive research project to take an honest look at where we are asa department to generate baseline data against which future interventions can be compared.Over the past year there have been several curricular and extra-curricular efforts
Conference Session
Cross-cultural Sensitivity, Moral Imagination, and Diversity in Engineering Ethics Education
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Yousef Jalali, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Christian Matheis, Guilford College; Marc Edwards, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
and group projects, and case studies within four major units of inquiry: 1) Learning to Listen, 2) Responsible Conduct of Research, 3) Responsible Conduct of Practice, 4) Witnessing Wrongdoing and the Obligation to Prevent Harm. A major motivation in developing this course was to prioritize listening as a core component of engineering practice and to consider the perspectives of non-experts (i.e., non-engineers, non- scientists, non-architects, etc.) in conventional decision-making processes [1], [2]. The course provides practices in and reflection on empathetic and in-depth listening. Some of the major questions that guide the
Conference Session
The Best of First-year Programs Division
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Frank J. Marsik, University of Michigan; Claudia G. Cameratti-Baeza, University of Michigan; Elizabeth Mann Levesque, University of Michigan; Stacie Edington, University of Michigan
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
Conference Session
Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrating Interactive Teaching Activities
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Michael A. Butkus, United States Military Academy; Anand Deju Shetty, United States Military Academy; Benjamin Michael Wallen P.E., United States Military Academy; Nathaniel Sheehan, United States Military Academy; Andrew Ross Pfluger, United States Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering
isotherms of phenol andchlorophenols onto granular activated carbon: Part I. Two-parameter models and equationsallowing determination of thermodynamic parameters. J. Haz Mat., 147, 381-394.Hutchins, R.A. (1974) New Method Simplifies Design of Activated Carbon Systems. Chem.Engr., 80, 133-138.Langmuir, I. (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica, and platinum, J.Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361-1402.Pfluger, A., D.M. Roux, and M.A. Butkus. (2012) “A Hands-On Experience in Air PollutionEngineering Courses: Implementing an Effective Indoor Air Pollution Project,” Proceedings ofthe 2012 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, American Society forEngineering Education, San Antonia, TX.Senthilkumaar, S., Kalaamani, P
Conference Session
Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jes Barron, U.S. Military Academy; Brad C. McCoy, U.S. Military Academy; Jakob C. Bruhl, U.S. Military Academy; John J. Case, U.S. Military Academy; John Andrew Kearby, U.S. Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
is a U.S. Army Officer in his 11th year of active duty service and is an instructor in the Department of Systems Engineering at the United States Military Academy. He holds master’s degrees in Operations Research from Virginia Tech and Engineering Management from the Missouri University of Science and Technology. He is in the Operations Research functional area of the Army and has research interests in operations research, data analytics, and education. He is certified in project management (PMP) by PMI.Major John Andrew Kearby, U.S. Military Academy MAJ John Kearby serves in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from
Conference Session
Research in Faculty Development
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Sylvia L. Mendez, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs; Valerie Martin Conley, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs; Sarah E Cooksey, University of Colorado Colorado Springs ; Kathryn Elizabeth Starkey, University of Colorado Colorado Springs
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Division
of Mexican descent youth in the mid-20th century, higher education student success, and faculty mentoring programs.Dr. Valerie Martin Conley, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Valerie Martin Conley is dean of the College of Education and professor of Leadership, Research, and Foundations at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs. She previously served as director of the Center for Higher Education, professor, and department chair at Ohio University. She was the PI for the NSF funded research project: Academic Career Success in Science and Engineering-Related Fields for Female Faculty at Public Two-Year Institutions. She is co-author of The Faculty Factor: Reassessing the American Academy in a
Conference Session
Mathematics Division Technical Session 5: From Functions to Big Data–A Hands-on Challenge
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Paran Rebekah Norton, Clemson University; Karen A. High, Clemson University; William Bridges, Clemson University
Tagged Divisions
Mathematics
research projects. He has collaborated extensively with colleagues across the University on the design, analysis, and presentation of data from both surveys and experiments. He is a co-author on peer-reviewed publications and a co-PI on funded research projects each year. He teaches both undergraduate and graduate level courses in statistical methods, regression analysis, statistical research design, and data analysis. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Towards Creating Motivationally Supportive Course Structures for Introductory CalculusAbstractThis paper reports the qualitative phase of a sequential explanatory mixed
Conference Session
Exploration of Broad Issues and Promotion of Engineering and Technological Literacy
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering
Studies [6].The 1957 Circular did not prescribe what a liberal curriculum should be but suggested fiveways in which the curriculum could be liberalised. These were(1) The inclusion of additional subjects.(2) Broadening the treatment of technical and scientific subjects.(3) Increase use of the college library, of seminars, of discussion groups, directed studyperiods, and projects; and in general the fostering of the tutorial relationship betweenteaching staff on the lines of that used in universities.(4) The encouragement of corporate life in colleges, and the development of extra-curricularactivities.(5) The establishment of contacts with institutions abroad.The Circular stated that “the mere addition of extra subjects will not by itself
Conference Session
Improving Student Outcomes in Mechanics
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Nicole P. Pitterson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jacob R. Grohs, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Sneha Patel Davison, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; David A. Dillard P.E., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Todd Patrick Shuba, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; James Lord, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
attributed the ensuing difficultiesassociated with learning basic mechanics to the following factors: 1) insufficient mathematicalknowledge, 2) overall abstractness of the content, 3) students’ preconceptions of the content and4) the degree of logical precision required in problem solving [4-7]. To combat these factors,researchers have recommended the use of multiple representations of the concepts as well asopportunities for repeated practice [8]. Additionally, the use of technology-enabled tools hasbeen reported to significantly reduce the cognitive gap associated with learning fundamentalconcepts such as mechanics.The larger project from which this WIP is drawn is rooted in the belief that problem-solving isfoundational to engineering education
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division Technical Session 8: Modulus Topics
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Aneet Dharmavaram Narendranath, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
computationally oriented courses in mechanical engineering. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Work in Progress: Collect, Carve, ClassifyAbstractThis work in progress demonstrates a simple example on data-mining and classification for amechanical engineering undergraduate elective course in the finite element method.As big data and machine learning continue to permeate and affect the viscera of society, newchallenges and career opportunities emerge. Organizations such as NSF, McKinsey globalinstitute, Gartner global newsroom, IBM, to name a few, have published projections on the globalimpact big data and machine learning on the job market and how these
Collection
2020 First-Year Engineering Experience
Authors
Andrew Assadollahi, P.E., Christian Brothers University; Kyle Raburn
” assessment category is computational and composed of topics such as matrixAlgebra, vector mechanics, various statics topics, and various land surveying topics. ABETStudent Outcome (7) states that students must demonstrate an ability to acquire and apply newknowledge as needed, using appropriate learning strategies [3]. Attainment of this outcome isbest assessed through select course projects in which there is no obvious or clear solution.Figure 1 shows some examples of the Statics content that is assigned in the CE 113 course. Figure 1. Sample CE 113 Homework Assignments and Quiz Problems.The first objective of this study is to evaluate how student performance in Physics 1, Statics, andMechanics of Materials have been impacted by prior
Collection
2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference
Authors
Kristine Denman; Joel Robinson; Tariq Khraishi
fall semester. The lastSTEP cohort started in the fall of 2018. STEP offered six mentoring sessions per year,internships for selected students, opportunities to attend conferences, and the possibility of asecond internship for students who began STEP as freshmen. The New Mexico StatisticalAnalysis Center assessed implementation and outcomes throughout the project. Short-termoutcome assessments focused on student knowledge of resources, engagement, attitudes,perceptions, and program satisfaction. The evaluation also measured the ultimate goal of STEP:to increase graduation rates among engineering students at UNM. This report highlights some ofthe key findings from the evaluation. Literature reviewIn 2007
Collection
2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference
Authors
M. Javed Khan; Chadia Affane Aji
’ development of engineering identity at a Historically BlackCollege/University (HBCU). A validated 11-item questionnaire on engineering identity wasadministered to freshmen through seniors. The data was analyzed to determine correlations betweenengineering identity, time spent in college, and academic success. This work is supported by NSFGrant# 1832041. IntroductionThe number of engineers in the US with an undergraduate degree in engineering is well below theneed, and this gap is projected to grow over the next five years. For example, it has been reportedthat by 2025 more than two million jobs requiring science, technology, engineering and mathematics(STEM) background will be unfulfilled1.The number of
Collection
2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting
Authors
Yongchao Zhao, New York City College of Technology; Ashwin Satyanarayana, New York City College of Technology; Cailean Cooney, New York City College of Technology, CUNY
Tagged Topics
Diversity
2019 Fall14 EMT 1130 Electromechanical Manufacturing Lab Computer Engineering Technology 2019 Fall15 EMT 2390L Operating Systems Lab Computer Engineering Technology 2019 Fall16 ENT 3390 Sound for Multimedia Entertainment Technology 2019 Fall17 MTEC 1005 Physical Computing Skills Lab Entertainment Technology 2019 Fall18 TCET 4182 Telecommunications Capstone Project I Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Technologies 2019 Fall19 COMD 3601 Information Design
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 4 Technical Session 3
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
David Soukup P.E., New York University Tandon School of Engineering
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Paper ID #32146An Imperative for Diversity and Inclusion Training for Asian-AmericanFaculty to Increase the Number of Women Engineering GraduatesMr. David Soukup P.E., New York University Tandon School of Engineering David Soukup is an adjunct professor in the Department of Technology Management and Innovation at New York University’s Tandon School of Engineering. He teaches courses on discrete event simulation, project management, work design, and operations management. A licensed professional engineer, he earned his M.S. in industrial engineering from the University of Tennessee and B.S. in systems engineering from the
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 8 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Victoria Beth Sellers, Engineering and Science Education; Katreena Thomas, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Paper ID #32206Diversity, Equity and Inclusivity in Action: What Can EngineeringEducation Research Publications Do?Dr. Lisa Benson, Clemson University Lisa Benson is a Professor of Engineering and Science Education at Clemson University, and the Editor of the Journal of Engineering Education. Her research focuses on the interactions between student mo- tivation and their learning experiences. Her projects focus on student perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards becoming engineers and scientists, development of problem solving skills, self-regulated learn- ing, and epistemic beliefs. She earned a B.S. in Bioengineering
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 4 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Kristina Rigden, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
sophomores) fromFremont Academy of Engineering and Design in the Pomona Unified School District. Theseparticipants completed two years in the program during which they engaged in projects featuringCreative Robotics and Wearable Technology. The 2015-2016 academic year marked the third andfinal year of this first cohort’s participation and saw the expansion of the Femineer® Program tonine schools with more than 200 students. The expansion continued in the 2016-2017 school yearwith 14 additional schools, with more than 400 students. In addition, the University of Iowa andSan Diego State University signed on as affiliate universities ready to help start and expand theFemineer® Program in their areas. In the 2017-2018 school year an additional 20 schools
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 1 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Sarah Miller, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cara Frances Lammey, University of Colorado, Boulder
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
6have grown the program from 36 to 62 participants, and we’ve growncollege matriculants from four participants to 14. We’ve doubled thescholarship for students, so that students now receive a total of $5,000over their first two years in our college.The core of the EngiNearMe curriculum features student groupscollaborating to build Arduino light sculptures. This project is intended toencourage teamwork and creativity, while building on core engineeringprinciples and concepts in a design process. Students also participate inskill-building workshops throughout the week in the ITLL (IntegratedTeaching and Learning Laboratory), including laser cutting, 3D printing,and Arduino programming. In addition to the engineering curriculum,students
Conference Session
Understanding Students' Authentic and Reflective Experiences of Ethics Education
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Landon Bassett, University of Connecticut; Jennifer Pascal, University of Connecticut; Richard Tyler Cimino, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Kevin D. Dahm, Rowan University; Daniel D. Burkey, University of Connecticut; Scott Duplicate Streiner, Rowan University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
assessing individual ethical decision-making in project-baseddesign teams: Integrating quantitative and qualitative methods,” in 121st ASEE Annual Conference& Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, USA, June 15-18, 2014, [Online]. Available:https://peer.asee.org/23130.[11] L. Kohlberg, R. H. Hersh, “Stages of moral development,” Theory Pract., vol. 16, pp.53-59,Apr. 1977.[12] M. Sindelar, L. Shuman, M. Besterfield-Sacre, R. Miller, C. Mitcham, B. Olds, R. Pinkus,and H. Wolfe. “Assessing Engineering Students' Abilities to Resolve Ethical Dilemmas,” inProceedings, 33rd ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Boulder, Colorado, USA,November 5-8, 2003.[13] L. Kisselburgh, J. L. Hess, C. B. Zoltowski, J. Beever, A. O. Brightman, “Assessing ascaffolded
Conference Session
Ethics, Mindfulness, and Reform During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Shahrima Maharubin, Texas Tech University; Shamsul Arefeen, Texas Tech University; Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University; Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
transformation of engineering education.Dr. Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University Having completed his Ph.D. through the University of Washington’s interdisciplinary Individual Ph.D. Program (see bit.ly/uwiphd), Ryan is now a Postdoctoral Research Associate at Texas Tech University. He currently facilitates an interdisciplinary project entitled ”Developing Reflective Engineers through Artful Methods.” His scholarly interests include both teaching and research in engineering education, art in engineering, social justice in engineering, care ethics in engineering, humanitarian engineering, engineering ethics, and computer modeling of electric power and renewable energy systems.Dr. Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University
Collection
2021 ASEE Pacific Southwest Conference - "Pushing Past Pandemic Pedagogy: Learning from Disruption"
Authors
Farbod Khoshnoud, California State Polytechnic University; Clarice D. Aiello, University of California, Los Angeles; Bruno Marco Quadrelli, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Maziar Ghazinejad, University of California, San Diego; Clarence W De Silva, The University of British Columbia; Farbod Khoshnoud; Behnam Bahr, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Lucas Lamata, Universidad de Sevilla
published and submitted, in international refereed journals, includ- ing: 1 Nature, 1 Reviews of Modern Physics, 1 Advances in Physics: X, 3 Nature Communications, 2 Physical Review X, and 19 Physical Review Letters, two of them Editor’s Suggestion. His h-index according to Google Scholar is of 36, with more than 4700 citations.Dr. Clarice D. Aiello, University of California, Los AngelesDr. Bruno Marco Quadrelli, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Dr. Marco B. Quadrelli is a Principal Member of the Technical Staff and the group supervisor of the Robotics Modeling and Simulation Group at JPL, where he has worked since 1997 on multiple flight projects and research programs. His research interests
Collection
2021 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Conference
Authors
Basile Panoutsopoulos, Community College of Rhode Island
. presentation of the material before the experiment. Mathematical description ofsignals or functions.Figure 07. Measurement of the resistance of a resistor using a multimeter.The Face-to-Face Laboratory:The face-to-face experiments part of the laboratory course, consists of fully contactedexperiments by the students at the College’s laboratory under the direction and supervision of theinstructor.The students work individually and in teams. This approach fully reflects the industrial approachwhere engineers work either on a specialized part of a project, alone or on a part of a big projectalong with other engineers. The approach prepares them for industrial employment. Thelaboratory consists of one experiment in a three-hour time once a week. The
Collection
2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Mostafa Elsaadany; Timothy J. Muldoon; Raj R. Rao
teams and visit these rooms when questions arise. Also, studentteams were able to rehearse the term project presentations together by sharing their computerscreens and camera with their colleagues and also record the final presentation and upload it tothe respective course assignment.At the time in-person teaching was suspended, the Biomolecular Engineering course, out of ninelabs, had three left to be conducted. Since the experiments were well-established from previousyears of instruction (as well as an abundance of video resources found online), we decided toproduce videos to demonstrate the experimental protocols being implemented. We augmentedthat with detailed video explanations of the experimental steps recorded by the Lab
Collection
2007 North Midwest Section Meeting
Authors
Gale Allen
been set aside.In spring07 student teams simulated, assembled and tested AM/FM receivers. Training kits fromOmnitron Electronics, AM/FM108TK, were used for the projects. Students assembled andtested stages starting with the audio output stage. They worked backwards towards the receiverfront-end. They simulated some stages in the receiver, but needed more information on thetransformers. When using the spectrum analyzer the students observed the same AM and FMfrequency spectra in the receiver and as was shown by the simulator. Figure 21. AM/FM108TK Receiver Stages Figure 20. Students Testing Receiver Proceedings of the 2007ASEE North Midwest Sectional Conference
Collection
2007 North Midwest Section Meeting
Authors
James E. Hertel; Amy J. Hamlin
Engineering. As part of the first yearengineering courses (ENG1101 and ENG1102), students are exposed to all engineeringdisciplines through a wide variety of department explorations, engineering problems/projects andethics case studies. The curriculum for these courses (engineering analysis, design, computerprogramming, technical communication, the engineering profession) is applicable to allengineering disciplines, however, the six credit hours that they occupy are in high demand inevery degree program.According to Christopher Rowe (Rowe, et al., 2005), “Approximately 40% of the first-yearengineering students at Vanderbilt University are unsure of their major upon entering theuniversity.” To help students make an informed decision before getting
Collection
2013 North Midwest Section Meeting
Authors
Navaratnam Leelaruban; G. Padmanabhan
available in most of the class room computersand/or computer clusters in universities. Moreover, the target student group of this tool (junior,senior, and graduate students) is fairly conversant using EXCEL. Once the students understandthe fundamental concept of the curve matching in Theis method, it can be easily performed usingthis tool. Since the entire method can be performed exclusively in EXCEL, the instructor maydemonstrate the use of this tool following the step-by-step procedure described in the previoussection by projecting the laptop screenshots on to the large screen in the class room. In addition,the instructor may assign a set of problems on Theis curve-matching and encourage the studentsto use this tool for solving the problems. This
Collection
2013 North Midwest Section Meeting
Authors
Devin R. Berg
as project based learning4. The literaturesuggests that through these methods students engage higher-order thinking tasks which in turnpromote stronger development of necessary problem solving skills5. Students who learn by thesemethods have been found to have better overall achievement as well as improved criticalthinking skills4. These skills thus better prepare the student for life-long learning when comparedagainst a traditional lecture-only approach. By asking students to complete an assignment wherethey had to identify a system or object in static equilibrium, it was intended for the student tobegin to look beyond their textbook and relate the course material with their surroundings.Similar work by others has demonstrated success in
Collection
2020 Northeast Section Meeting
Authors
Rajarajan Subramanian
sections for any course that involved with materials of construction improves efficient and effectivelearning. There are three different parts to the Portland Cement Concrete Materials course:1. The stones and sand (aggregates)2. Cement3. Concrete mixture.The aggregate tests are used to evaluate the properties that can be used in the concrete mixtureproportioning scheme called “Mix Design”. The cement tests can be used to evaluate the properties sothat the right type of cement can be used in the mix design. Eventually, the mix design can be finishedwith the right proportion of each ingredient such as cement, sand, and water. After the mix design is donewith figuring out the right concrete mixture for a particular project, the ingredients need to
Collection
ASEE 2021 Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference
Authors
Ron D. Cooper, University of the Incarnate Word; Okan Caglayan, University of the Incarnate Word
instruction until a safe and effective vaccine became widelyavailable8. Online teaching, a growing but supplemental segment of higher education market,and conducting research remotely became the only safe option available, testing the flexibilityand resilience of students, faculty, and administrators alike. Engineering educators faced aparticular challenge in providing a virtual substitute for the lab-based, hands-on experiences andteamwork that their discipline demands8.The immediate challenges in the transition to remote research were to learn how to focus on thetopic of investigation, to work in an online team environment and to manage time efficiently. Inthe Fall 2020 semester, the beginning of this project, redesigning the research objectives